An atom with _______________ electrons in its outer shell makes one happy, satisfied atom

Final answer:

To determine the mass of silicon from the given number of atoms, we use Avogadro's number and the molar mass of silicon. One mole (6.02 × 1023 atoms) of silicon has a mass of about 28.0855 grams.

Explanation:

The question involves determining the mass of silicon given a number of atoms of silicon. We know that one mole of atoms is equivalent to Avogadro's number (6.022 × 1023 atoms). The mass of one mole of a substance is its molar mass, which for silicon is approximately 28.0855 grams. Therefore, if you have 6.02 × 1023 atoms of silicon, you have one mole of silicon, which weighs about 28.0855 grams.

Answer:The correct answer is magnesium hydroxide.

Explanation

Magnesium hydroxide is a base used in toothpaste. The role of base is to neutralize the acid secreted out in our mouth by bacteria present in our mouth which causes tooth decay and other related ailments.

[tex]Mg(OH)_2(aq)+2H^+(aq)\rightarrow 2H_2O(l)+Mg^{2+}(aq)[/tex]

Where as sorbitol is sugar alcohol found in the fruits and plants. Sodium lauryl sulfate is s basic salt which acts as a surfactant used for cleaning purposes.

Carrageenan is a substance extracted from red and purple seaweed used as thickening or emulsifying agents in the food products.

Answer:

Magnesium hydroxide

Explanation:

Toothpaste as such is a mild base. This helps to neutralize the acid produced in the mouth as a result of the action of certain bacteria that help in breaking down food.

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol and acidic in nature

Carrageenan is a linear polysaccharide and also acidic

Sodium lauryl sulfate is a surfactant and mildly acidic

However, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is a base which is used in toothpastes.

Answer:

The answer would be D. Democritus.

Explanation:

He was the first to state the concept of an atom.

Answer: 3.6 grams

Explanation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Number of moles of silver nitrate}=\frac{4.22g}{170g/mol}=0.025moles[/tex]

[tex]\text{Number of moles of aluminium chloride}=\frac{7.73g}{133g/mol}=0.06moles[/tex]

[tex]3AgNO_3(aq)+AlCl_3(aq)\rightarrow Al(NO)_3)_3(aq)+3AgCl(s)[/tex]

According to stoichiometry:

3 mole of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] react with 1 mole of [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]

0.025 moles of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] react with =[tex]\frac{1}{3}\times 0.025=8.3\times 10^{-3}moles[/tex] of [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]

Thus [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product and [tex]AlCl_3[/tex] is the excess reagent.

3 moles of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] produce = 3 moles of [tex]AgCl[/tex]

0.025 moles of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] produce =[tex]\frac{3}{3}\times 0.025=0.025moles[/tex] of [tex]AgCl[/tex]

Mass of [tex]AgCl[/tex] produced=[tex]moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.025\times 143=3.6g[/tex]

Thus 3.6 g of [tex]AgCl[/tex] is produced.

The mass in grams of AgCl produced when 4.22 g of AgNO₃ react with 7.73 g of AlCl₃ is 3.56 g

From the question, the equation of the reaction is given as

3agno3 (aq) + alcl3 (aq) → al(no3)3 (aq) + 3agcl (s)

This can be written properly as

3AgNO₃ (aq) + AlCl₃ (aq) → Al(NO₃)₃ (aq) + 3AgCl (s)

From the balanced chemical equation above, we observe that

3 moles of AgNO₃ will react with 1 mole of AlCl₃ to yield 1 mole of Al(NO₃)₃ and 3 moles of AgCl.

To determine the mass of AgCl that would be produced when 4.22 g of AgNO₃ react with 7.73 g of AlCl₃,

First, we will convert the given masses to number of moles

Using the formula,

[tex]Number \ of \ moles = \frac{Mass}{Molar \ mass}[/tex]

For AgNO₃

Mass = 4.22 g

Molar mass = 169.87 g/mol

∴ [tex]Number \ of \ moles = \frac{4.22}{169.87}[/tex]

Number of moles of AgNO₃ present = 0.02484 moles

For AlCl₃

Mass = 7.73 g

Molar mass = 133.34 g/mol

∴ [tex]Number \ of \ moles = \frac{7.73}{133.34 }[/tex]

Number of moles of AlCl₃ present = 0.05797 moles

Since,  

3 moles of AgNO₃ react with 1 mole of AlCl₃

Then,

0.02484 moles of AgNO₃ will react with [tex]\frac{0.02484}{3}[/tex] moles of AlCl₃ completely.

(NOTE: AgNO₃ is the limiting reagent and AlCl₃ is the excess reagent)

[tex]\frac{0.02484}{3} = 0.00828[/tex]

∴ Only 0.00828 moles of AlCl₃ will react.

Now, since

3 moles of AgNO₃ will react with 1 mole of AlCl₃ to yield 1 mole of Al(NO₃)₃ and 3 moles of 3AgCl

Therefore,

0.02484 moles of AgNO₃ will react with 0.00828 mole of AlCl₃ to yield 0.00828 mole of Al(NO₃)₃ and 0.02484 moles of AgCl

∴ 0.02484 moles of AgCl is produced during the reaction.

Now, we will convert this amount to grams

From the formula

[tex]Mass = Number \ of \ moles \times Molar \ mass[/tex]

Number of moles = 0.02484 moles

Molar mass = 143.32 g/mol

∴ Mass of AgCl produced = 0.02484 × 143.32

Mass of AgCl produced = 3.56 g

Hence, the mass in grams of AgCl produced when 4.22 g of AgNO₃ react with 7.73 g of AlCl₃ is 3.56 g

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1. Heat always flow from a region of higher temperature to a lower temperature, just like concentration gradient. So in this case, since the metallic sphere is hotter than water, so naturally heat energy flows from the metallic sphere to the water.

2. We use the formula:

Q = m C ∆T

where Q is the heat energy gained, m is mass of water, C is heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g°C and ΔT is change in temperature

Since density of water is 1 g/mL, so mass is also 100g, therefore:

Q = 100 g * 4.184 J/g°C * (27.1°C - 25°C)

Q = 878.64 J

3. Heat gained by the water is equal to the heat lost by the metal, therefore:

Q(water) = - Q(metal)

878.64 J = - 15 g * C * (27.1°C - 98°C)

C = 0.83 J/g°C

Answer:

1. Heat always flow from a region of higher temperature to a lower temperature, just like concentration gradient. So in this case, since the metallic sphere is hotter than water, so naturally heat energy flows from the metallic sphere to the water.

2. We use the formula:

Q = m C ∆T

where Q is the heat energy gained, m is mass of water, C is heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g°C and ΔT is change in temperature

Since density of water is 1 g/mL, so mass is also 100g, therefore:

Q = 100 g * 4.184 J/g°C * (27.1°C - 25°C)

Q = 878.64 J

3. Heat gained by the water is equal to the heat lost by the metal, therefore:

Q(water) = - Q(metal)

878.64 J = - 15 g * C * (27.1°C - 98°C)

C = 0.83 J/g°C

Explanation:

The frequency of yellow light of wavelength 580 nm is  [tex]\boxed{{0.05172\times10^{18}}\text{Hz}}[/tex]

Further Explanation:

Wavelength is the characteristic property of a wave. The term wavelength is defined as the distance between two successive crests or troughs in a wave. It is represented by [tex]\lambda[/tex] and its SI unit is meter (m).

The term frequency is defined as the number of times n event occurs in unit time. It is generally applied to waves including light, sound and radio waves. It is denoted by [tex]{\text{v }}[/tex] and its SI unit is Hertz (Hz).

The conversion factor to convert nm to m is,

[tex]1\;{\text{nm}}={10^{ - 9}}\;{\text{m}}[/tex]

The wavelength and frequency of light are related to each other by the following expression,

[tex]{\text{c}} = {v\lambda}[/tex]                                   ......(1)

Here,

C is the speed of light.

[tex]v[/tex] is the frequency of light.

[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength of light.

Rearrange equation (1) to calculate the frequency of light.

[tex]v=\dfrac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]                      ......(2)

The wavelength of yellow light is 580 nm.

Firstly, wavelength of yellow light is to be converted from nm to m as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Wavelength of yellow light }}\left({\text{m}}\right)&=\left( {{\text{580 nm}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{{10}^{ - 9}}\;{\text{m}}}}{{1\;{\text{nm}}}}}\right)\\&=58\times {10^{ - 10}}\;{\text{m}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The speed of yellow light is [tex]3 \times {10^8}\;{\text{m/s}}[/tex].

The wavelength of yellow light is  [tex]58\times {10^{ - 10}}\;{\text{m}}[/tex].

Substitute these values in equation (2)

[tex]\begin{aligned}{v }}&=\frac{{{\text{3}}\times{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^8}\;{\text{m/s}}}}{{58 \times{{10}^{ - 10}}\;{\text{m}}}}\\&=0.05172\times{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{18}}\;{\text{Hz}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

So the frequency of yellow light is [tex]{\mathbf{0}}{\mathbf{.05172 \times 1}}{{\mathbf{0}}^{{\mathbf{18}}}}\;{\mathbf{Hz}}[/tex].

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Structure of the atom

Keywords: frequency, wavelength, yellow light, 580 nm, crests, troughs, speed of light, wavelength of light, frequency of light, conversion factor, Hz, m.

The frequency of this yellow light with wavelength, 580.0 nm is; 5.2 × 10¹⁴ Hz.

According to the question:

We must also establish the relationship between the speed, wavelength and frequency as follows;

c = f × λ

Therefore, f = c/λ

where,

However, 580nm = 580 × 10^-⁹ m = 5.8 × 10-⁷m

Consequently, the frequency, f of this yellow light is;

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Answer:

•   Chemical properties can only be observed during a chemical reaction:

Chemical properties can only be established by changing a substance's chemical identity, and chemical properties are different from physical properties, which can be observed by viewing or touching a sample. The internal qualities of a substance must be altered to determine its chemical properties.

Examples:

Some common chemical properties are heat of combustion, enthalpy of formation, toxicity,

and flammability, each of which will be covered in this lesson.

•   Rusting of iron is the chemical reaction not physical because:

The rusting of iron is a chemical change because it is two substances reacting together to make a

new substance. When iron rusts, iron molecules react with oxygen molecules to make a compound

called iron oxide. Rusting would only be a physical change if iron molecules remained pure iron

throughout the process.

The equation for this reaction is: 4Fe+ 3O2 → 2Fe2O

•   Melting and boiling points are physical properties:

Yes melting and boiling points are the physical properties.  

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.  

Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.

•   Mass and volume are chemical properties:

No mass and volume are the extensive physical properties of matter

All properties of matter are either physical or chemical properties and physical properties are either intensive or extensive.

Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured.

Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present.

Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance’s chemical identity.

•   Various components of a mixture do not combine chemically:

When various components of a mixture do not combine chemically it is a Combination of substances in which individual components do not combine chemically but retain their individual properties. Mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance.

When various components combine chemically then form chemical compounds that are often divided into two categories. Metals often react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds. These compounds are composed of positive and negative ions formed by adding or subtracting electrons from neutral atoms and molecules

The sentences among the group of answer choices that applies to physical and chemical properties are:

A. Chemical properties can only be observed during a chemical reaction.

B. The rusting of iron is a chemical property.

C. Melting and boiling points are physical properties.

E. The various components of a mixture do not combine chemically.

A physical property can be defined as the properties of a chemical compound (substance) that is measurable and observable without altering the chemical composition of the chemical compound (substance). Some examples of the physical properties of a substance are;

A chemical property can be defined as the properties of a chemical compound (substance) that is observable and measurable during a chemical reaction. Some examples of the chemical properties of a substance are;

In conclusion, we can deduce the following from the above definitions of physical and chemical properties;

I. A chemical property can only be observed and measured during a chemical reaction.

II. An example of a chemical property is the rusting of iron.

III. Melting and boiling points are considered to be physical properties.

IV. The various components of a mixture do not combine chemically.

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The moles of N atom in 0.225 g of N2O is 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles.

Moles is defined as a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities in measuring small entities such as atoms, molecules and other specified particles. It can also be defined as unit of amount of substance.

Atoms are defined as smallest unit into which matter can be divided without release of electrically charged particles.

The given mass of N2O = 0.225 g

The molar mass o N2O = 44.013 g/mole

So, the number of mole of nitrous oxide in 0.225 g of nitrous oxide

= 0.225 / 44.013 = 5.11 x 10⁻³ moles

The number of nitrogen present in 5.11 x 10⁻³ moles of nitrous oxide

= 5.11 x 10⁻³ x 2 = 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles

Thus, the moles of N atom in 0.225 g of N2O is 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles.

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There are 0.01022 moles or 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles of nitrogen in 0.225 g of N₂O.

To calculate the moles of nitrogen in 0.225 g of N₂O, we determined the molar mass of N₂O, found the moles of N₂O, and then calculated the moles of N based on its molecular composition.

To find the number of moles of nitrogen (N) in 0.225 g of N₂O, we need to follow these steps:

Step-by-Step Solution

Therefore, there are 0.01022 moles or 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles of nitrogen in 0.225 g of N₂O.

Answer:

Increases by an unit.          

Explanation:

The periodic table refers to the table in which the chemical elements are arrangement in the increasing order of their atomic number (Z). This table contains 18 vertical columns, known as groups and 7 horizontal rows, called columns.

As we move across the period, i.e. left to right from one column to another; the number of valence electrons in the valence shell of a chemical element progressively increases by an unit.

A lot of values are given but we must focus only on HCl.

There are 215 mL (0.215 L) of 0.300 M HCl that was completely   used. We must remember the moles is simply the product of volume and molarity, that is:

number of moles = 0.215 L * 0.300 M

number of moles= 0.0645 moles HCl

Answer: A) The direction of the chemical equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the forward reaction.

Explanation: Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle.

This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.

For the given equation:

[tex]H_2+I_2+heat\rightleftharpoons 2HI[/tex]

This is a type of Endothermic reaction because heat is absorbed in the reaction.

On increasing the temperature, according to the Le-Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium will shift in the direction where decrease in temperature occurs. As this is an endothermic reaction, the temperature is decreasing in forward direction as heat is being absorbed.

Thus on increasing the temperature the reaction will shift in the right and rate of forward direction will increase.

Answer:

A) The direction of the chemical equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the forward reaction.

Explanation:

The energy of the 4th energy level, taking into account the shift in energy levels in the given problem, is -6.25 eV.

The energy levels of an electron in an atom are quantized, meaning they can only have certain specific values. The question states that the innermost orbit of an electron has an energy level of -19 eV.

In a regular hydrogen atom, the ground state or the lowest energy state is -13.6 eV. If we consider the absorption spectrum, it provides information about the energy required for the electron to move from one energy state to another.

Given that the innermost energy state (n = 1) is -19 eV and not the regular -13.6 eV, it implies that energy levels of the hydrogen atom have been shifted by a constant value. The difference, i.e., -19 eV - (-13.6 eV) = -5.4 eV needs to be considered.

So, for the 4th energy level, E4, it should be E4 = (-13.6 eV / 4²) - 5.4 eV = -0.85 - 5.4 = -6.25 eV. Note, the energy decreases as we move from the 1st to 4th energy level, hence the negative sign.

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Answer:

1. losing electrons and forming positive ions

Explanation:

Metals form ions by losing electrons. They do it because they have few electrons in their outermost shells. So rather than accept more electrons, it is much more feasible to lose the few electrons and achieve the octet configuration.

With this alone, we know that options 3 and 4 are incorrect.

When metals lose electrons, the type of ion formed is a positive ion because the total number of protons (positive) would be more than the total number of electrons (negative) present.

For example in Ca²⁺;

Calcium loses 2 electrons. The charge however shows +2. This is because there are 20 protons and 18 electrons in the ion now, so 20 -18 = +2

The correct option is option 1. losing electrons and forming positive ions.

00 mL? I believe that you have erroneously pasted the question here.

Anyway, let us continue computing for the molarity of KOH but i will just use a variable “A” for the volume of H2SO4 solution.

The complete balanced reaction is:

H2SO4  +  2KOH  -->  K2SO4  +  2H2O

We see that 2 moles of KOH is needed for every mole of H2SO4. So calculate the moles of H2SO4.

moles H2SO4 = 0.245 M * (A / 1000) = 2.45x10^-4 A

So the number of moles of KOH is:

moles KOH = 2.45x10^-4 A * 2

moles KOH = 4.90x10^-4 A

So the molarity of KOH is:

Molarity KOH = 4.90x10^-4 A / (0.0239 L)

Molarity KOH = 0.0205 * A

Simply multiply 0.0205 by the correct volume of H2SO4 in ml

Inactive ingredients in aspirin tablets, such as fillers, binders, and buffering agents, help in maintaining the structure of the tablet, extending shelf life, and minimizing side effects, among other functions.

Inactive ingredients in aspirin tablets serve various functions, such as binders, which hold the tablet together, and fillers like starch, which add bulk to the tablet making it easier to handle. Other potential inert ingredients may include disintegrants to help the tablet break down after ingestion, preservatives to extend shelf life, and buffering agents such as MgO, especially in buffered aspirin forms, to minimize acidic side effects. In some cases, there may be coating agents to protect the stomach lining or to control the release rate of the aspirin, flavoring agents to improve taste, and colorants for tablet identification. The choice of these additives depends on the intended use, manufacturing process, and desired properties of the final product.

To create a 120-ounce mixture that is 70% salt using Solution A (65% salt) and Solution B (80% salt), the scientist needs to mix 40 ounces of Solution A with 80 ounces of Solution B.

To solve this problem involving solution mixture, we can use the concept of the weighted average to find how many ounces of Solution A and Solution B are needed to create a new solution of desired concentration.

Let the amount of Solution A to be used be x ounces and the amount of Solution B be 120-x ounces.

Set up the equation considering that Solution A is 65% salt and Solution B is 80% salt, and we want a final mixture that is 70% salt of 120 ounces total.

The equation to be solved is 0.65x + 0.80(120-x) = 0.70(120).

Simplify and solve the equation for x.

Substitute x back into 120-x to find the amount of Solution B needed.

In this case, solving the equation gives us x = 40 ounces of Solution A and 120-x = 80 ounces of Solution B needed to achieve the 70% salt mixture.

The elements in the periodic table are arranged from left to right and top to bottom increasing the value of an atomic number.

The periodic table can be described as a rows and columns arrangement of the elements. It is used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is seen as an icon of chemistry.

The periodic table can be defined as a graphic formulation of the periodic law, which states that the properties of chemical elements have a periodic dependence on their atomic numbers.

The periodic table is divided into four rectangular areas known as blocks. The rows of the table are known as periods, and the columns are known as groups.

Elements from the same group show similar chemical properties. Trends of the periodic table, with nonmetallic characters increasing from left to right in a period while across a group, and metallic characters increasing in the opposite direction.  The reason for these trends in the period and groups is the electron configurations of atoms.

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