Which would expect bleach to have?

A high concentration of hydronium ions

A high concentration of hydroxyl ions

A high concentration of hydrogen ion

A low concentration of all kinds of ions

Answer:

(B) 73.0 hours.

Explanation:

So, the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M is (B) 73.0 hours.

A teaspoon of caffeine is NOT deadly as teaspoon of ricin                                                                                                            

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

Powdered caffeine is not as deadly as ricin. Ricin is one of the most highly potent toxins in the world. A teaspoon of purified ricin powder can kill an adult human.

Powdered caffeine, on the other hand, is not as dangerous but it still being more dangerous than drinking a cup of coffee. Because a teaspoon of powdered caffeine is like drinking 28 cups of coffee. It is said than 2 teaspoons are able to kill a human.

I hope this answer helps you.

Answer:

Explanation:

Since the living organisms stop the metabolic processes when dye, the age of the fossil is equal to the time the carbon-14 isotope (C-14) has been decaying.

Since the hal-life of the radioisotopes, such as carbon-14, is constant, you know that the amount of carbon-14 remaining reduces to half each time a half-life passes, i.e:

Now, knowing that 70% or 0.7 parts are remaining you can set the equation:

Which means that 0.5156 half-life has elapses, since the fossil started forming.

Since one half-life is 5730 years, the age of the fossil is 0.5156 × 5730 years = 2,948 years, which should be rounded to three signficant figures: 2,950 years.

Answer:

Explanation:

This table shows how the electron configurations of the representative groups can be compared.

Group        last shell of the electron configuration

1                 n s¹

2                n s²

13               n s² p¹

14               n s² p²

15               n s² p³

16               n s² p⁴

17               n s² p⁵

18               n s² p⁶

That means that, for example, that the electron configurations of all the elements of the group 17, halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts) terminate is n s² p⁵, where n is the principal quantum number (main energy level), which may take the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

And this structure shows the reason behind the similarity of the chemical properties of the elements within a group, given that the outermost electrons, i.e the valence electrons, are which mostly participate in the chemical reactions.

For the gropus 3 trhough 12, the metal transitions, the comparison must include the filling of the orbitals d and f.

Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic compounds, such as covalent ones, have zero net charge; this is, they are neutral.

Substances with net positive charge are cations and substances with net negative charge are anions.

The charges in the ionic compound calcium flouride are distributed in this way:

So, a two positve charge, from one calcium ion, is equal to two negative charges, from two fluoride tions, yielding a zero net charge.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

a) Chemical formula: C₆H₁₂O₆

b) Molecular weight, MM = 180.16 g/mol

c) mass, m = 19.1 g

c) n = ?

2) Formula:

3) Soltuion:

Substitute the data:

The significant figures start with the first non-zero digit after the decimal point, so they are 1, 0, and 6, i.e. three significant figures.

Final answer:

To find the number of moles of glucose in 19.1g, divide the mass of glucose by its molar mass (180.16 g/mol), resulting in approximately 0.106 moles.

Explanation:

The molecular weight of glucose (C6H12O6) is 180.16 grams per mole (g/mol). To calculate the number of moles in a given mass of glucose, we use the formula:

Number of moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

For 19.1g of glucose, the calculation would be:

Number of moles = 19.1 g / 180.16 g/mol

This equals approximately 0.106 moles of glucose, which is the answer when expressed using three significant figures.

Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic bond is a bond which is formed as a result of transfer of electrons between an electronegative atom and very weakly electronegative one. For ionic bonds to be formed, an electronegativity difference greater than 0.7 between the two atoms must be achieved. This bond is usually between a metal and a non-metal. Due to this electron transfer, the atoms becomes oppositely charged.

Ionic compounds typically are soluble in polar solvents, they conduct electricity and are usually hard solids

                                                    while

Covalent bonds are formed as a result of sharing of electrons between atoms having zero or small electronegativity difference. The difference in electronegativity is usually less than 0.5. Most of the compounds are usually non-polar but in some cases when there is an uneven sharing of electrons, the compounds becomes polar.

Covalent compounds are usually gases and volatile liquids, most are non-conductors and are insoluble in polar solvents.

                                                 while

Metallic bonds are usually found in metals. They join atoms of metals and their alloys together. This bond type stems from an attraction between the positive nuclei of all closely packed atoms in the lattice and the electron cloud resulting from loss of valence electronic shells. The metallic bonds conditions the properties of metals like conductivity, malleability e.t.c.

Ionic bonds involve electrostatic attraction between a metal and a nonmetal, covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between nonmetals, and metallic bonds entail a 'sea of electrons' moving freely among metal atoms.

Understanding the differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds is fundamental in chemistry. Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic forces that exist between ions of opposite charges, typically involving a metal and a nonmetal. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound where a sodium ion (Na⁺) and a chloride ion (Cl⁻) are held together by this type of bond. On the other hand, covalent bonds are the result of two atoms, usually nonmetals, sharing a pair of electrons to achieve stability. An example of a covalent bond is the one found in a water molecule (H₂O) where each hydrogen shares an electron with oxygen. Lastly, metallic bonds are characterized by a 'sea of electrons' that are free to move around, which is what gives metals their characteristic properties like conductivity. This type of bond occurs between metal atoms, such as in copper or iron.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{ \text{21 mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) Balanced equation

You haven't given the complete reaction, but we can use a partial equation so long as Cl is balanced.

3Cl₂ + … ⟶ 2FeCl₃ + …

(b). Calculation

You want to convert moles of FeCl₃  to moles of Cl₂

The molar ratio is 3 mol Cl₂:2 mol FeCl₃

[tex]\text{Moles of Cl$_{2}$} =\text{14 mol FeCl$_{3}$} \times \dfrac{\text{3 mol Cl$_{2}$}}{\text{2 mol FeCl$_{3}$}} = \text{21 mol Cl$_{2}$}\\\\\text{You need }\boxed{ \textbf{21 mol of Cl$_{2}$}}\text{ to form 14 mol of FeCl$_{3}$}.[/tex]

Answer:

The nuclear equation that represents the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron is:

Explanation:

In a nuclear reaction the nuclides are represented with the chemical symbol preceded by a superscript that represents the mass number (number of protons plus neutrons) and a subscript that represents the atomic number (number of protons).

H-2 is the isotope of hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 neutron, so it is represented as:

He-3 is the isotope of helium with 2 protons and 1 neuron, so it is represented as:

The neutron is represented as:

With that, you represent the nuclear equation for the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron as follows:

The clue is to check the balance of both mass numbers and atomic numbers:

Answer:

Explanation:

Inertiness of the noble gases refers to their lack of reactivity, i.e. the stability provided by a full valence electron shell.

The noble gases are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rd, and, the most recently discovered, Og.

They are located in the last column (18) of the periodic table.

Then, when you do the electron configuration of the noble gases, you find they have the outermost prinicpal energy level full. These are their electron configurations using the abbreviated form:

Being their valence orbitals full, these elements will not be very likely to exchange or share electrons, which is the reason of their inertness.

This does not mean that they do not react at all. Xe and F (the most reactive nonmetal) form some compounds.

The inertness of noble gases is due to their full outer electron shells, resulting in high ionization energies and low electron affinities which make them resistant to forming chemical bonds.

The inertness of the noble gases is fundamentally due to their electronic configuration. Noble gases like helium, neon, argon, etc., all have their outer shell completely filled, usually achieving what is known as a full octet for elements beyond helium. This stable configuration of ns²p⁶ (where 'n' is the principal quantum number) in the valence shell means that they have high ionization energies, making it very difficult for these atoms to lose an electron. Similarly, their electron affinity is very low, as any gained electron would have to enter a higher energy level, making the binding of an extra electron quite weak. Consequently, noble gases are resistant to forming chemical bonds and are unreactive under normal conditions, aside from heavier noble gases like xenon that can form compounds under specific, high-energy conditions.

Answer:

(B) 73.0 hours.

Explanation:

So, the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M is (B) 73.0 hours.

Half-life it tells you about the amount of time needed that half of the quantity of an isotope to disintegrate.

For carbon-14, assuming that the daughter isotope is a stable one and does not disintegrate further, you have:

parent isotope           daughter isotope             years

100%                            0%                                     0

50%                             50%                                  5,730

25%                             75%                                  11,460

Answer:

Explanation:

Compounds are pure substances formed by two or more different kind of atoms.

For example, H₂O, and CaCO₃ are compounds.

Elements can not be separated into other substances by a chemical change. The process to change an element into other substance (different element) is a nuclear reaction (transmutation).

Mixtures are not pure substances and can be separated into other substances by physical changes: for example, a brine can be separated into salt and water by evaporation.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The equilibrium expression is

[products]/[reactants] and each is raised to its molar coefficient.

So:

[H2}^2[O2]/[H2O]^2

The alpha carbon is the central carbon in an amino acid and is bonded to the amino and carboxyl groups, as well as the R group. The beta carbon is bonded to the alpha carbon. These differences in bonding arrangements contribute to the differences in properties and functions of amino acids.

The alpha (a) carbon and the beta (b) carbon are both important structural components of amino acids. The alpha carbon is the central carbon atom in an amino acid, and it is bonded to the amino group, the carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and the R group. The R group is what differentiates one amino acid from another. On the other hand, the beta carbon is not directly connected to the amino or carboxyl group, but it is bonded to the alpha carbon. The difference in the bonding arrangements of these two carbons gives rise to differences in the properties and functions of amino acids.

exothermic reaction because the energy absorbed during breaking the bonds of the reactants is less than the energy realised

The reaction is a exergonic reaction.

An exergonic response is a synthetic response where the adjustment in the free vitality is negative demonstrating an unconstrained response. For procedures that occur under steady weight and temperature conditions, the Gibbs free vitality is utilized though the Helmholtz vitality is utilized for procedures that happen under consistent volume and temperature conditions.  

In exergonic reaction, during bond breakage energy is required whereas the formation of the bond releases energy. Although exergonic responses are said to happen immediately, this doesn't infer that the response will occur at a perceptible rate.

Answer:

37.98 kPa.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

P₁ = 101.3 kPa, V₁ = 1.5 L,

P₂ = ??? kPa, V₂ = 4.0 L.

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁)/V₂ = (101.3 kPa)(1.5 L)/(4.0 L) = 37.98 kPa.

Answer:

Explanation:

Law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be either created or destroyed.

A skeleton chemical equation shows the reactants and products of a chemical reaction without taking into account the real proportion in which the reactants combine and the products are obtained.

An example of a skeleton reaction is the combustion of methane:

Such as that equation is shown, there are four atoms of hydrogen in the reactants but only 2 atoms of hydrogen in the products. Also, there are 2 atoms of oxygen in the reactants but three atoms of oxygen in the products. This seems to show that some atoms of hydrogen have been destroyed and some atoms of oxygen have been created. This is impossible as it is against the law of conservation of matter.

Then, to show a real situation, the chemical equation of combustion must be balanced, adjusting the coefficients. This is the balanced chemical equation:

Now you see that the number of atoms of each matter is conserved: the number of carbon atoms in each side is 1, the number of atoms of hydrogen in each side is 4, and the number of atoms of oxygen in each side is 4. Thus, by balancing the chemical equation, the law of conservation of mass is not violated.

Chemical equations are balanced to comply with the law of conservation of matter by showing equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation, reflecting the conserved nature of matter during reactions and allowing accurate stoichiometric calculations.

We balance chemical equations to respect the law of conservation of matter, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. A balanced chemical equation ensures that there is an equal number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation, which reflects that matter is conserved during a chemical reaction. The coefficients in a chemical equation are used to represent the stoichiometric ratios and must be the simplest whole number ratio to illustrate the proportional relationship between reactants and products.

Chemical equations show the transformation of reactants into products, and balancing them allows chemists to predict the amounts of reactants needed and products formed. It is also essential for finding the limiting reagent, which dictates the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Answer:

After measuring the solute, Carl should first dissolve the solid in a small amount of DI water before diluting to the total volume.

Explanation:

To ensure that all the solute dissolves in the solution, first dissolve the solid in less than the total volume of solution needed.

Molarity is the moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of the solution.

1 M NaCl solution is 1 moles of NaCl in 1 L of the solution.

Here the solute is NaCl and its molar mass is 58.44 g/mol. So measuring out 58.44 g of NaCl gives 1 moles of NaCl. Carl then added water to bring the volume up to 1 Liter. Carl's lab technique is correct.

Answer:

1.5 atm.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

P₁ = 3.65 atm, V₁ = 22.4 L, T₁ = 22°C + 273 = 295 K,

P₂ = ??? atm, V₂ = 57.4 L, T₂ = 38°C + 273 = 311 K,

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁T₂)/(V₂T₁) = (3.65 atm)(22.4 L)(311 K)/(57.4 atm)(295 L) = 1.5 atm.

Final answer:

Using the combined gas law, the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after it is expanded to 57.4 L and heated to 38
°C is approximately 1.267 atm.

Explanation:

To calculate the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after expansion and heating, we can use the combined gas law, which is an amalgamation of Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws:

P1V1/ T1 = P2 V2/ T2,

where P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures, V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes, and T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures in Kelvin. Applying the given values:

P1 = 3.65 atm

V1 = 22.4 L

T1 = 22 °C + 273 = 295 K

V2 = 57.4 L

T2 = 38 °C + 273 = 311 K

By plugging these values into the combined gas law, we can solve for P2:

3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K = P2  57.4 L / 311 K

Now solve for P2:

P2 = (3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K) (311 K / 57.4 L)

After calculating, the final pressure P2 is found to be approximately 1.267 atm (when rounded to three significant figures).

Answer:

Helium

Explanation:

Final answer:

Helium (He) has the lowest boiling point of all elements, boiling at -269°C because it is light and nonpolar, with weak dispersion forces.

Explanation:

The chemical element with the lowest boiling point is helium (He), which boils at -269°C (-452.2°F). To predict boiling points, consider the intermolecular forces such as electrostatic interactions, polarity, ability to form hydrogen bonds, and molar mass related to London dispersion forces. For nonpolar substances like helium, the lighter the molecule, the lower the boiling point. Therefore, helium, being the lightest and nonpolar, has the lowest boiling point among common elements. The boiling points of nonpolar substances typically increase with molecular mass. The higher the molar mass, the higher the boiling point, like in the case of C60, which is much heavier than helium.

Answer:

25

I hope this helps

20 moles of O2 are consumed if 20 moles of SO2 are produced.

The mole, is the SI base unit of amount of substance. The quantity amount of substance is a measure of how many elementary entities of a given substance are in an object or sample.

1) Balanced chemical equation:

S + O₂ → SO₂

2) Mole ratios:

1 mol S : 1 mol O₂ : 1 mol SO₂

3) Proportion:

1 mol SO₂ / 1 mol O₂ = 20 mol SO₂ / x

4) Solve for x:

x = 20 mol SO₂ × 1 mol O₂ / 1 mol SO₂ = 20 mol O₂.

The answer is 20 moles.

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Answer:

Na⁺, A³⁻

Explanation:

For easy calculation, let's say you have mixed 1 L of each of these solutions to make 4 L total.

Citric acid (H₃A) has three acidic hydrogens.

The equilibria are

1. H₃A + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + H₂A⁻;   pKₐ =    3.08

2. H₂A⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + HA²⁻; pKₐ =    4.44

3. HA²⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + A³⁻;    pKₐ =   5.40

4. A³⁻ + H₂O ⇌ OH⁻ + HA²⁻ ;    pKb  =  8.60

5. 2H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻;           pKw  = 14.00

Now, we adjust to pH 9.

Let's look at the weakest acid (Equation3),

pH = pKa + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

9 = 5.40 + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])= 3.6

[A³⁻]/[HA²⁻] = 10^3.6  = 4000

[A³⁻]= 4000[HA²⁻]

In other words, at pH 9, the weakest acid is completely neutralized. Then, the stronger acids are also completely neutralized.

It takes 3 mol of NaOH to neutralize the H₃A, 2 mol of NaOH for the NaH₂A, and 1 mol NaOH for the Na₂HA.

So, 6 mol of NaOH will neutralize the three acids, bring the pH to 9, and make a total volume of 10 L.

The final solution contains the species: H₃A, H₂A⁻, HA²⁻, A³⁻, Na⁺, H₃O⁺, and OH⁻.

Now we must assess their relative amounts.

Na⁺: 6 mol for neutralization + 6 mol in the original solution = 12 mol.  

[Na⁺] = 1.2 mol·L⁻¹

A³⁻: 1 mol from each of the four solutions = 4 mol A³⁻.

[A³⁻] = 0.4 mol·L⁻¹

The other species all have concentrations less than 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹.

The major species are Na⁺ and A³⁻.

Final answer:

The major species in the solution are citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate.

Explanation:

The major species in the solution after combining equal volumes of 1 M solutions of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate, and adjusting the pH to 9.5 using 1 M NaOH, are:

These species are formed based on the acidic and basic properties of the compounds involved.

Answer: D. with the others in the car

In the frame of reference when you look at others riding with you in the car, they look motionless but yet are moving. If we look at a moving car from outside of the car, it appears in motion. Now if you happen to be running at the same speed as the car and you look over it would appear motionless again.

Any questions please feel free to ask. Thanks!

Answer:

The best answer to the question: In what frame of reference would you be at rest while riding in a car, would be, indeed, D: the others in the car.

Explanation:

The reason for this being the correct answer comes mostly from the way that our brains perceive movement, or rest, depending on the motion, or state of movement, of others and of things. In this case, we are being to ask when we would perceive ourselves to be in a state of rest while being inside a moving vehicle, relative to other subjects and objects around. Since the car is moving, if the person looks out the window towards people on the streets, or a child pulling a wagon, or a bridge over a highway, the perception will be that I am moving, relative to the others, and therefore, I am not at rest. But in the moving vehicle, with others in the same state as I am, those people are static and so am I, and therefore I can assume that in this frame of reference, I am at rest while riding a car.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The unbalanced nuclear equation is

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, ? + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

It is convenient to replace the question mark by an atomic symbol, [tex]_{x}^{y}\text{Z}[/tex], where x = the atomic number, y = the mass number, and Z = the symbol of the element .

Then your equation becomes

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{x}^{y}\text{Z} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

The main point to remember in balancing nuclear equations is that **the sums of the superscripts and the subscripts must be the same on each side of the equation**.  

Then

84 = x + 2, so x = 84 - 2 = 82

210 = y + 4, so y = 206

Element 82 is lead, so the nuclear equation becomes

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

When 210Po undergoes alpha decay it emits an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons). As a result its atomic number decreases by 2 and mass number decreases by 4 transforming it into the element Lead (Pb).

When an atom of 210Po undergoes alpha decay, it emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This results in a reduction of the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4. The atomic number specifies the identity of an element, so when 210Po (Polonium with atomic number 84) loses 2 protons the resulting atomic number is 82, which corresponds to the element Lead (Pb). Hence after the emission of an alpha particle from a 210Po atom, the resulting element is lead (Pb).

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Answer:

\boxed{\text{52.9 kJ/mol}}

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we must use the Arrhenius equation:

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)[/tex]

The activation energy depends on the starting temperature, so, let's assume that

T₁ = 25 °C = 298.15 K

T₂ = 35 °C = 308.15 K

k₂/k₁ = 2

This gives

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)\\\\\ln \dfrac{2}{1} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(\dfrac{1}{308.15} - \dfrac{1}{298.15}\right)\\\\\ln 2 = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(3.3540 \times 10^{-3} - 3.2452\times 10^{-3}\right)\\\\8.314 \ln 2 = E_{a}\left(1.088 \times 10^{-4}\right)\\\\E_{a} = \dfrac{8.314 \ln 2}{1.088 \times 10^{-4}}\\\\E_{a} = 5.29 \times 10^{4}\text{ J/mol}\\\\E_{a} = \boxed{\textbf{52.9 kJ/mol}}[/tex]

Answer:

A. 0,01086 [543⁄50000]m/s

Explanation:

Just double the rate to get your answer.

I hope this helps you out alot, and as always, I am joyous to assist anyone at any time.

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\Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

Molarity of NaOH = 0.212M, Molarity of HCl = 0.436M

Explanation:

Before answering the question, it is crucial to write out the chemical equation between HCl and NaOH. This is given below as;

HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O

HCl is the Acid and NaOH is the base.

From the reaction we can tell that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH.

We use the acid base relationship in calculating unknown concentration;

[tex]\frac{CaVa}{CbVb} = \frac{Na}{Nb}[/tex]

The question stated the following;

Volume of NaOH (Vb) = 25.0ml

Concentration of NaOH (Cb) = 0.212M

Volume of HCl (Va) = 13.6ml

Concentration of HCl (Ca) = ?

From the equation above;

Na = 1

Nb = 1

[tex]Ca = \frac{NaCbVb}{VaNb}[/tex]

Cb = (1 * 0.212 * 25) / (13.6 * 1)

Cb = 0.436 M

Answer:

Chemical change

Explanation:

Chemical changes occur through chemical reactions. In a chemical reactions, reactants combines together and gives new products.  Chemical change is a kind of change in which new products are formed as a result of different bond combinations. They are often associated with the evolution and use of energy.

Chemical changes are not easily reversible and they require a considerable amount of energy. Examples of chemical changes are combustion, rusting of iron, precipitation e.t.c.

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in human muscle cells.

In human muscle cells, lactic acid fermentation This typically happens when there is an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during high-intensity activities causing muscle fatigue. The process involves a chemical reaction where pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid, with the help of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

The type of fermentation that occurs in human muscle cells is lactic acid fermentation. This process typically happens when there's an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during strenuous physical activities leading to muscle fatigue. The chemical reaction of lactic acid fermentation is Pyruvic acid + NADH ↔ lactic acid + NAD+, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

When oxygen is present, pyruvic acid is used in aerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, it is converted into lactic acid via lactic acid fermentation. This conversion recycles the enzyme NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue and facilitate high-intensity energy output in short bursts. Lactic acid produced must be removed from the muscles through blood circulation and transported to the liver for further metabolism.

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