what did theodor schwann do??? for the cell theory (what is the theory)

The correct answer is option D, that is, magma is injected into surrounding rock producing an igneous intrusion.  

Magma refers to a semifluid or fluid substance within or underneath the crust of the Earth from which the formation of lava and other igneous rocks takes place by cooling. Igneous intrusion produces when the magma from beneath the Earth's surface is gradually pushed up to occupy the cracks or spaces between the rocks and solidifies and cools down prior of reaching to the Earth's surface.  

Answer:

5.25 g NaF  

Step-by-step explanation:

We know we will need a balanced equation with masses and molar masses, so let’s gather all the information in one place.  

M_r:           41.99

               Na₂SiO₃ + 8HF ⟶ H₂SiF₆ + 2 NaF + 3H₂O

n/mol:                         8  

(1) Calculate the moles of NaF

The molar ratio is 2 mol NaF/8 mol HF.

Moles of F = 0.500 mol HF × (2 mol Na₂SiO₃/8 mol HF)

Moles of Na₂SiO₃ = 0.125 mol Na₂SiO₃

(2) Calculate the mass of NaF

Mass of NaF = 0.125 mol NaF × (41.99 g Na₂SiO₃/1 mol Na₂SiO₃)

Mass of NaF = 5.25 g NaF

Answer:

The weights of all elements are always compared to the Carbon-12.

Explanation:

The weights of all elements are always compared to the Carbon-12 because the mass of carbon is 12 which is the exactly the sum of protons and neutrons.  

Oxygen was also considered the standard for some time but later this stander was rejected because in natural O¹⁷ and O¹⁸ were also present and this create the two different atomic mass tables.

AMU:

Atomic mass unit is define as the 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

C12 has six neutron and six protons in the nucleus.

This unit is used to express the masses of atoms. We know that masses of atoms are very small and we do not have any such type of balance that can measure very small quantity. So that is way we use this scale to measure small quantity. For example, according to this scale

relative atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.008 amu

relative atomic mass of oxygen is 15.999 amu

relative atomic mass of uranium is 238.0289 amu

relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.453 amu

Atomic weights are based on relative masses of atoms, with oxygen historically used as a standard. For instance, water's fixed composition reflects a constant ratio between hydrogen and oxygen, echoing the consistency and importance of atomic weights in chemistry.

The weights of all elements are defined relative to the atomic mass of other elements, and historically, oxygen was commonly used as the standard for comparison. Oxygen has an atomic weight of 16, which means if you compare it to hydrogen (the lightest element with an atomic weight close to 1), the ratio is 16:1. This is consistent with the Law of Multiple Proportions, where elements combine in simple whole number ratios.

For example, in water (H₂O), oxygen accounts for about 88.8% of the mass, and hydrogen about 11.2%, irrespective of the water's source or method of preparation. These percentages reflect the fixed mass ratio in which hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, demonstrating the consistency in atomic weights and the fixed nature of chemical compounds.

Atomic weights are determined through experiments and calculations and provide a basis for the quantification in chemical reactions. Precise measurements and experimental uncertainties limit the precision of these values, typically to four significant figures. Atomic weight is crucial for understanding the composition of molecules and for converting between masses of substances and moles during chemical calculations.

The statements 'An object can have only one type of energy at a time' and 'If an object has energy, it must be moving' are false. An object can possess more than one type of energy and doesn't necessarily need to be moving to contain energy. The statement 'All energy travels in waves' is not universally true as it does not apply to all types of energy.

The statements provided for evaluation are related to the concepts of energy and its properties. To answer these, we need to understand that energy manifests in different forms and an object can possess more than one type of energy at a time. Notably, the type of energy depends on the state of the object. For example, a ball held at a certain height has potential energy, yet when it falls and is in motion, it also has kinetic energy.

Firstly, the statement 'An object can have only one type of energy at a time' is false. As mentioned earlier, an object can possess both potential and kinetic energy, among other types.

Secondly, 'If an object has energy, it must be moving' is also false. An object does not have to be in motion to possess energy. For instance, a charged battery has electrical energy stored even though it is at rest.

Lastly, the statement 'All energy travels in waves' is not entirely true. While it's true for electromagnetic radiation like light and sound energy, it's not the case for potential or kinetic energy.

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Given : Density of Air is 1.19 gram per liter

[tex]\mathsf{\heartsuit\;\; Density\;of\;Air = \frac{Mass\;of\;Air}{Volume\;of\;Air}}[/tex]

Given : Mass of Sample of Air = 50 grams

[tex]\mathsf{\implies 1.19 = \frac{50}{Volume\;of\;Air}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Volume\;of\;Air = \frac{50}{1.19}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Volume\;of\;Air = 42\;Liter}[/tex]

Given : Dry Air is about 20.95% Oxygen by Volume

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Volume\;of\;Oxygen\;in\;42\;Liter\;of\;Air = 20.95\%\;of\;42\;Liter}[/tex]

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Volume\;of\;Oxygen\;in\;42\;Liter\;of\;Air = (\frac{20.95}{100})\times 42}[/tex]

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Volume\;of\;Oxygen\;in\;42\;Liter\;of\;Air = 0.2095 \times 42}[/tex]

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Volume\;of\;Oxygen\;in\;42\;Liter\;of\;Air = 8.8\;Liter}[/tex]

At STP : 22.4 Liter of Oxygen contains 6.023 × 10²³ Molecules of O₂

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Number\;of\;Oxygen\;Molecules\;in\;8.8\;Liter\;of\;Oxygen = (\frac{8.8 \times 6.023 \times 10^2^3}{22.4})}[/tex]

[tex]\mathsf{\implies Number\;of\;Oxygen\;Molecules\;in\;8.8\;Liter\;of\;Oxygen = 2.366 \times 10^2^3}}[/tex]

Final answer:

To calculate the number of oxygen molecules in a 50.0 g sample of air, determine the volume of air, calculate the moles of oxygen, and then convert moles to molecules using Avogadro's number.

Explanation:

To calculate the number of oxygen molecules in a 50.0 g sample of air, we first need to determine the volume of air. Given that the density of air is 1.19 g/L, we can calculate the volume using the formula:

Volume (V) = Mass (m) / Density (d)

Plugging in the values, we get:

V = 50.0 g / 1.19 g/L = 42.02 L

Next, we need to calculate the moles of oxygen in the sample. Oxygen makes up 20.95% of dry air by volume, so the volume of oxygen in the sample is:

Oxygen volume = 0.2095 x 42.02 L = 8.795 L

Now we can use Avogadro's law to calculate the number of oxygen molecules:

Number of oxygen molecules = Oxygen volume / Molar volume of oxygen

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), the molar volume of any gas is 22.4 L/mol. Therefore, the number of oxygen molecules in the 50.0 g sample of air is:

Number of oxygen molecules = 8.795 L / 22.4 L/mol = 0.393 mol

To convert moles to molecules, we use Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol):

Number of oxygen molecules = 0.393 mol x 6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol = 2.364 x 10²³ molecules

A reaction where one becomes two

2H202 --> 2H2O + O2

Final answer:

The general form of a decomposition reaction is AB ⇒ A + B.

Explanation:

The general form of a decomposition reaction is when a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. These products can be elements, compounds, or a mixture of both. A common way to represent a decomposition reaction is using the formula AB ⇒ A + B, where AB is the original compound and A and B are the simpler substances that are produced.

Decomposition reactions can release energy, often symbolized as AB ⇒ A + B, where AB represents the substrate, A and B are products, and the energy is released when covalent bonds within the substrate are broken. For example, the thermal decomposition of gaseous [tex]N_{2}[/tex] [tex]O_{5}[/tex] to  [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] and [tex]O_{2}[/tex] can be represented as [tex]2N_{2}O_{5}[/tex](g) ⇒ 4[tex]NO_{2}[/tex](g) + [tex]O_{2}[/tex](g). This demonstrates the breaking of bonds between components of a larger molecule to form smaller product molecules.

The ligand field diagram for octahedral complex is explained here.

In a free metal ion, all the five d-orbitals are degenerate (i.e, having equal energies). But according to crystal field theory, under the influence of ligand field, degenracy of d-orbital is destroyed and they split into two or more energy levels. The difference in energy between two sets of d-orbitals is called Crystal Field Splitting Energy (CFSE). The extent of splitting depends upon the strength of ligand. A strong ligand causes greater splitting whereas weak ligand causes smaller splitting.

In octahedral complex, under the influence of ligand field, degenerate five d-orbitals  split into two sets of orbitals -one is [tex]t_{2g}[/tex] and another one is [tex]e_{g}[/tex]. [tex]t_{2g}[/tex] orbital consists of [tex]d_{xy} , d_{xz} , d_{yz}[/tex] and [tex]e_{g}[/tex] orbital consists of [tex]d_{x^{2}-y^{2}  }  and   d_{z^{2} }[/tex] orbitals.

The crystal field splitting diagram for octahedral complex is attached here.

In the diagram, Δo is crystal field splitting energy (CFSE).

Nitrogen trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula NF3. This nitrogen-fluorine compound is a colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas. It finds increasing use as an etchant in microelectronics.

(If you mean by a gas of some sort)

Answer:

Nathan Feuerstein

Explanation:

A earthquakes because the plates will suddenly shift quickly or gring quickly causing the ground to move because of the tectonic plates.

The correct answer is A.Earthquakes. Hope it helps!!

Answer:

Mitosis

Explanation:

Each pH value with the correct description

1.Strong acid: 2 pH

2.Weak acid:6 pH

3.Strong base:13 pH

4.Weak base:8 pH

5.Neutral:7 pH

An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance capable of donating a proton or hydrogen ion to another substance while a base is a molecule capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from an acid.

Anything with a pH below 7 is acidic in nature while a pH above 7 is basic in nature, based on a pH scale point 0 to 14. This can be determined by testing using litmus paper.  When the paper turns red, it is an acid or while it turns blue, it is a base. 7 is neutral on the pH scale

When an acid reacts with a base, neutralization reaction results in the formation of salt and water, for example when HCL( Hydrochloric acid) which is a strong acid, NaOH (sodium hydroxide) which is strong base, it results in a salt (sodium chloride) and water.

Thus, each pH value with the correct description

1.Strong acid: 2 pH

2.Weak acid:6 pH

3.Strong base:13 pH

4.Weak base:8 pH

5.Neutral:7 pH

Learn more about Acids and bases, here:

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Answer:

116.3 kJ

Step-by-step explanation:

Three heat transfers are involved

q = Heat to warm ice + heat to melt ice + heat to warm water + heat to evaporate water + heat to warm steam

q =      q₁      +     q₂        +     q₃       +     q₄          +     q₅

q = mC₁ΔT₁ + mΔH_fus + mC₃ΔT₃ + mΔH_vap + mC₅ΔT₅

Step 1: Calculate q₁

m = 37.0 g

C₁ = 2.010 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹

ΔT₁ = T_f – T_i  

ΔT₁ = 0.0 – (-10.0)

ΔT₁ = 10.0 °C  

q₁ = 37.0 × 2.010 × 10.0  

q₁= 743.7 J

q₁= 0.7437 kJ

===============

Step 2. Calculate q₂

ΔH_fus = 334 J/g

q₂ = 37.0 × 334

q₂ = 12 360 J

q₂ = 12.36 kJ

===============

Step 3: Calculate q₃

C₃ = 4.179 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹

ΔT₃ = T_f – T_i  

ΔT₃ = 100 – 0  

ΔT₃ = 100 °C

q₃ = 37.0 × 4.179 × 100  

q₃ = 15 460 J

q₃ = 15.46 kJ

===============

Step 4. Calculate q₄

ΔH_vap = 2260 J/g

q₄ = 37.0 × 2260

q₄ = 83 620 J

q₄ = 83.62 kJ

===============

Step 5. Calculate q₅

C¬₅ = 2.010 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹

ΔT₅ = T_f – T_i  

ΔT₅ = 155.0 – 1000  

ΔT₅ = 55.0 °C

q₅ = 37.0 × 2.010 × 55

q₅ = 4090 J

q₅ = 4.090 kJ

===============

Step 6. Calculate q

q = 0.7437 + 12.36 + 15.46 + 83.62 + 4.090

q = 116.3 kJ

The heat required is 116.3 kJ.

Answer : The correct option is, (D)

Explanation :

Balanced reaction : Balanced reactions are those reactions when the number of different atoms of the element present in the reactant sides is equal to the product sides.

The given unbalanced reaction is,

[tex]Zn+K_2CrO_4\rightarrow K+ZnCrO_4[/tex]

The balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]Zn+K_2CrO_4\rightarrow 2K+ZnCrO_4[/tex]

Therefore, 1, 1, 2, 1 are the coefficients that would correctly balance this equation.

To balance the chemical equation Zn + K2CrO4 > K + ZnCrO4, the correct coefficients should be: 1 Zn, 1 K2CrO4, 2 K, and 1 ZnCrO4. Therefore, the answer is D. 1,1,2,1.

The balancing of chemical equations involves ensuring that there is an equal number of each type of atom on both sides of the reaction. This equality is fundamental to the Law of Conservation of Mass. In case of the equation Zn + K2CrO4 > K + ZnCrO4, here's how you balance the equation:

Therefore, the correct coefficients are: 1 Zn, 1 K2CrO4, 2 K, and 1 ZnCrO4, so the choice D. 1,1,2,1 is the correct one.

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In the given reaction, the reactant acid is NH4+ (ammonium ion) and its conjugate base is NH3 (ammonia).

In the reaction CH3COO- + NH4+ → CH3COOH + NH3, the reactant acid is NH4+ (ammonium ion) and its conjugate base is NH3 (ammonia). The proton donor or acid in the reactants is NH4+ as it loses a proton to become its conjugate base, NH3. On the other side, CH3COO- (acetate ion) gains a proton in the reaction to form CH3COOH (acetic acid), so CH3COO- is the conjugate base and CH3COOH is its corresponding acid in the reaction.

When identifying acids and bases in such reactions, one should look for the species that donates a proton and the species that accepts a proton. The donor is the acid and after donating a proton it becomes the conjugate base. Similarly, the acceptor is initially a base and becomes the conjugate acid after accepting a proton.

My thought would be B) gases.

I could be wrong but that's what i'd say

Answer:

D. Fluids

Explanation:

That would be electromagnetic waves .

They are of very  high energy.

The answer is; C

Due to the intense heat and pressure on the rocks, they undergo physical and chemical changes and become new types of rocks called metamorphic rocks. An example of this change is that small crystals may be squeezed into large crystals and the crystals may be rearranged.

Answer:

C) recrystallize; metamorphic

The rocks are smashed together causing them to recrystallize due to the intense heat and pressure from the colliding plates and eventually forming metamorphic rock.

the mass of ice taken = 10 g

the mass of water = 250 g

initial temperature of water = 20 C

the final temperature of water = 16. 8 C

specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g*K

the heat absorbed by ice to melt = heat loss by water

heat loss by water = mass X specific heat of water X change in temperature

heat loss by water = 250 X 4.18 X (20-16.8) = 3344 Joules

heat gained by ice = 3344 J

heat gained by ice = enthalpy of fusion X moles of ice

moles of ice = mass / molar mass = 10 / 18 = 0.56 moles

enthalpy of fusion = 3344 / 0.56 = 5971.43 J / mole

Explanation:

A mixture is a substance that contains two or more components which are mixed together but they are not chemically combined to each other.

For example, sand, salt and steel shavings in water is a mixture.

So, in order to separate its components we can do the following.

Step 1: Pass a magnet over the mixture to remove the steel. As this will remove steel from mixture.

After that, adding water will make a solution in which sand and salt are present.

Step 2: Add water to the sand/salt mixture and stir to dissolve the salt.

Step 3: Pour the mixture through a filter to separate the sand.

Step 4: Heat the mixture to evaporate the water.

Thus, we can conclude that correct order to separate the given mixture is 3, 4, 2, 1.

The best method for separating a mixture of sand, salt, and steel shavings is to add water and dissolve the salt, then filter out the sand particles, use a magnet to remove the steel shavings, and heat the mixture to evaporate the water.

The best method for separating a mixture of sand, salt, and steel shavings is as follows:

By adding water and stirring, the salt dissolves in the water. Then, pouring the mixture through a filter separates the sand particles from the liquid. Next, passing a magnet over the mixture allows the steel shavings to be attracted and separated. Finally, heating the mixture evaporates the water, leaving behind the separated components.

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AlF3 is ionic due to the metal and non metal combination. Well AlCl3 also has the same combination but the difference in electronegativity between Al and Cl is very minute causing Al to assume a covalent character. ... Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons to itself.

C-Cl bond is polar.

As Cl is more electronegative than C,  

Cl pulls the shared electrons towards its side making the C-Cl bond polar.

Polar meaning C gets a partial positive charge and Cl gets a partial negative charge. Thus C-Cl bond becomes polar.

CCl4 molecule is tetrahedral.

And its shape is symmetrical.

That means its similar on all corners or all planes and it can be cut into equal halves from any plane.

C-Cl bond is polar.But the C-Cl polairty gets cancelled out as its pulled equally from all sides.

Since the molecule is symmetrical CCl4 is non polar.  

The CCl4 molecule has polar covalent bonds but is symmetrical in shape, making it nonpolar. As a nonpolar molecule, CCl4 is hydrophobic and has low reactivity with polar substances.

The CCl4 molecule consists of one carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms. The bonds in CCl4 are polar covalent in nature because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon. However, the molecule is symmetrical in shape, with the carbon atom at the center and the four chlorine atoms surrounding it in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Due to its symmetrical shape, the CCl4 molecule is nonpolar. In a nonpolar molecule, the distribution of charges is balanced, meaning there is no separation of positive and negative charges. This is because the individual bond dipoles cancel each other out, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero.

The nonpolarity of CCl4 makes it hydrophobic, meaning it does not dissolve in water. It also has low reactivity with other polar substances, making it useful in certain applications such as as a cleaning solvent or refrigerant.

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Which of the following is a change in physical composition?it could be D. A brick being ground up into fine dust. as this is a change from one physical form to another                                                                                                                             Which of the following is a change in chemical composition?  would be A. A white precipitate forming as a result of the combination of two liquids. as this is a clear chemical change                                                                                What kind of bond would you expect between H, S and O?  i belive it would be D. Covalent                                                                                      

Which of the following is not one of the three processes of the hydrologic cycle?  this gose to B. Collection the water cycle has nothing to do with this so there for its not part of the cycle

He predicted them by the chemical similarities.

5 protons, 5 neutrons

The emperical formula can be calculated as follows:

mass :   4.12g of N            and        0.88g of H

moles:   4.12g/14.007       and        0.88g/1.008

moles:   0.294                   and        0.873

moles/smallest number:   (gives the ratio of atoms)

             0.294/0.294                and           0.873/0.294

                   1                               and             2.969

                    1                              and              3

The simplest ratio of N : H is 1 : 3

Hence the emperical formula is NH3

Explanation:

 1.   The emperical formula can be found by getting  the simplest ratio of atoms in a molecule.

2. To get the simplest ratio of atoms we find out the number of moles of each atoms in it.

3. From the number of moles of atoms we can find the simplest ratio of each atom by dividing the number of moles by the smallest number.

Answer: A) Ar

Explanation: Argon [Ar]  has an atomic no of 18 and the electronic configuration is:

Ar :[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^6[/tex]

Chlorine [Cl] has atomic no of 17 and thus the electronic configuration is :

Cl :[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]

Magnesium [Mg] has atomic no of 12 and thus the electronic configuration is :

Mg :[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^2[/tex]

Sodium has atomic no of 11 and thus the electronic configuration is :

Cl :[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^1[/tex]

As we move across a period the number of electrons are being added to the same shell but the number of protons increases, thus the electrons are being tightly held and thus the atomic radius keeps on decreasing.

Thus the smallest atom would have a tightly bound electron nearer to the nucleus. As argon is the last element of the period, it is the smallest in the period and thus largest amount of energy will be required to remove the outermost electron.

Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The energy necessary to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion is known as ionization energy.

This means that smaller is the size of an atom more amount of energy has to be supplied to it in order to remove the valence electron. This is because in small atom or element there will be strong force of attraction between the nucleus and electrons.

So, high amount of energy has to be supplied to remove the valence electrons.

For example, argon (Ar) is the smallest element out of the given options and also being a noble gas it is stable in nature.

Therefore, largest amount of energy has to be supplied to argon to remove its valence electron.

Thus, we can conclude that Ar atom would require the largest amount of energy to remove its outermost electron.

Answer:

21 kJ  

Step-by-step explanation:

The formula for the heat q is

q = mCΔT

Data:

m = 200 g; C = 4.184 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹

T₁ = 50. °C; T₂ = 25 °C

Calculations:

ΔT = T₂ - T₁

ΔT = 25 – 50.

ΔT = -25 °C

q = 200 × 4.184 × (-25)

q = -21 000 J     Convert to kilojoules

q = -21 kJ

The negative sign shows that energy is released, so the water has released 21 kJ of energy.

The concentration of Fe²⁺ is given as 0.250 M.

The volume of Fe²⁺ is given as 60.0 ml.

The concentration of Cr₂O₇²⁻ is given as 0.100 M.

The following is the reaction:

Cr₂O₇²⁻ (aq) + 6Fe²⁺ (aq) + 14H⁺ (aq) → 2Cr³⁺ (aq) + 6Fe³⁺ (aq) + 7H₂O (l)

1 mole of Cr₂O₇ reacts with 6 moles of Fe²⁺

The moles of Fe²⁺ present in the solution is:

Moles = Molarity × Volume

= 0.250 M × 60 ml × 1L / 1000 ml

= 0.015 ml

Thus, Fe²⁺ is producing 0.015 mol in the given reaction.

The volume of Cr₂O₇²⁻ required is:

1 mole of Cr₂O₇²⁻ = 6 moles of Fe²⁺

Molarity of Cr₂O₇²⁻ × volume of Cr₂O₇²⁻- = 1/6 moles of Fe²⁺ present in the reaction

Volume of Cr₂O₇²⁻ = 0.015 mol/0.600 mol/L

= 0.025L × 1000ml / 1L

= 25 ml

Hence, the volume of Cr₂O₇²⁻ needed is 25 ml.

In acidic solution, dichromate ion Cr2O72- can oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. The balanced redox equation is 6 Fe2+ (aq) + Cr2O72- (aq) + 14 H+ (aq) → 6 Fe3+ (aq) + 2 Cr3+ (aq) + 7 H2O (l). To find the volume of Cr2O72- required, we can use stoichiometry and given values.

In acidic solution, the dichromate ion Cr2O72- (aq) can oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. The balanced redox equation is:

6 Fe2+ (aq) + Cr2O72- (aq) + 14 H+ (aq) → 6 Fe3+ (aq) + 2 Cr3+ (aq) + 7 H2O (l)

To find the volume of 0.100 M Cr2O72- (aq) required, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction and the given concentration of Fe2+ (0.250 M) and volume (60.0 mL).

Let me know if you need help calculating the volume.

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True, as an acid is soap which is slick and tastes bitter.

Yes, true.

Acids have a bitter taste because of the presence of alkali...