Little albert's acquired fear of a white rat was a classic example of a(n) _____ response. classical counterconditioned conditioned emotional positively reinforced negatively reinforced

Answers

Answer 1
It is an example of Conditioned Emotional Response. It is a term in classical example of Pavlovian conditional research. It is the result of an associatin of a relatively neutral stimuls with a painful unconditional stimulus. Little Albert had no fear of white rats. But when a big sound accompanied with sight of white rat he became fearful. So the emotional response is conditioned.
Answer 2

Little Albert developed a conditioned emotional response to a white rat after it was repeatedly associated with a loud noise, demonstrating stimulus generalization when his fear extended to similar stimuli.

Little Albert's acquired fear of a white rat was a classic example of a conditioned response. In the experiments by Watson and Rayner, Little Albert was not originally afraid of the white rat or other furry objects. However, when the researchers paired the white rat with a loud noise (by striking an iron rod) causing Little Albert distress, he began to associate the white rat with the fear response initially elicited by the loud noise alone. Over time, the white rat alone elicited a fear response in the child, demonstrating a conditioned emotional response.

The Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) was the loud noise, the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) was the white rat, the Unconditioned Response (UCR) was the innate fear reaction to the loud noise, and the Conditioned Response (CR) was Little Albert's learned fear of the white rat. Subsequently, Little Albert began to fear items similar to the white rat such as a rabbit, a fur coat, and a Santa Claus mask, indicating stimulus generalization.


Related Questions

The Appalachian Mountains had what effect on the people of the thirteen original colonies?

Answers

The Appalachian Mountains were a physical barrier that prevented American colonists from settling west of the 13 original colonies during most of the 18th century. On the other side of the Appalachian Mountains were several different Native American tribes who already established their communities their.

Towards the middle of the 18th century, the American colonists began to develop the ability to travel west of these mountains, even though the British government forbid them to do so in the Proclamation of 1763. This had negative consequences, as white settlers struggled in their attempts to get pass these mountains and it caused tension between the British government and the colonists.

I believe the answer is: The mountains stopped expansion of the colonies

The terrain that exist in the mountains make it really hard for them to go over to create new colonies. Because of this, many settlers decided to stop their expansion on the mountain area and utilize the resources around to build various type of businesses (such as agricultural field, timber, farming, etc)

Kyree was in an automobile accident in which he suffered serious head trauma. when he regained consciousness he could not remember any new information and experiences that occurred since the accident. kyree likely had damage to which area of the limbic system?

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The hippocampus is part of the limbic system of the brain. It plays an important part in the ability of the brain to form new memories and damage to this important structure is one of the possible causes of Alzheimers and dementia. Traumatic brain injury from an accident can also damage the hippocampus, and create a loss of memory of the accident and an inability to form new memories since.

Research has shown that neurogenesis in adult rats can be enhanced by:

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The answer to this question is: living in an enriched environment.
Neurogenesis refers to the birth of neuron within an organism's stem cells. When living in an enhanced environment, the rats will be force to adapt with that environment, which will make them more used in creating more advanced decision compared to other rats, that leads to better neurogenesis quality.

What is the number one killer of teenagers? speeding reckless driving driving under the influence distracted driving and how often do they happen?

Answers

Teenagers are in the stage of having to develop a sense of having to prepare themselves of having to be mature and in adolescence, which means that they are probably not yet mature enough to know what they are doing and are capable of that makes them do things they want such as partying or hanging out with friends, in which this often happens that led them to do things such as having to drive under the influence because of peer pressure-- by this, it is likely the cause of things that get them killed.

The correct answer is B) driving under the influence.

The number one killer of teenagers is driving under the influence.

You need to pay attention to this information. Driving under the influence of alcohol or any illegal substance is indeed the number one killer of teenagers. Please, make it one of your daily "mantras:" do not drink and drive. When you are at your parties, do not drink alcohol and drive a car or any vehicle. This is a major risk and it's against the law. You put at risk your life and other people's life.

Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which:

Answers

There is only one husband and wife.

Mono meaning one

Gamy meaning marriage or something like that
Final answer:

Monogamy is a form of marriage in which an individual has only one spouse at a time. This is the standard form of marriage in many countries, particularly in Western societies.

Explanation:

Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which an individual has only one spouse at any given time. To give an example, if person A is married to person B, person A cannot also be married to person C unless A and B are divorced or unless B passes away, upon which A can then marry another person (person C).

This form of marriage is widely practiced around the world and is the legal form in many countries, especially in Western societies. There are, however, other forms of marriage, such as polygamy, where an individual may have multiple spouses at the same time.

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Gardner and his associates are known for proposing ________.

Answers

the theory of multiple intelligences
hello..!

the theory of multiple intelligence was proposed by Gardner and his associates.

#hope this helps u..!!#

Like most sciences, psychology has accepted as a standard for statistical significance the odds of 5 out of 100 that an observed result is

Answers

Psychologists believe that 5 out of 100 tests that an observed result is not the norm and irregular due to chance. Therefore, the psychologist needs a certain number of samples to be certain that an outcome is not just due to chance and is indicative of the norm.

Answer:due to chance

Explanation:I took the test

According to noam chomsky's theory, _____ is deaf infants' particular expression of the universal language acquisition device.

Answers

The answer is signing or sign language. As this is the expression or language that they use to communicate towards other people as they were not able to communicate using their tongues as they don't have any hearing or their hearing input is impaired.

Final answer:

Chomsky's theory suggests that deaf infants express the language acquisition device through sign language, showing an innate universal grammar that underlies all human language.

Explanation:

According to Noam Chomsky's theory, the language acquisition device (LAD) is a deaf infant's particular expression of the universal language acquisition device. Deaf infants, like their hearing counterparts, have an innate ability to acquire language due to the proposed universal grammar that underlies all human language. Chomsky's idea suggests that the human brain is pre-wired with a set of grammatical rules, or a universal grammar, that is expressed through sign language in deaf infants, demonstrating the LAD's role in language development even without audible speech.

The scientific method starts with _____ scienceforums

Answers

The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions. The first step is to ask a Question. This is when you ask a question about something that you observe. This usually begins with the 5Ws and 1H questions - How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where. 
Final answer:

The scientific method starts with an observation, leading to a question. This is followed by the development of a hypothesis and then an experiment to test this hypothesis. The data from this experiment is analyzed, either supporting or refuting the hypothesis.

Explanation:

The scientific method starts with an observation. This can often invoke curiosity in the scientist, leading to a question about what they have observed. Following this initial observation and question, a scientist conducts research on the topic at hand to formulate a clear, testable hypothesis. After developing a hypothesis, the scientist will then design and conduct an experiment to test their hypothesis. The data collected from this experiment is then analyzed, leading them to either confirm or refute their hypothesis. This entire process is iterative, often leading to additional questions, research, and experiments.

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The Spanish who lived and worked in missions often forced Native Americans to

Answers

The often forced Native Americans to convert to Christianity.

The Spanish who lived and worked in missions often forced Native Americans to change their languages, religion, and customs.So, the correct answer is C.

The Spanish who lived and worked in missions often forced Native Americans to change their languages, religion, and customs. This was a common practice during the period of Spanish colonization in the Americas. The Spanish missionaries aimed to convert the Native Americans to Christianity and imposed their own cultural and religious beliefs on the indigenous populations. This involved suppressing native languages, traditions, and customs in favor of Spanish language and Catholicism. The process of cultural assimilation and religious conversion was often carried out through force and coercion, which had a profound and lasting impact on the Native American communities in the region.

This forced cultural and religious change is a significant aspect of the history of colonization in the Americas, reflecting the complex and often exploitative relationships between European colonists and indigenous peoples during this era.

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Complete Question is:

The Spanish who lived and worked in missions often forced Native Americans to

A) gather food and water for them.

B) fight other colonists for them.

C) change their languages, religion, and customs.

D) moved farther into the forests area of Georgia.

Recent research indicates that __________ earlier than piaget expected infants actively search for hidden objects the first signs of problem solving by analogy emerge infants master the a–b object search toddlers engage in make-believe play

Answers

The answer that will complete the statement is,

"Recent research indicates that the first signs of problem solving by analogy emerge earlier than Piaget expected."

Piaget's cognitive development theory has four stages. The first stage is the sensorimotor, wherein he thought that mental representations are constructed by babies through sensorimotor activities. However, recent researchers now believe that babies have innate core domain of thoughts according to the core knowledge perspective. These domain of thoughts enables babies to grasp information and make sense of their experience that help them develop rapidly.

Final answer:

Infants demonstrate cognitive abilities earlier than Piaget predicted, showing understanding of object permanence and problem-solving skills at younger ages, influenced by their specific experiences and environment.

Explanation:

Recent research has updated some of Piaget's findings regarding cognitive development. Piaget suggested that object permanence, where an infant recognizes that objects still exist even when out of sight, manifested around 8 months. However, studies by Diamond (1985) and Baillargeon (1987) revealed that infants display an understanding of object permanence much earlier than Piaget expected. For instance, infants as young as 6 months could retrieve a hidden object after a short wait and showed surprise when objects disappeared unexpectedly at 3-4 months. This illustrates that problem-solving abilities can emerge sooner, depending upon the experiences and environmental interactions children are exposed to, like the children of pottery makers recognizing volume conservation at a younger age.

the looking-glass self describes how our self develops through what?
A. interaction with others
B. genetics
C. formal education
D. personality

Answers

The looking-glass self describes how our self develops through what?
A. interaction with others

The looking-glass self describes how our self develops through interaction with others. Thus the correct option is A.

What is the looking-glass self?

People who concentrate their sense of identity on how they think others perceive them are said to have a "looking-glass self." People judge their own importance and behavior by the opinions of others.

Here people use social interaction as a mirror which helps them to know different perspectives about their identity, behavior, and personality with the viewpoint of others that how others think about an individual.

It could give the impression that a person's ability to define oneself depends on the sociocultural context in which they were grown. It claims that we can imagine what someone else might be thinking about us and how it might alter how we appear or behave.

Therefore, option A is appropriate.

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Amber feels anxious almost all the time. she finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at their school, and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. she calls her husband almost everyday to find out when he will be home. she complains to her physician that she is always tired but cannot sleep or relax. amber's most likely diagnosis is

Answers

Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Depression. 

Why do you think that, both for proposing and for ratifying amendments to the constitution, the convention method is seldom used?

Answers

One of the major problems with using the convention method is that it opens the entire Constitution to amendment. This could lead to parts of the document not being ratified that are considered fairly important by today's standards: i.e., concepts like the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, which are currently used to level the playing field for minorities in areas such as voting and public accommodations.

Economic models what is the purpose of an economic model?

Answers

The purpose of a Economic Model is to shoe viral representation of consumers, business, or other economic behavior.

Hope this helps
Final answer:

The purpose of economic models is to assist economists in understanding economic issues, making predictions, explaining human behavior, and decision making by providing a simplified representation of complex economic theories and concepts.

Explanation:

The purpose of an economic model is to provide a simplified, graphical representation of economic theories and concepts. Economists use these models as vital tools to understand and analyze economic issues. They help in explaining human behavior, decision making, and predicting outcomes.

Often, these models use supply and demand curves to illustrate the concept of market equilibrium which shows how prices are relatively stable. However, it's crucial to note that theories and models are not direct illustrations of answers to problems. Instead, they serve as tools in determining the answers and understanding complex economic phenomena.

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How did Justinian gain the throne? (5 points)

Answers

HIS FATHER MADE HIM CO EMPEROR


Thousands of bills introduced in congress are never voted on why does this happen

Answers

The reason for this one is because the Congress doesn't have much time to deal with bills that they think is not good for the people.  All the member in the Congress can introduce bills, they undergo the legal process to be read and scheduled for the hearing. 
Because they "die" in committee
After the bills introduced in Congress, the Congress has to vote on it and decide whether the bill should be passed.
Before the bill got passed, the Congress has to put several things as consideration, such as the budget availability or whether the bill could be considered as constitutional.

main goal of taoism ?

Answers

people must try to be united with the course of nature in order to be in harmony with the natural course of the universe.

According to the “career coach: how to cultivate civility in the workplace” article, what is the best way to avoid interpersonal issues at the office?

Answers

The best way to avoid interpersonal issues in the office is to avoid the things that will contribute in issues in the office such as overindulgence for having things that are too enjoying could lead to interpersonal issues as this is one example of not having to take serious with the work that is being assigned to you in the office.

The empirical emphasis of today's psychology reflects the discipline's debt to the philosopher:

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The empirical emphasis of today's psychology reflects the discipline's debt to the philosopher Plato. Plato thought we should not rely on our senses to acquire knowledge about the world, since the world that is given to us by our senses is an imperfect copy of reality. To acquire true knowledge, we should rely on thought and reason, not on information that comes to us through imperfect senses.

What term did albert k. cohen use to describe lower-class youths who were unable to attain middle-class goals?

Answers

According to Albert K. Cohen, a role in the lower-class culture in which young men remain in their birth neighborhood, acquire families and menial jobs, and adjust to the demands of their environment. A disadvantaged youth who embraces the cultural and social values of the middle class and actively strives to be successful by those standards. This type of youth is embarking on an almost hopeless path, because he is ill-equipped academically, socially, and linguistically to achieve the rewards of middle-class life. The view that lower-class youths, whose legitimate opportunities are limited, join gangs and pursue criminal careers as alternative means to achieve universal success goals.

Native-born middle-class women under the leadership of carrie chapman-catt argued that they deserved the right to vote on account of their: question 2 options: birth in the united states. status as an educated and superior race. feminine sensibilities. service as volunteers during the civil war. identity as taxpayers.

Answers

During the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt, she has stated and regarded that the Native born middle class women can vote and have the right to vote if they were to be born in the United States as this will only gave them the right.

The correct answer is A) birth in the united states.

Native-born middle-class women under the leadership of Carrie Chapman-Catt argued that they deserved the right to vote on account of their: birth in the United States.

Carrie Chapman-Catt (1859-1947) was an American woman very committed to supporting the civil and voting rights of women in the United States.

By the 1900s, she led the National American Women Suffrage Association, and that is when she came up with the famous program called the "Winning Plan" to support the passing of the 19th Amendment that granted women the right to vote in America. This happened in 1920 and represented a major step in the history of civil rights in the country.

If costco plans on being successful in japan, whose citizens tend to take pride in being members of their family, circle of close friends, and their work organization, the warehouse club should focus on the _______________ cultural dimension.

Answers

If Costco plans on being successful in japan, whose citizens tend to take pride in being members of their family, circle of close friends, and their work organization, the warehouse club should focus on the  high- text cultural dimension.In this kind of culture  people tend to rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others

Though many believe that wilhelm wundt was the one who chose the term structuralism to refer to his approach to psychology, it was actually his student ________. this noted psychologist brought wundt's teachings to america and emphasized the study of the general adult mind.

Answers

The answer in the space provided is Edward B. Titchener, he is the student of Wilhem Wundt of which is the one responsible for chosing the term of structuralism of Wundt's approach in psychology. Edward has been taught by Wilhem about his views and ideas in structuralism.

Difference between scientific notation and engineering notation

Answers

The engineering notation follows the metric system and the scientific notation does not, I hope this helped. Enjoy The Rest Of Your Day!

The scientific notation does not adhere to the metric system, while the engineering notation does.

What is scientific notation?

Using scientific notation, one can express extremely big or extremely small values. When a number between 1 and 10 is multiplied by a power of 10, the result is represented in scientific notation. For instance, 650,000,000 can be represented as 6.5 108 in scientific notation.

Always set the base to 10. The exponent must be an integer that is non-zero, therefore it can either be positive or negative. The coefficient's absolute value is more than or equal to 1, but it must be less than 10. Positive and negative numbers, including whole and decimal values, can be coefficients.

Using scientific notation, one can express extremely big or extremely small values. When a number between 1 and 100 is used, it is written in scientific notation.

Thus, The scientific notation does not adhere to the metric system

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The same people are retested over a long period in a ________ study.

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A longitudinal study retests the same people repeatedly over a period of time. The study is repeated with the same variables, sometimes the same people, over years.

How did the government the framers designed focus on national rather than individual interests

Answers


The idea of government comes from different proposed origin. As it progressed, the function of government was to govern and manage people that lives under a specific location, time and place. Instead of focusing individually, the time when the conception of government was proposed, society was focused more on groups than individuals hence placed more importance to society than individual as a whole.

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Answers

Because Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory.
This will make people have the tendency to remember those experiences as a instinctive response in order to handle the experience better in case that we have to face those kind f experiences again in the future.

Final answer:

Strong emotions stimulate the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that enhance memory strength, as explained by arousal theory. This results in vivid flashbulb memories, particularly of stressful or significant events, because of evolutionary purposes that made remembering threats critical for survival. Emotions thus play a vital role in memory and thought processes.

Explanation:

The question addresses why strong emotions lead to the formation of more robust memories compared to weaker emotional experiences. This is explained by arousal theory, which suggests that intense emotional experiences lead to the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory formation. A well-known example of this effect is the flashbulb memory phenomenon, where individuals can vividly recall details of significant events.

When under stress, the brain releases more of the neurotransmitter glutamate, which plays a crucial role in memory consolidation. This mechanism is part of our evolutionary development, which prioritized remembering threatening situations that could affect survival more than positive experiences. The flashbulb memory phenomenon illustrates this tendency, as people often remember where they were and what they were doing during impactful events.

Emotions not only color our memories but also influence our thoughts and beliefs, serving as the affective foundation for how we view the world. This interconnection demonstrates why emotions are pivotal in forming lasting memories.

Creating a task force to implement regulations about making medicines safe for citizens is an example of what? (1 point)

a) judicial power

b) executive power

c) legislative power

d) military power

Answers

The answer to this question is: B. executive power
The executive branch in the goverment is responsible to implement all laws and regulations that's created by the legislative branch.
This include helping citizens during disaster, providing welfare, security from potential terrorist attack, etc

Today, approximately _____ of americans trust the national government "to do the right thing most of the time."

Answers

The answer is 10 percent. Because the first reason is, too many people think that government do not works fairly or effectively. The second reason is, politicians not view their primary function in Washington. The last one is, the American values should be believed by the young people by the government. For this the government take proper steps.
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