Answer:
It is usually the first branch of the cladogram
Explanation:
Since outgroup is group of organisms that do not share characteristic with other groups (or share it a little), this means that this group is at least related group with other in cladogram.
Cladistic classification is classification in which organisms are put in group based on their shared characteristics and the most recent common ancestor. So, organisms of the same group are are closely related. Cladistic analysis are methods for the estimation of relationships among organisms and it includes the use of data on the traits of those organisms. The result of cladistic analysis is a diagram-tree which is called cladogram. Cladogram represents relations among organisms.
During cellular respiration, organisms convert chemical energy in the form of ___, into chemical energy in the form of ___
Answer:
chem. energy, form of amino acids, INTO form of DRNA
Explanation:
cells use both these types of energy for c.respiration...and protein synthesis...
Which statements describe film badges? check all that apply. an amplifying device that indicates the presence of ionizing particles a device that permits determination of the concentration of radioisotopes in the body or other substance film sensitive to radiation that is removed and developed to measure exposure a device used for monitoring individual cumulative exposure to ionizing radiation?
Answer:
Explanation:
Film sensitive to radiation that is removed and developed to measure exposure
A device used for monitoring individual cumulative exposure to ionizing radiation
Film badges are used to monitor and measure individual exposure to ionizing radiation by showing levels of fogging on a film that indicates the amount of radiation exposure.
They contain film sensitive to radiation that fogs up when exposed, with the amount of fogging being proportional to the radiation level. Film badges are worn by individuals who may be exposed to radiation, and they are regularly developed and checked to measure the exposure. These badges include different absorbers to determine the type and amount of radiation penetration. While film badges are a simple detection method, they are not very sensitive to low levels of radiation. More sophisticated devices, such as those utilizing crystals, tend to be more sensitive and reliable.
how many chambers in a frog heart?
Answer:
A frogs heart has 3 chambers. Two atria and a single ventricle.
Answer:
Ah, easy! I study frogs, ya know. Okay, so a frog's heart has chambers! I read it in a National Geographic animal encyclopedia. Credit Dr. Lucy Spelman.
Explanation:
Here's some other facts - The heart is dark red, The chambers include two atria and one ventricle. I could go one forever, but I won't. Hope you get an A+!
Digestion begins when salivary gland secretion enters what?
Answer:
Mouth
Explanation:
Digestion is the breakdown of food into small pieces that the body can absorb and use. Similarly, the process of digestion begins in the mouth by chewing (mastication). Thus, secretion of the saliva by the salivary gland dissolves some the chewed food and facilitates its passage through the digestive tract.
What happens to the water that is left behind after evaporation?
Answer:I gets less dense
Explanation:When you leave it out, it is going to get less dense. For example, if you have a toy car and it got less dense than water, it would float. If the toy car was more dense than the water, it would sink. The denser something is, the heavier. The less dense it is, the lighter.
the human immune system defends the body from pathogens.which of the following are parts of the human immune system ( need help ASAP)
a.) skins, neurons, muscle cells, pancreas
b.) mucous, urine, kidney
c.) skin, lymph nodes, white blood cells, and spleen
d.) white blood cells and red blood cells
Answer:
Im pretty sure it is C.
Explanation:
I also believe it is C.
All of these organs, skin, lymph nodes, white blood cells, and spleen, act to enhance human immunity.
Which of these animals has only one ear? Mole lemur praying mantis snail
Answer:
The animal with only one ear is PRAYING MANTIS.
Explanation:
The praying mantis belongs the class insecta. Its body parts is divided into head, thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae. A praying mantis also has one ear, which is located on the center part of its chest. With the help of this one ear, the praying mantis is capable of hearing ultrasonic sounds that are above 20,000 Hertz.
Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the
Answer:
plasma membrane of the target cell
Explanation:
There are two main types of acetylcholine (ACh)receptors:
muscarinic ACh receptors (because muscarin as agonist) which are G-protein coupled receptors that initiate slow response. Mostly, they are located in the central nervous system-CNS (involved in the release of neurotransmitters), heart (control of the heart rate), smooth muscles (contraction).nicotinic ACh receptors (nicotin is agonist) which are ligand-gated ion channels involved in the fast response. They are located at neuromuscular junctions but also in CNS (involved in synaptic transmission between two neurons).What advantage do organisms that reproduce sexually have over organisms that reproduce asexually?
What are the three main stages of the cell cycle
Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
The elbow joint is extremely stable because
The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock, the articular capsule is very thick, the capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments
The elbow joint is highly stable due to its design as a uniaxial joint and the support it receives from various ligaments that prevent side-to-side movements and resist hyperextension. These include the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments and the annular ligament that supports the head of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint.
Explanation:The elbow joint is extremely stable due to its design and supporting structures. It is a uniaxial joint that allows for flexion and extension of the forearm. The stability of the elbow joint comes from the way the slightly rounded end of one bone fits into the slightly hollow end of the other bone, as seen in joints.
The elbow includes the humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint. Its stability is further enhanced by several ligaments, including the ulnar collateral ligament, and the radial collateral ligament which support the medial and lateral sides of the elbow respectively, preventing side-to-side movements and resisting hyperextension of the elbow.
Moreover, the proximal radioulnar joint, which is a pivot joint allowing for rotation of the radius during forearm pronation and supination, is supported by the annular ligament that surrounds the head of the radius to hold it in place. These attributes contribute to the high stability of the elbow joint.
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A mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of an enzyme
A) may alter the ability of a noncompetitive inhibitor to bind to the enzyme.
B) may change the substrate specificity of the enzyme.
C) may alter the ability of an allosteric regulator to alter enzyme activity.
D) may alter the ????G for the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.
Answer:i think it would be c
Explanation:
A mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of an enzyme may change the substrate specificity of the enzyme.
The active site of an enzyme is the region where the substrate binds and is converted into the product. The amino acids in the active site are specifically chosen to interact with the substrate and to catalyze the reaction.
A mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of an enzyme may change the shape of the active site and prevent the substrate from binding. This can change the substrate specificity of the enzyme, meaning that the enzyme will only be able to catalyze the reaction with a different substrate.
The other answer choices are incorrect.
Option A is incorrect because a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site of the enzyme.Option C is incorrect because an allosteric regulator binds to a site on the enzyme that is separate from the active site.Option D is incorrect because the ∆G for a reaction is determined by the free energies of the reactants and products, and is not affected by a mutation in the enzyme.To know more about the Enzyme, here
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What is the main difference between the two hypotheses for the origin of the eukaryotic cell?
Answer:
The main difference between the two hypotheses for the origin of the eukaryotic cell is whether the nucleus appear before or after the endosymbiotic event
Explanation:
There are two major hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotic cell (cell withe the membrane-bound organelles and nucleus):
Hypothesis 1 or Archaezoan hypothesis- this hypothesis suggest that the eukaryotes with nucleus appeared prior to the endosymbiotic eventsHypothesis 2 or Symbiotic hypothesis- this hypothesis suggest that endosymbiotic event lead to the formation of eukaryotic cell (prokaryotic cell engulfed other prokaryotes aerobic bacteria, which became mitochondrion/chloroplast) but that nucleus was formed after the event.The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light are: select one:
a. red, green, and yellow
b. orange, green and purple
c. red, blue and yellow
d. blue, green and red
Answer:
D
Explanation:
These colors are also referred to as primary colors. When mixed in different proportions, they can produce a variety of secondary and tertiary colors and this is how the human eye is also to perceive many colors even with only these three eye pigments.
The correct option is d.
The three sets of color receptors or cone cells within the retina are sensitive to blue, green, and red light. They work together, sending information to the brain to perceive a wide range of color.
Explanation:The three sets of color receptors within the retina, also known as cone cells, are sensitive to three primary colors: blue, green, and red. This corresponds to option d. These cells work together to allow our eyes to perceive a wide range of color. For instance, when both red and green cones are activated, we perceive the color yellow. The information captured by these color receptors is sent to the brain, which processes the data to create the colorful world we perceive around us.
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In the peas plants the allele for green pod color (g) dominates the allele for yellow pod color (g).The punnet square illustrates a cross for this trait.Which offspring can be described by these genotypes and phenotypes?
G G g
g GG Gg
g Gg gg
GG=
A.Homozygous offspring with yellow pod color
B.Homozygous offspring with green pod color
C.heterozygous offspring with yellow pod color
gg=
A.Homozygous offspring with yellow pod color or
B.Homozygous offspring with green pod color
C.heterozygous offspring with yellow pod color
Answer:
GG= B. Homozygous offspring with green pod color
gg= A. Homozygous offspring with yellow pod color
Explanation:
According to the given information, the allele for the green pod color (G) is dominant over the allele for the yellow pod color (g). A genotype that has two identical alleles for a gene is called homozygous for the gene. On the other hand, the genotype that has one dominant and one recessive allele for a gene is heterozygous for the gene.
The genotype "GG" has two identical alleles for the gene of pod color. Hence, the offspring would be homozygous with green pods.
The genotype "gg" also has two identical alleles for pod color. But here, the alleles are recessive. Hence, the offspring would be homozygous with yellow pods.
Answer:
GG-b
gg-a
Explanation:
How long is hepatitis b virus capable of surviving in a dried state on environmental surfaces?
The answer is one week
1. A future offspring has just been conceived. When does it have the highest level of potency?
A. Pluripotency
B. Totipotency
C. Unipotency
D. Multipotency
Totipotent cells represent the stage where a future offspring has the highest level of potency, being able to differentiate into any cell type in an organism. option B) is the correct answer.
A future offspring that has just been conceived exhibits its highest level of potency at the stage known as totipotency. This stage refers to the ability of a single cell to develop into all the cell types of an organism, including both the somatic cells and the placenta.
Totipotent cells are present at the earliest stages of embryonic development, specifically in the fertilized egg itself and the first few cells that result from its division. As development progresses, cells become pluripotent, then multipotent, oligopotent, and eventually unipotent, reflecting a decrease in their potential to differentiate into different cell types.
The various hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulate the secretion of hormones from other endocrine organs are called __________.
Answer:
tropic hormones
Explanation:
Anterior pituitary is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It is also called the adenohypophysis. The secretions of the adenohypophysis are involved in the contol of many biological fuunctions: growth, stress, reproduction etc. Two major groups of hormones from the adenohypophysis are:
Tropic hormones-regulate the secretion of hormones from other endocrine organs (Thyroid-stimulating hormone-TSH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, Luteinizing hormone LH, Follicle-stimulating hormone-FSH)Trophic hormones-regulate the growth (TSH-stimulates the growth of thyroid gland and ACTH which stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex).Which of the following causes populations to shift most quickly from an exponential to a logistic population growth?
a. favorable climatic conditions
b. removal of predators
c. decreased death rate
d. competition for resources
Answer:
d. competition for resources
Explanation:
Exponential population growth is a growth which constantly increase (growth rate is the same no matter how large population is). It is the type of growth in which resources are unlimited (that is rare case) and a great example is bacterial growth. On the other hand, logistic growth decrease as resources become limited. Carrying capacity is the limit that population reaches.
So, when there is competition for resources in the population, at a certain point of time population will reach its carrying capacity and limit the growth.
Exponential growth is represented with J-shape, while logistic is represented with S-shape.
Competition for resources causes populations to shift most quickly from exponential to logistic growth.
Explanation:The correct answer is d. competition for resources. In a population, as resources become limited, individuals must compete with one another for those resources. This competition leads to a decrease in the availability of resources, which in turn slows down population growth and causes a shift from exponential to logistic population growth.
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A measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs in a population is known as the
Answer:
allele frequency
Explanation:
Allele frequency describes how often an allele appears in a population. This measure is usually expressed in percentage. Allele frequency can describe the variation that exist within the population. It can be calculated as the number of alleles divided with the total number of gene copies in that population.
Change in allele frequencies over a certain short period of time is defined as microevolution. Mechanisms of evolution that can change allele frequencies through time are mutations, natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow (migrations).
Allele frequency is a term in genetic biology that represents how common a particular allele is within a certain population. It's calculated by dividing the number of occurrences of a specific allele by the total number of alleles in a population.
Explanation:A measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs in a population is known as the allele frequency. This term is fundamental in measures of genetic diversity within a population in the field of genetic biology. For instance, if an allele for blue eyes has a high frequency in a specific population, then blue eyes would be a common trait in that population.
The allele frequency is typically calculated by dividing the number of instances of a specific allele by the total number of all alleles for the same gene in the given population. It is expressed as a decimal or percentage.
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Genetic inheritance is being studied in a certain species of plant in which orange flower color (O) is dominant to white (o) and round leaf shape (S) is dominant to oval (s). A true-breeding orange-flowered, round-leaved male plant (Plant A) is mated with a true-breeding white-flowered, oval-leaved female plant (Plant B) to produce dihybrid offspring plant (Plant C). Assuming normal Mendelian genetics and independent inheritance of these two traits, which gametes might be produced by Plant C?
Answer:
OS, Os, oS, os
Explanation:
To do this, first we need to determine what the genotype of the Plant C offspring is. Since the parents are both true bred, this means that their offspring will get one allele of each parent, of each trait.
Here's a Punnett to help you there
OOSS x ooss
os os os os
OS OoSs OoSs OoSs OoSs
OS OoSs OoSs OoSs OoSs
OS OoSs OoSs OoSs OoSs
OS OoSs OoSs OoSs OoSs
So Plant C would have a genotype of OoSs.
A good trick to determining the gametes of a dihybrid, is the FOIL method. Just like in math, F- first, O-outside, I- inside, and L-Last
Look at the attachment to see the FOIL method:
"The correct answer is that Plant C might produce the following gametes: OS, Os, oS, and os.
To understand why these are the possible gametes produced by Plant C, we need to consider the genetic makeup of both parent plants and how these traits are inherited according to Mendelian genetics.
Plant A, which is true-breeding for orange flowers and round leaves, has the genotype OOSS. Plant B, which is true-breeding for white flowers and oval leaves, has the genotype ooss.
When Plant A (OOSS) is crossed with Plant B (ooss), the dihybrid offspring Plant C will receive one allele from each parent for each trait. Since the traits are independently inherited, we can look at each trait separately.
For the flower color trait:
- Plant C will receive an O allele from Plant A and an o allele from Plant B, resulting in the genotype Oo for flower color.
For the leaf shape trait:
- Plant C will receive an S allele from Plant A and an s allele from Plant B, resulting in the genotype Ss for leaf shape.
Combining these two traits, Plant C will have the genotype OoSs.
During gamete formation (meiosis), Plant C will produce gametes that carry one allele from each gene pair. For the flower color gene, Plant C can produce gametes with either the O or the o allele. For the leaf shape gene, Plant C can produce gametes with either the S or the s allele.
Therefore, the possible combinations of gametes that Plant C might produce are:
- OS (carrying the dominant orange flower and round leaf alleles)
- Os (carrying the dominant orange flower and recessive oval leaf alleles)
- oS (carrying the recessive white flower and dominant round leaf alleles)
- os (carrying the recessive white flower and oval leaf alleles)
These gametes represent all the possible allele combinations that Plant C can pass on to its offspring, given its genotype of OoSs."
List two factors that determine where an organism lives in an aquatic ecosystem
Temperature, oxygen levels, sunlight, food, shelter are many examples you can choose from
An aquatic ecosystem is a type of ecosystem in which the organisms live enclosed in a water body like a river, seas, and oceans. The factors like shelter, temperature, and oxygen have an impact on the ecosystem.
The factors that determine where an organism lives are:
1. Oxygen amount in the water determines the survival of aquatic organisms. the dissolved oxygen when reduced or becomes very low, the aquatic animals cannot survive.
2. Temperature plays a crucial role in the solubility of oxygen and other gases. The cold temperatures will lead to the death of organisms.
Thus, oxygen and temperature play a crucial role in the aquatic ecosystem.
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List all of the blood vessels necessary to move blood from one of the structures listed below back to the heart.
Answer:
im waiting on an answer aswell.
Explanation:
The amount of energy your body uses to maintain body functions during complete rest at room temperature is called
Metabolism (aka basal metabolic rate)!
How I remember this is the amount of energy someone in a coma would need to maintain a healthy weight
Hope this helped!
~Someone who loves Shawn Mendes very much
How can blocked coronary arteries lead to a myocardial infarction?
Answer: Myocardial infarction is said to occur when the amount of circulated blood that get to certain part of the heart decreases or blood did not get to those areas at all. This usually lead to the destruction of the heart muscles. Another term for myocardial infarction is heart attack. Myocardial infarction usually occur as a result of blocked coronary arteries. Coronary arteries are the ones responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscles. These coronary arteries can become narrowed or blocked as a results of atherosclerosis. When the arteries are blocked, it becomes impossible to get oxygenated blood to the heart and this leads to myocardial infarction.
Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?
A)energy
B)oxygen
C)light
D)lactic acid
B) oxygen
Respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues
Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP through the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. Hence, the correct option is A.
During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to produce these products along with energy in the form of ATP.
Another important product of cellular respiration is the net total of 36 or 38 molecules of ATP that can be generated from one molecule of glucose under aerobic conditions.
Cellular respiration is a key process in cells where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a recessive genetic disorder that includes the characteristics of short stature and extra fingers or toes. In the general population, this syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 150,000 live births. In a particular isolated population, however, the incidence of this syndrome among live births is 1 in 500.Assume that both the isolated population and the general population are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this syndrome. Which of the following best describes the difference between the frequency of the allele that causes the syndrome in the general population and the frequency of the allele in the isolated population?A. The frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele is 0.002 in the isolated population and 0.0000066 in the general population,which suggests that selection for this trait is occurring in both populations.B. The frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele is 0.0447 in the isolated population and 0.0026 in the general population, showing that the rate of genetic mutation is highest among individuals in the isolated population.C. The frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele is 0.002 in the isolated population and 0.0000066 in the general population, which demonstrates gametic incompatibility between the populations.D. The frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele is 0.0447 in the isolated population and 0.0026 in the general population, which suggests that genetic drift has occurred in the isolated population.
Answer:
D. The frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele is 0.0447 in the isolated population and 0.0026 in the general population, which suggests that genetic drift has occurred in the isolated population.
Explanation:
If we assume that one gene is involved in Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and we name that gene with A, then the genotype of the syndrome would be aa.
In population 1, the frequency of the syndrome is 1/150000=0.0000066(it is the frequency of the aa gentotype)
In population 2, the frequency of the syndrome is 1/500=0.002
According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
p2+2pq+q2=1 (p2 is the frequency of the dominant homozygous, 2pq is the frequency of heterozygous and q2 is the frequency of the recessive homozygous).
q or the frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele in Population 1 is [tex]\sqrt{0.0000066}[/tex] =0.0026
q or the frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele in Population 2 is [tex]\sqrt{0.002}[/tex] = 0.0447
The study of genes is called genetics. According to Charles Darwin, the gradual changes in the species over the period of time are called evolution.
The correct answer to the question is option D that is The frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele is 0.0447 in the isolated population and 0.0026 in the general population, which suggests that genetic drift has occurred in the isolated population.
What is the hardy Weinberg rule?In population genetics, the Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.In population 1, the frequency of the syndrome is 1/150000=0.0000066(it is the frequency of the aa genotype)In population 2, the frequency of the syndrome is 1/500=0.002According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
[tex]p^2+2pq+q^2=1 [/tex] where
[tex]p^2[/tex] is the frequency of the dominant.2pq is the frequency of heterozygous.[tex]q^2[/tex] is the frequency of the recessive.q or the frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele in Population 1 is =0.0026.
q or the frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele in Population 2 is
=0.0447
Hence, the correct answer is described above.
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Which of the following statements about the role of the neuronal workspace in executive control is FALSE? It allows one to create new ideas and rise above habit. It prevents activity from occurring in multiple areas of the brain, to avoid confusion. The workspace allows the executive to detect conflict that may arise from competing demands or goals. The workspace links other active areas of the brain, allowing for the “executive” to make decisions about current processing.
Answer:
It prevents activity from occurring in multiple areas of the brain, to avoid confusion.
A yeast cell that forms a bud is called the "mother cell." Why is there no mother cell after a paramecium divides?
Answer: A)
Explanation:
A small creek runs through a mature forest, keeping the soil around the creek damp all year. A variety of ferns and several flowering plants thrive in this shady, moist area. Along the higher ground above the creek, many species of flowering plants that need less water grow. If a farmer diverted the creek to water his fields, causing the creek to dry up, what would be the most likely long-term consequence for the ferns and angiosperms in the forest?
A. The ferns would outcompete the angiosperms in the forest since they can tolerate a wider range of moisture conditions than angiosperms.
B. The angiosperms and the ferns would not be affected since their thick, waxy cuticle coverings would protect them from drying out.
C. The angiosperms would outcompete the ferns since their sperm do not need moist conditions to get to their eggs as ferns do.
D. The ferns and angiosperms would begin to produce spores instead of seeds since the spores are better able to survive dry conditions.
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
Because the fern can tolorate less water.
Answer:
C. The angiosperms would out-compete the ferns since their sperm do not need moist conditions to get to their eggs as ferns do.
Explanation:
Ferns release their ciliated sperms in water which swim and travel to the archegonia to reach the egg cell. However, angiosperms do not need water for reproduction. They use pollinating agents to mount the pollen on stigma. Hence, in the lower water supply to the creek would not allow reproduction of ferns and angiosperms would out-compete.