The presence of atom or molecules was proven already by scientific experiments by Rutherford, Dalton etc. There is no simple experiment by which we can prove that a substance is made of atoms. But we can observe it using Brownian motion.
What is atomic theories?There are various theories proposed by scientists regarding the structure and properties of atoms and they discovered the presence of sub-atomic particles electrons, protons and neutrons.
The presence of charged particles inside an atom is discovered by Rutherford using Gold-foil experiment. Similarly J.J Thomson discovered the electrons first.
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles which are suspended in a medium of liquid or gas. This motion is a proof of molecular vibration and thereby the presence of atoms or molecules.
By the immersing particle of inorganic matter in water we can observe the Brownian motion easily provided no external force is affected.
Therefore, in fact by these simple observations we can have a believe in atoms.
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A hydrogen ion, H+, is the same as a....
PLEASEEE
It is the same as a proton. That is why, if hydrogen was a molecule not an ion, one electron is needed to 'cancel' out the proton.
A hydrogen ion, H+, is essentially a proton and in an aqueous solution, it is better represented as a hydronium ion, H3O+, showing its association with water molecules.
Explanation:A hydrogen ion, H+, is often referred to as a proton because it is a hydrogen atom that has lost its lone electron. However, we do not find bare protons in an aqueous solution since they are typically attracted to water molecules, forming hydronium ions (H3O+). The representation of H3O+ is more accurate for how a hydrogen ion exists in water. While in many chemical reactions, H+ and H3O+ are treated equivalently, the latter shows our understanding that protons are associated with water molecules, and not free-floating.
True or False: Water molecules "stick together" due to hydrogen bonds.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
To begin with,
Hydrogen bonds are attractions that contain a force caused by the difference in charge. This is due to the positive hydrogen ions as well as slightly negative ions. Therefore, hydrogen bonds make water molecules 'sticky.' To add, the attractions between hydrogen bonds are weaker than ionic and covalent bonds but strong enough to cause them to 'stick together'
Hope this helps.
Is the melting of Arctic ice an example of
positive feedback or negative feedback?
Explain
Answer:
here is your answer buddy
Ice-albedo feedback is a strong positive feedback in the climate system. Warmer temperatures melt persistent ice masses in high elevations and upper latitudes. Ice reflects some of the solar energy back to space because it is highly reflective.
Explanation:
please mark me as brilliant
How many molecules are in 49.0 g of H2SO4? Answer in units of molec.
Answer:
= 3.01× [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
Explanation:
1 mole of [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex] - 98g
? moles of [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex] - 49g
= 49 ÷ 98 = 0.5 moles of O2 in 49g.
But 1 mole of any substance = 6.023 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules
∴ 0.5 moles = 0.5 × 6.023 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules
= 3.01× [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.
What are the ways in which energy conversion can occur?
Answer:
Energy can exist in many forms within a system and may be converted from one form to another within the constraint of the conservation law. These different forms include gravitational, kinetic, thermal, elastic, electrical, chemical, radiant, nuclear, and mass energy.
Explanation:
Energy can exist in many forms within a system and may be converted from one form to another within the constraint of the conservation law. These different forms include gravitational, kinetic, thermal, elastic, electrical, chemical, radiant, nuclear, and mass energy.
Energy can be converted from one form to another; Mechanical energy to electrical energy, Electrical energy to chemical energy.
Principle of conservation of energy
The principle of conservation of energy states that, energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another.
Conversion of energy from one form to anotherMechanical energy to electrical energy: This occurs when a generator is used to produce electricity.Electrical energy to chemical energy: This occurs when current is used to slit or deposite molecules in electrolysisChemical energy to electrical energy: This occurs when chemical energy from a battery is usued to power a torch light.Learn more about energy conversion here: https://brainly.com/question/961052
what type of bonding is shown in the diagram
Answer:
Covalent Bond
Explanation:
In the diagram Carbon and each of the 4 Hydrogens are sharing electrons. They are also both non metals. Both of these are characteristics of Covalent Bonds.
The type of bonding shown in the diagram is a Covalent bond. Covalent
bonding involves sharing of electrons between two elements.
Covalent bonding is necessary in the formation of new compounds and in
their attainment of a stable configuration.
In this scenario, the compound is known as methane (CH₄). The carbon atom
shares electrons with the Hydrogen atoms which helps them form the
compound CH₄ .
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How many moles of magnesium nitrate are in 6.35 grams of magnesium nitrate?
Answer:
0.0428 moles
Explanation:
6.35 g Mg(NO3)2 ×
[tex]\frac{1 \: mol}{148.32 \: g} [/tex]
6.35 g / 148.32 g
0.0428 moles
According to mole concept, there are 0.0428 moles of magnesium nitrate in 6.35 grams of magnesium nitrate.
What is a mole?Mole is defined as the unit of the amount of substance . It is the quantitative measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given amount of substance.
It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom or ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities present in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.
It is widely used in chemistry as a suitable way for expressing amounts of reactants and products.For the practical purposes, mass of one mole of compound in grams is approximately equal to mass of one molecule of compound measured in Daltons. Molar mass has units of gram per mole . In case of molecules, where molar mass in grams present in one mole of atoms is its atomic mass.Number of moles=mass/molar mass= 6.35/148.3=0.0428 moles.
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Which is an example of a natural disaster limiting population growth?
Answer:
A hurricane wiping out a new species of flower in the tropical rain forests of Brazil.
Explanation:
A chemist is analyzing a substance known to be an Arrhenius acid. Which of the following substances could it be?
a) HNO3
b) H2O
c) KOH
d) NH3
Answer:
HNO3
Explanation:
Nitric Acid is an example of an Arrhenius acid.
Final answer:
HNO₃ (nitric acid) is the only substance among the listed options that qualifies as an Arrhenius acid as it increases the concentration of H+ ions in aqueous solutions.
Explanation:
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in water, which usually results in the formation of hydronium ions (H₃O+). Given the choices provided, the substance that qualifies as an Arrhenius acid is HNO₃ (nitric acid). This is because HNO₃ dissociates in water to produce H+ ions and NO₃⁻ ions.
a) HNO₃ - This is an Arrhenius acid as it produces H+ ions when dissolved in water.
b) H₂O - Water is not an Arrhenius acid; it is neutral, acting as an acid or a base under different conditions.
c) KOH - Potassium hydroxide is an Arrhenius base because it increases the concentration of OH- ions in solution.
d) NH₃ - Ammonia is considered a Brønsted-Lowry base, but not an Arrhenius acid or base, as it does not produce OH- ions in solution.
Bond Polarity and Mixing
4. Both gasoline and olive oil are largely made of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. In these bonds, the
electrons are shared fairly equally by the atoms. Why do you think these two substances are able to mix?
The polarity of a compound or a substance is defined as the separation of charges or the two ends of the molecule have a positive or negative end. Gasoline and oil are non-polar compounds, which dissolve in each other.
Based on the law of solubility, it can be explained as:
Polarity is defined as the ability of a compound to dissolve in water or have the dipole moment. The law suggests that, for a molecule to be polar, it can only dissolve polar substances. For example, methanol dissolves in water. Also, the non-polar compound will dissolve the non-polar compound, such that gasoline will be dissolved in the oil.The polar and non-polar substances do not mix and are not able to dissolve, for example, water and oil.Thus, the polarity of the compound and its solubility is dependent on the dipole moment or electronegativity.
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How many years about was most of North America in the southern hemisphere?
A scientist is tracking an object orbiting the sun that is found between mars and Jupiter. Which additional feature can be used to determine the object is an asteroid?
Final answer:
An object orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter is likely an asteroid if its orbital period is between 3.3 to 6 years and it is not spherical but 'potato-shaped' or highly elongated, which indicates it is in the asteroid belt. Additional features like a cylindrical shape, as observed in the interstellar asteroid discovered in 2017, also suggest it's an asteroid.
Explanation:
To determine if the object orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter is an asteroid, several features can be considered. Primarily, asteroids are found mainly in the asteroid belt, which contains all asteroids with orbital periods between 3.3 to 6 years. If the object's orbit is within this range and lies near the plane in which Earth and other planets circle, this would suggest it is indeed an asteroid. Additionally, asteroids have a variety of shapes but are often not spherical due to their smaller size, which lacks sufficient gravity to pull them into a round shape. They can be "potato-shaped," exhibiting irregularities; however, if the object was found to have a highly elongated or cylindrical shape, this would also indicate it is an asteroid, as seen with the first interstellar asteroid discovered in 2017.
When designing a spacecraft to match course with an asteroid, one would likely include instruments for imaging, such as cameras to capture visual morphology; spectrometers to analyze the composition; and perhaps instruments to measure the asteroid's mass and gravity field. The purpose of these instruments would be to learn about the asteroid's physical properties, composition, and potentially its internal structure to gain insights into the early solar system's history and the composition of the material that formed the planets.
What pressure in kPa is exerted by 2.150 mol of Co, at 57.00 °C in 0.7500 L?!
What is the molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure?
LOL
241
1121
2241
What is the electron configuration of a potassium ion when it has formed an ionic bond with a bromine ion?
A. [2.8.2]-
B. [2.8.8]-
C. [2.8.8]+
D. [2.8]+
A. [2.8.2]- exists the electron configuration of a potassium ion when it contains created an ionic bond with a bromine ion.
What is Electron configurations?Electronic configuration, also named electronic structure, is the arrangement of electrons in energy levels about an atomic nucleus. According to the older shell atomic model, electrons occupy several groups from the first shell nearest the nucleus, K, through the seventh shell, Q, distant from the nucleus.
Electron configurations exist as the summary of where the electrons are around a nucleus
A. [2.8.2]- exists the electron configuration of a potassium ion when it contains created an ionic bond with a bromine ion.
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Salt and water are the general products of which type of reaction?
A. Decomposition
B. Combustion
C. Single-displacement
D. Acid-base
Answer:
Acid Base
Explanation:
Acid base reactions produce water by combining H+ from acids and OH- from bases and the remaining spectator ions form salts
Answer:
Acid-based
Explanation:
Acid base reactions produce water by combining H+ from acids and OH- from bases and the remaining spectator ions form salts
What type of bond is composed of a metal and anonmetal?
Answer:
anonmetal
Explanation:
What is the correct order of steps to determine the mass of product created, given a certain mass of reactant?
I. Convert given mass to moles
II. Determine mole ratio between given mass and substance being solved for
III. Balance the equation
IV. Convert moles of substance being solved for to mass
Answer: 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation:
The correct order of steps to determine the mass of product created, given a certain mass of reactant are 3, 1, 2, 4.
What is mass?The quantity of matter that makes up every item or body is the greatest way to understand mass. Everything that we can see has mass. Examples of objects with mass include a table, a seat, your bed, a ball, a glass, or even air. The mass of a thing determines whether it is light or heavy.
The correct order of steps to determine the mass of product created, given a certain mass of reactant are
Balance the equation
Convert given mass to moles
Determine mole ratio between given mass and substance being solved for
Convert moles of substance being solved for to mass
Therefore, the correct order of steps to determine the mass of product created, given a certain mass of reactant are 3, 1, 2, 4.
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Please HELP
Can more than just one electron transfer to form an ionic compound? Explain and give an example
Answer: Yes , in [tex]MgCl_2[/tex], two electrons from magnesium are transferred to chlorine atoms.
Explanation:
Ionic compound is formed by the transfer of electrons. For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.
For example : For formation of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex]
Electronic configuration of magnesium:
[tex][Mg]=1s^22s^22p^63s^2[/tex]
Magnesium atom will loose two electrons to gain noble gas configuration and form magnesium cation with +2 charge.
[tex][Mg^{2+}]=1s^22s^22p^63s^0[/tex]
Electronic configuration of chlorine:
[tex][Cl]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]
Chlorine atom will gain one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form chloride ion with -1 charge.
[tex][Cl^-]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^6[/tex]
In Magnesium chloride two electrons from magnesium metal gets transferred to two chlorine atoms and thus [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is formed.
an NaOH solution contains 1.90 mol of NaOH, and its concentration is 0.555 M. What is the volume of the solution?
Answer:
The volume of solution that contains 1.9 moles of NaOH is 3.42 L
Explanation:
To solve the question, we note that the solution contains 1.9 moles of 0.555 M NaOH
Therefore, 1000 mL contains 0.555 moles of NaOH
1000/0.555 mL contains 1 mole of NaOH
1.9 × 1000/0.555 mL contains 1.9 moles of NaOH
Therefore, the volume of solution that contains 1.9 moles of NaOH is 1.9 × 1000/0.555 mL or 3423.42342 mL = 3.42 L.
One side of a cube is 5 cm long. What is the cube's volume?
5
15
25
125
Answer: 125
Explanation: volume is l x w x h and if its a cube then length, width and the height will be the same so its just 5 x 5 x 5
What is the molarity of 10.0 g of NaCl dissolved in water to make 100. mL?
Answer:
= 1.7 M
Explanation:
Molecular mass of NaCl = ( 23+35.5 ) = 58.5g
58.5g of NaCl are weighed by 1 mole of NaCl
10.0g of NaCl will be weighed by ( 10÷58.5 )
= 0.17 moles of NaCl
100mL = ( 100÷1000)L = 0.1L
0.1L of a solution is occupied by 0.17 moles of NaCl
1L of solution will be occupied by [(1÷0.1)×0.17]
=1.7 M
Final answer:
The molarity of a solution made by dissolving 10.0 g of NaCl to make a 100 mL solution is 1.71 M.
Explanation:
The student is asking to determine the molarity of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution made by dissolving 10.0 g of NaCl in enough water to make a 100 mL solution. To find the molarity, we first convert the mass of NaCl to moles by using its molar mass, which is 58.44 g/mol. After that, we divide the number of moles by the volume of the solution in liters.
Calculations:
Moles of NaCl: 10.0 g ÷ 58.44 g/mol = 0.171 mol
Volume of solution: 100 mL = 0.100 L
Molarity of NaCl solution: 0.171 mol ÷ 0.100 L = 1.71 M
CAN SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME I DON’T UNDERSTAND :(
Answer:
A supersaturated solution
Which one of the following factors would not speed up a chemical reaction?
A. increasing the concentration of a reactant
B. adding a catalyst
C. raising the temperature
D. making the reactant particles larger
Making the reactants particles larger would not speed up a chemical reaction.
HOW TO SPEED UP A CHEMICAL REACTION?The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs is called the rate of reaction.
The factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction are as follows:
increasing the concentration of a reactantadding a catalystraising the temperatureTherefore, making the reactants particles larger would not speed up a chemical reaction.
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20. If you add the same amount of heat to a kilogram of water and a
kilogram of gold, would they both be the same temperature? If not,
which would be higher? Why? Assume that both start out at the same
temperature.
Final answer:
No, the final temperature of water will be higher than that of gold because water has a higher specific heat capacity.
Explanation:
No, when the same amount of heat is added to a kilogram of water and a kilogram of gold, they will not both reach the same temperature. The final temperature of water will be higher than that of gold. This is because water has a higher specific heat capacity than gold.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius per unit mass. Water has a specific heat capacity of approximately 4.18 J/g°C, while gold has a specific heat capacity of about 0.13 J/g°C. This means that it takes much more heat energy to raise the temperature of water compared to gold.
Therefore, even if the same amount of heat is added to both substances, the water will experience a larger increase in temperature compared to gold.
Which of the following BEST explains how matter and energy cycle through ecosystems?
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Atoms of _______ lose electrons to empty their outer electron shells and become ________ ions.
A. None of these
B. metals, negative
C. nonmetals, negative
D. metals, positive
Atoms of metal lose electrons to empty their outer electron shells and become positive ions.
What is metal ?A metal is a substance that has a shiny look when freshly processed, polished, or shattered, and conducts electricity and heat rather effectively. Generally speaking, metals are malleable and ductile. These characteristics are the outcome of the metallic link between the metal's atoms or molecules.
According to popular belief, the term "metal" originated during the hippy era, when "heavy" denoted profundity or seriousness. Metal music is centered on a few essential elements.
Atomic components like electrons, neutrons, and protons make up metals. The quantity of protons in an atom can be used to identify it from an atom of another element.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Erosion piles up in low places to form:
soil and sand
lava and soil
magma and silt
sand and lava
Answer:
suck dryeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeewwkkffjfkv3kmc,kflr
Explanation:
How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 5.0 g of aluminum from 22°C to 32°C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g°C .
Answer:
Heat, Q = 45 J
Explanation:
We have,
Mass of aluminium is 5 g
The temperature is raised from 22°C to 32°C.
The specific heat of aluminium is 0.90 J/g°C.
It is required to find the heat are needed to raise the temperature.
The heat required to raise the temperature is given by :
[tex]Q=mc\Delta T\\\\Q=5\times 0.9\times (32-22)\\\\Q=45\ J[/tex]
So, 45 J of heat are needed to the temperature of 5.0 g of aluminum from 22°C to 32°C.
What ecosystem is being described in the passage?
Answer:were is the passage
Explanation:
We’re the pasagee