Cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio, and that explains the relationship between the surface area of a cell and its volume, as the volume increases much faster than the surface area when the cell grows.
What is the significance of the surface-to-volume ratio?The surface area-to-volume ratio becomes a limiting factor as cells grow in size, and it decreases because the surface area can no longer keep up with the demands of the cell as well as a decrease in the efficiency of processes such as diffusion and cellular respiration.
Hence, cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio, and that explains the relationship between the surface area of a cell and its volume, as the volume increases much faster than the surface area when the cell grows.
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Both phospholipids and proteins are asymmetrically located in cell membranes - meaning the outer half and the inner half of the bilayer contain different phospholipids and the proteins have a cytoplasmic side and an "out" side. In experiments when detergents are used to disrupt the cell membrane, a water soluble mixture of lipids and proteins is the result. Then, if the detergents are subsequently removed by dialysis, the lipid bilayer will reform spontaneously with the proteins included. Except now the asymmetry is gone and both proteins and lipids are located randomly in the newly formed membrane. What does this result tell you about how the cell synthesizes cellular membranes
Answer:
The process of cell membrane synthesis is regulated.
Explanation:
The components of cell membrane (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) are synthesized inside the cell organelles: endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. After the synthesis, they are transported via vesicular transport also called vesicular trafficking. The transport is also very regulated process (molecules contain transport signal sequences). Components are secreted from the vesicles via exocytosis, when they arrive to their target location.
For the problem below, translate the fly descriptions into parental genotypes, then continue asinstructed.Consider a cross between female flies homozygous for brown bodies and red eyes and male flieshomozygous for ebony bodies and sepia eyes. Give the genotypes and the possible gametes of eachset of parents.Female Genotype: SSEE Gametes Possible: SE Male Genotype: ssee Gametes Possible: se
Answer:
Offspring-heterozygous genotype SsEe
Explanation:
If we name the gene for the body color with S and gene for the eye color with E and if the brown body is dominant over ebony body, while red eyes are dominant over sepia eyes, than the genotypes of the parents would be: female-SSEE, male-ssee
P: SSEE x ssee
Female gametes SE, male gametes se
F1: SsEe all of the offspring would be heterozygous.
Final answer:
A cross between a white-eyed male and a heterozygous red-eyed female will produce offspring where 50% of the males have white eyes and 50% have red eyes and 50% of females are heterozygous for red eyes while the other 50% are homozygous for red eyes.
Explanation:
For a cross between a white-eyed male and a female that is heterozygous for red eye color, the possible genetic outcomes follow X-linked inheritance patterns. As females have two X chromosomes, a heterozygous female with one red-eye allele (XW) and one white-eye allele (Xw) can produce gametes with either allele. A male with white eyes (XwY) can only produce gametes with the white-eye allele on the X chromosome or the Y chromosome without this gene. Thus, 50% of their male offspring are predicted to have white eyes (XwY), inheriting the white-eye allele from either parent, and the other 50% will have red eyes (XWY), inheriting the red-eye allele from their mother and the Y chromosome from their father. Similarly, 50% of their female offspring will be heterozygous for red eye color (XWXw), while the other 50% will be homozygous for red eyes (XWXW) because they inherit the XW from their mother.
What is an acid? a substance that can donate an H+ ion a substance that is alkaline a substance that has a high pH value a substance that can accept an H+ ion
Answer:
The correct answer is "a substance that can donate an H+ ion".
Explanation:
An acid is defined as a chemical substance that neutralizes basic solutions and acts as a proton (H+ ion) donor. Most acids when are dissolved in water release a proton which can be donated to a different compound. Acids are proton donors and electron acceptors, while bases are the opposite.
In which location would the rate of soil erosion most likely be higher than the rate of soil formation?
The question is incomplete, options are given below:
A. A tropical area with moderate rainfall
B. A temperate forest
C. A steep slope
D. A river delta
Answer:
C. A steep slope
Explanation:
Erosion is a weathering process that causes removal of the top layer of sediments from any geological material (rock, plain area, etc) and then transports that material to another place. This process is governed by the combined action of wind, water (precipitation), gravity, and other meteorological parameters.
For this question, four options are given among which rate of erosion would be faster than the rate of soil formation for a steep slope. For a steep slope, the movement of water and wind would be stronger along with high gravitational pull as compared to the tropical area, river delta, and temperate forest. In principle, in the temperate forest, the erosion would be lowest due to the presence of plant roots that support the soil material to stay aggregated and resist against weathering.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Yes, you got them all correct. GOOD JOB!!!!!!!
The engineer wants to change the design of the solar water heater so that it can heat water at a faster rate. What modification should he make to the design?
decrease the capacity of the pump
increase the surface area of the solar panel
increase the thickness of the tank walls
decrease the length of the cold water pipes
Answer:
C
Explanation:
the thickness prevents the process from occurring as quick
To increase the rate at which a solar water heater heats water, the engineer should increase the surface area of the solar panel.
Explanation:If an engineer wants to increase the rate at which a solar water heater heats water, the best option would be to increase the surface area of the solar panel. The surface area of the solar panel dictates how much sunlight can be absorbed and transformed into heat. By increasing this area, more sunlight can be absorbed at any given time, thus increasing the heating rate of the water. The other options will not significantly increase the heating rate. Decreasing the capacity of the pump or the length of the cold water pipes will not affect the heating rate, and increasing the thickness of the tank walls might even decrease the heating rate by adding more insulation.
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Primary succession is most likely caused by .
Which of the following best describes an example of a specific immune response to pathogens?
Cytotoxic T cells are activated and destroy cells that pathogens have invaded.
Fever increases body temperature and speeds up the body’s reaction to pathogens.
Phagocytes identify cells invaded by pathogens and mark them for destruction.
Mucus traps pathogens and destroys them before they can enter the body.
Cytotoxic T cells play a crucial role in the body's specific immune response by identifying and destroying cells infected with pathogens, with a few remaining as memory cells for faster response upon re-infection.
The specific immune response to pathogens involves the activation and function of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). When these cells encounter infected body cells presenting specific pathogen antigens using Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I molecules, they become activated. These activated cytotoxic T cells then use various mechanisms, such as releasing toxins, to destroy the infected cells, thereby containing the spread of the infection. These cells are particularly important when a pathogen has entered a cell, making it invisible to the humoral immune response which deals with pathogens in bodily fluids. The persistence of a few memory cytotoxic T cells after an infection ensures a quicker immune response if the same pathogen re-infects the body in the future.
Which of the following is NOT a way in which an enzyme can speed up the reaction that it catalyzes?
a. The active site of the enzyme can provide a microenvironment with a different pH that facilitates the reaction.
b. The active site can provide heat from the environment that raises the energy content of the substrate.
c. Binding of the substrate to the active site can stretch bonds in the substrate that need to be broken.
d. The enzyme binds a cofactor that interacts with the substrate to facilitate the reaction.
e. The binding of two substrates in the active site provides the correct orientation for them to react to form a product.
Answer:
b. The active site can provide heat from the environment that raises the energy content of the substrate.
Explanation:
Enzymes are the biocatalysts that speed up the chemical reactions occurring inside the cells by lowering down the activation energy. Activation energy is the energy required to convert the substrates from their ground state into the transition state to facilitate the formation of products.
Enzymes favor the formation of transition state at lower temperatures by lowering down the activation energy and make the reactions to occur at lower temperatures. Substrates bind to the active sites, specific binding sites on enzymes. Active sites do not channelize the energy from the surroundings to the substrates.
This map shows the amount of soil moisture (SM), which is an indicator of water availability for people living in that region. Based on the data from map, which region has the maximum risk of a water shortage?
Answer: The answer is 4
Explanation:
This map shows the amount of soil moisture (SM), which is an indicator of water availability for people living in that region. Based on the data from map region has the maximum risk of a water shortage is high.
What are the effects of water shortage?Three effects that water shortage has on a region is that farming is harder to do because the planets will die without water and then we can't get food. People also don't have drinking water or water.Another effect is that people can't use water for everyday necessities like keeping clean region 4 has the maximum risk of a water shortage.
Three affects that water shortage has on a region is that farming is harder to do because the planets will die without water and then we can't get food. People also don't have drinking water or water. Another effect is that people can't use water for everyday neccesities like keeping clean.
Therefore, This map shows the amount of soil moisture (SM), which is an indicator of water availability for people living in that region. Based on the data from map region has the maximum risk of a water shortage is high.
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What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
Answer:
hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
Proteins are folded into their secondary structure via hydrogen bonds-between the amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms. Secondary structure is an intermediate, before proteins gets its 3D shape (conformation), tertiary and quaternary structure. Mos commonly found secondary structures of the protein are:
alpha helices-backbone N−H group forms a hydrogen bond with the backbone C=O group of the amino acidwhich is three or four residues apartbeta sheets- laterally connected polypetpide chains with two or three hydrogen bondsHydrogen bonds maintain the secondary structure of a protein by forming between amino acid residues.
Explanation:The secondary structure of a protein is maintained by hydrogen bonds. These bonds occur between the amino acid residues in the protein chain. The two main types of secondary structures are alpha helices and beta sheets.
In an alpha helix, the hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the amino hydrogen of an amino acid four residues down the chain. This creates a stable spiral-like structure.
In beta sheets, the hydrogen bonds form between adjacent strands of the protein chain, creating a pleated sheet-like structure. The hydrogen bonding between the amino acids in both alpha helices and beta sheets helps to stabilize the overall structure of the protein.
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Which statement best describes how the evolution of pesticide resistance occurs in a population of insects?A. Individual members of the population slowly adapt to the presence of the chemical by striving to meet the new challengeB. All insects exposed to the insecticide begin to use a formerly silent gene to make a new enzyme that breaks down the insecticide moleculesC. Insects observe the behavior of other insects that survive pesticide application, and adjust their own behaviors to copy those of the survivorsD. A number of genetically resistant pesticide survivors reproduce. The next generation of insects contains more genes from the survivors than it does from susceptible individuals
Answer:
D. A number of genetically resistant pesticide survivors reproduce. The next generation of insects contains more genes from the survivors than it does from susceptible individuals
Explanation:
Pesticide resistances in a population of insects usually occurs as a consequence of mutation. Individuals that carry the resistance mutation become favourable by natural selection.
Natural selection is evolutionary mechanism which favours traits of an organism that help him survive and reproduce. In the example, above, resistant insects that survived after the use of pesticide had the favuoruable trait (resistance) by natural selection.
- One way in which a virus gains control of a cell is to direct the synthesis of new viral proteins, which include such molecules as enzymes. To do this, however, the virus must provide the cell with mRNA for the production of such proteins. Viruses can achieve this goal in one of three basic ways: (1) they can import mRNA into the cell in the form of the viral genome (2) they can allow the cell to make viral mRNA through normal cellular genetic processes by providing the cell with viral DNA (3) they can use unique mechanisms to convert their genomes into a form suitable for protein production • ex. + ssRNA virus; this type of genome essentially mimics the mRNA found in the cell • ex. DNA virus, either ds or ss, which can take advantage of normal cellular processes to produce mRNA • ex. - dsRNA virus, which uses a novel enzyme called RNA - dependent RNA transcriptase to convert its genome into + ssRNA, which can then be used for protein synthesis
Answer:
What is the question in this text?
Explanation:
The exchange of segments of dna between the members of a pair of chromosomes is called:
Answer:
Chromosomal translocation
Explanation:
Segement of DNA in a chromosome is trans(ferred) located (location) to another chromosome, vice versa.
As adults, certain species of whales possess baleen instead of teeth. baleen is used to filter the whales' diet of planktonic animals from seawater. as embryos, baleen whales possess teeth, which are later replaced by baleen. the teeth of embryonic baleen whales are evidence that
Answer:
baleen whales are descendants of toothed whales.
Embryonic teeth in baleen whales are evidence of evolutionary history, indicating that these whales descended from toothed ancestors but have adapted to filter-feeding with baleen. This is part of broader patterns of adaptation in marine life, which include various forms of feeding strategies and physical changes due to evolutionary pressures.
The teeth of embryonic baleen whales are evidence that whales evolved from toothed ancestors. These embryonic teeth are vestigial structures, which are remnants of evolutionary history; they are present in the embryo but do not develop into functional teeth for the adult whale. Instead, baleen whales develop baleen, which is a keratin-based filtration system that allows them to efficiently filter feed on planktonic animals from seawater. This transition from teeth to baleen is reflective of evolutionary adaptations to different feeding mechanisms and environments. The baleen is used in place of teeth to capture small prey in a bulk feeding strategy, distinguishing them from toothed odontocetes such as dolphins and porpoises.
Similar evolutionary adaptations are seen in other marine animals, such as certain species of sharks and rays that evolved into suspension feeders. Whale evolution is also demonstrated in physical changes, such as the vestigial pelvic bones, which indicate their terrestrial mammalian ancestry and the secondary loss of hind legs as they adapted to an aquatic lifestyle.
____ hormones produce detrimental and undesirable side effects (even more so in women) such as hypertension, fluid retention, decreased breast size, and a deepening of the voice.
Answer:
Corticoid harmones.
Explanation :
Corticoid harmones are
Cortisol
Aldesteron
Sex Corticoid
Answer:
Human growth hormone.
Explanation:
Human growth hormone is released by anterior pituitary gland. This hormone regulates body composition, fat metabolism, growth and development of an organism.
Deficiency or excessive production of human growth hormone can cause undesirable and detrimental side effects in both men and women. The unbalance amount of human growth hormone can cause fluid retention, deepening of voice, decreased breast size, hyper tension and heart related problems.
Thus, the hormone is human growth hormone.
Which drug can produce mild impairments in memory and must be closely monitored because of its potentially toxic effects?
Answer:
A)
Explanation:
Chemical signals in plants affecting the growth, activity, and development of cells and tissues are called
Hormones
the big five are
ABSCISIC ACID
ETYLENE
CYTOKININ
GIBBERELLIN
AUXIN
A closed loop allowing movement of electrical charge:
A. produces an excess accumulation of charge.
B. is called a circuit.
C. must have only one branch.
D. does not permit transfer of energy.
Explanation: A closed loop allowing movement of electrical charge is called a circuit.
Answer:
B
The prokaryotes most likely to be found living in extreme environments such as salt ponds or hot springs are _____. the prokaryotes most likely to be found living in extreme environments such as salt ponds or hot springs are _____. bacteria archaea photoautotrophs gram-positive bacilli
Answer:
archaeabacteria ( context clues can often give the answer :)
The prokaryotes most likely to be found living in extreme environments such as salt ponds or hot springs are archaea. Archaea are a distinct group of single-celled microorganisms that are genetically and biochemically different from bacteria. They are known to thrive in extreme environments, including high temperatures, high salinity, acidic or alkaline conditions, and high-pressure environments.
Archaea have been found in various extreme environments, such as hot springs, geothermal vents, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, salt ponds, and acidic or alkaline lakes. They have unique adaptations that allow them to survive and thrive in these harsh conditions. Some archaea are thermophiles, meaning they can withstand and even require high temperatures, making them well-suited for hot springs and geothermal environments.
Therefore, the prokaryotes most likely to be found living in extreme environments such as salt ponds or hot springs are archaea.
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Prior to the time of Charles Darwin, it was widely believed that all organisms appeared on Earth at the same time and remained unchanged throughout history. Which of these proved to be the biggest influence in the development of this idea? A) scientific data B) religious beliefs C) Mendel's work with pea plants D) Lamarck's idea of acquired characteristics
The statement "All organisms appeared on Earth at the same time and remained unchanged throughout history." is just a saying, it does not have any scientific evidence.
And in above option,
'A' shows about scienticific data but there is no any science in statement.
'C' shows Mendel's work with pea plant which is a scientific experiment.
'D' shows Lamarck's idea which is also based ob science.
Therefore, the answer is religious beliefs
Answer:B
Explanation:religious beliefs
During conjugation what is transferred from one bacteria to the next
Answer:
Genetic material
Explanation:
Conjugation is one of the ways by which bacteria exchange their genetic material (horizontal gene transfer). Two bacterial cells must physically connect in order to perform the conjugation. The linking occurs through a pilus.
Pilus is an appendage on the surface of bacteria cell and it is also called fimbria. Pilus is filamentous, tubular and composed of oligomeric proteins-pilin.
Donor cell contain pilus that will attach to the recipient bacterial cell and induce the transfer.
In parts of Africa where Malaria is prevalent, individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are at an advantage. This, as well as other examples of heterozygote advantage, should be most closely linked to which of the following?A. Sexual selectionB. Stabilizing selectionC. Disruptive selectionD. Directional selection
Answer:
B. Stabilizing selection
Explanation:
Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection in which mean value of trait is favourable. It is different than disruptive selection in which extreme values are favoured over intermediate values and different than directional selection in which one extreme phenotype is favored over others.
How are absorption in the digestive tract and reabsorption from the renal tubules similar? (Your answer should concentrate on the molecular level.)
Answer:
1. Bcoz all glucose absorbed by active transport.
2. Water absorbed by osmosis in both
3. Most of tje ions absorbed by active transport.
4.haromones and enzymes are involved in both.
5. Waste are excreted out.
How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 1?
Two daughter cells are created
At the end of meiosis 1, two haploid daughter cells are created from the parental cell. Each of these then undergoes a second round of cell division, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells in total.
Explanation:The process of meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and results in the production of four daughter cells. At the end of meiosis 1, two haploid daughter cells are created from a parental cell following the separation of homologous chromosomes. Each of these daughter cells then undergoes meiosis II, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells altogether.
In meiosis II, the sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate, forming four new haploid gametes. These gametes each contain just half of the original genetic material from the parental cell. Therefore, while the end cells remain diploid at the end of meiosis I, they are haploid by the end of meiosis II.
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Which type of neuron carries impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord or brain?
A. motor neuron
B. sensory neuron
C. association neuron
Answer: Sensory Neuron
Explanation:
Sensory Neuron is defined as “a nerve cell that receives messages from the outer part of the body and carries them to the brain or spinal cord.” The outer part of the body could also be called “sense organs,” which is the phrase used in your question.
Answer:
Sensory Neuron
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are nutrients that supply the main energy source for the body. True or false?
Active transport requires select one:
a. thermal energy from the environment.
b. the initial movement of water by osmosis to develop a favorable concentration gradient.
c. cellular energy, usually in the form of atp.
d. hormonal activation of specific protein carriers.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Active transport is against gradient.. Or uphill movement.. So we have to spend energy.. Which are in the form of ATP(adenosinetriphosphate).
Active transport process require cellular energy to transport substance up their concentration gradients across the plasma membrane. Cellular energy usually in the form of ATP. Thus, c is correct option.
What is active transport?When movement of molecules is takes place then it is called active transport.
Active transport movement is always from lower concentration to a region of higher concentration gradients. So we can say that substance are moving their own concentration gradients.
Active transport requires the signal or input of cellular energy in the form of ATP( adenosine triphosphate).
ATP is generally energy carrying molecule which are found in all living organisms. Active transport system are always sensitive to metabolic poisons because these metabolic poisons interrupt the ATP supply.
Therefore, active transport process require cellular energy to transport substance up their concentration gradients across the plasma membrane. Cellular energy usually in the form of ATP. Thus c is correct option.
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Recall the discussion of mythical places in unit eight. would firefly forest be considered a mythical place? why or why not?
Answer:
i would think that the Firefly Forest could be considered a mythical place because there are mythical beings in this place according to the story.
Answer:
Yes, it can be considered a mythical place because it is a place full of fantasy and magic that does not exist but is a product of the imagination of the author who created it. It also takes elements of nature but with a tint of fiction.
Which process(es) of the water cycle— precipitation, evaporation, condensation, runoff, percolation or transpiration— that might contribute to the addition of pollutants to rivers, lakes, oceans? Why?
Runoff percipatation contributes to the dirty water because the rain water picks pollutants from the water and than it falls to the earth and than water continues and spreads into the large body of waters
The process of the water cycle that might contribute to the addition of pollutants to rivers, lakes, and oceans is runoff.
Runoff is exactly as it sounds. It is described as when water runs off the land. This water commonly drains towards:
Rivers LakesOceansand other bodies of water.
Though pollution is present in every part of the water cycle, it is most visible during runoff. During runoff, water travels downhill through the land, eroding the soil and carrying asking anything it finds asking the way, such as garbage. This garbage then end up in the larger bodies of water and contributes to their pollution.
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