Biology High School


What do scientists use to divide the geologic time scale?

Major divisions in the fossil records

Major divisions in the sedimentary rock layers

Evidence for catastrophic events in Earth's history

Major changes in mineral deposits in the rock layers

Answers

Answer 1

Ans.

The geological time scale (GTS) is defined as a system of chronological dating, used to relate geological strata to time. Scientists use major events, such as catastrophic events in the history of the earth to divide the GTS.

For example, the partition between Permian and Triassic periods is denoted by a global extinction that led to elimination of many plants and animals of the earth.

Thus, the correct answer is option). 'evidence for catastrophic events in Earth's history.'


Answer 2

Answer:

major divisions in fossil records

Explanation:

this is correct I promise look at the pic below

What Do Scientists Use To Divide The Geologic Time Scale? Major Divisions In The Fossil RecordsMajor

Related Questions

Choose the term that identifies the type of bond that joins amino acids in proteins

Answers

Amino acids in proteins are linked to one another by peptide bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acids and the amino group of another. 

Amino Acids has an important role both in building blocks of proteins and as in-between in metabolism. Amino acids also used in every cell of your body to build the proteins you need to survive. A carboxyl group is made of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. Amino acids bond together to make long chains, those long chains are called proteins.

In a homeostatic mechanism that involves the regulation of blood pressure, the brain serves as the

Answers


The homeostatic is the ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium. The receptor, integrating center/control center, and effector are the three interdependent components of its control mechanism. In a homeostatic mechanism that involves the regulation of blood pressure, the brain serves as the integrating/control center that signals the kidney which is the effector to retain water if blood pressure is too low.
Final answer:

In a homeostatic mechanism for regulating blood pressure, the brain functions as the control center, with the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata being primarily responsible for maintaining vascular homeostasis.

Explanation:

In regards to the regulation of blood pressure, the brain functions as the control center within the homeostatic mechanism. The cardiovascular centers in the brain, particularly in the medulla oblongata, are responsible for monitoring and regulating both cardiac and vascular functions to maintain vascular homeostasis. These centers ensure adequate blood flow and pressure, which are essential for proper perfusion of tissues throughout the body.

Homeostatic regulation of the vascular system also involves sensors, such as baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure. The information from these sensors is sent to the control center, which then sends signals to the effectors, such as the heart and blood vessels, to make necessary adjustments to maintain homeostasis. Other factors include neural responses from the limbic system and the autonomic nervous system, as well as endocrine and autoregulatory mechanisms.

Overall, the homeostatic mechanism is a complex interaction between sensors, the control center, and effectors that together maintain the body's internal balance in response to changes in blood pressure.

The most common isotope of oxygen has atomic number 8 and atomic mass number 16. another isotope has two extra neutrons. what are the atomic number and atomic mass number of this isotope?

Answers

Oxygen-15 is an isotope of oxygen, frequently used in positron emission tomography, or PET imaging. It has 8 protons, 7 neutrons, and 8 electrons. The total atomic mass is 15.0030654 amu.

The atomic number and mass number of the mentioned isotope are 8 and 18 respectively.

What are isotopes?

Isotopes are defined as substances having same number of protons but different number of neutrons.Number of protons is characteristic for determining position of elements in the periodic table.

Since,all isotopes have the same number of protons and hence have same position.They have similar chemical properties as they have same number of electrons.

They find applications in the field of nuclear medicine and oil and gas research . There are 2 types of isotopes : stable and unstable

Unstable isotopes are radioactive and are called as radioisotopes.Some of these isotopes are man -made and hence also called as artificial isotopes.Every element has an isotope which is either man-made or natural .

Many properties of isotopes depend on mass which is measured in atomic mass unit. The difference in actual mass and mass number is called mass defect.

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A planet is orbiting a nearby star. Suppose that the star’s gravity increases over time. What effect will this increase most likely have on the planet’s path of motion?

Answers

The planet will be drawn closer to the star
Depending on how strong and fast the Stars Gravity increases, the Planet will either slowly start to Orbit closer if the pull is minimal or if the Stars Gravity increases drastically then the planet will quickly get pulled in until eventually it'll burn

Sleep deprivation had been found to ________ metabolic rate and ________ limbic brain responses to the mere sight of food.

Answers

Research has shown that sleep deprivation results to lower metabolic rate. Sleep deprivation increases a person's appetite by making them want to eat everything they see because of the brain's inability to tell whether the person is already full or not. 

Final answer:

Sleep deprivation increases metabolic rate and enhances limbic brain responses to food, affecting energy expenditure and potentially leading to health issues.

Explanation:

Sleep deprivation has been found to increase metabolic rate and enhance limbic brain responses to the mere sight of food. While sleep-deprived individuals may experience shorter sleep latencies, indicating a compensatory mechanism known as sleep rebound, there are considerable negative consequences to bodily functions and processes. One of the affected areas includes brain regulation of energy expenditure which involves the modulation of locomotor activity, fatty acid oxidation, and thermogenesis. Moreover, studies have shown that sleep loss can affect metabolism, potentially leading to obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders.

Prolonged fasting can reduce the metabolic rate as an adaptive response to food scarcity. Conversely, sleep deprivation, which induces a state similar to the fight-or-flight response, can temporarily increase metabolic activities. Additionally, the increase in limbic brain responses upon seeing food may be connected to the body's heightened need for nutrients to sustain increased energy expenditure. However, these changes are complex and carry risks for long-term health issues.

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of which type of fatty acid?

Answers

Solid fats are primarily built from saturated fatty acids.

Answer:

saturated fatty acids

Explanation:

If hypothyroidism goes untreated, there is an associated risk of ________ due to high levels of low-density lipoproteins (ldl or bad cholesterol).

Answers

This can lead to heart disease. High levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to a buildup in the arteries and veins, leading to atherosclerosis. The blood vessels will thicken and make it difficult for blood to pass through because of the presence of white blood cells and plaque along the cell walls.

What would happen if you reversed th order of the mordant and the primary stain?

Answers

If you reversed the order of the mordant and the primary stain then no staining would occur. The mordant is used to enhance the staining, so if this was added first, this process will not work because there would be nothing for it to bind to.

What are the signs that a plant has reached maturity?

Answers

Final answer:

The signs that a plant has reached maturity include flowering, seed harvest, and changes in color and texture.

Explanation:

The signs that a plant has reached maturity can vary depending on the type of plant. However, some common signs include:

Flowering: Many plants produce flowers when they reach maturity. The appearance of flowers indicates that the plant is ready to reproduce.Seed Harvest: For plants that produce seeds, the seed capsule and pedicel will turn brown and dry when the seeds are mature and ready to be harvested.Changes in Color and Texture: Mature plants may show changes in color, such as leaves turning brown or fruit changing from green to its mature color. The texture of the plant may also change, such as the leaves becoming more rigid or the stems becoming woody.

The absence of ________ leaves obligate anaerobes susceptible to killing by oxygen.

Answers

Final answer:

Obligate anaerobes lack enzymes that protect against oxidative stress, leading to their susceptibility to killing by oxygen, as they use fermentation or anaerobic respiration with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen.

Explanation:

The absence of enzymes that protect cells from oxygen free radicals leaves obligate anaerobes susceptible to killing by oxygen. Obligate anaerobes are organisms that grow only in the absence of oxygen and, in fact, often get inhibited or killed by its presence due to the lack of these protective enzymes.

They obtain energy through anaerobic respiration or fermentation, using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen. The presence of oxygen can produce harmful by-products like free radicals, which these organisms cannot neutralize due to the absence of enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase, which are common in aerobic organisms.

What is the name for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

Answers

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable cell membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules across a semipermeable cell membrane.
Final answer:

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane, which helps maintain water balance in cells.

Explanation:

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis. It's a fundamental concept in biology, particularly in cell biology. Osmosis helps maintain water balance in cells. For instance, if a cell is placed in a solution that is hypertonic (higher solute concentration than the cell), water will move out of the cell due to osmosis, and the cell can shrink. Conversely, if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (lower solute concentration), water will move into the cell, and the cell can swell and possibly burst.

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When did lamarck publish his ideas on evolution answers?

Answers

The answer should be early 1800's 

Answer:

The correct answer will be 1809.

Explanation:

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck or Lamarck is best known for his theory of evolution called "Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics" which proposed a mechanism of change of species on the basis of use and disuse of organs.

Lamarck published series of books on paleontology and invertebrate zoology but his book Philosophie zoologique which was published in 1809 clearly stated his theories of evolution.

Thus, 1809 is the correct answer.

What are some structures inside a cell that will help it live and perform its role in an organism?

Answers

Final answer:

Cells contain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts that perform essential tasks, enabling the cell to live and function within an organism. The differences between prokaryotes, eukaryotes, nerve cells, and muscle cells all serve different functions within an organism.

Explanation:

Cells, the fundamental units of life, contain small structures known as organelles that perform various tasks to help the cell live and perform its roles within an organism. These organelles include mitochondria that produce energy and in the case of green plants, chloroplasts that enable the conversion of sunlight into sugars through photosynthesis.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are classified as such based on whether or not their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Prokaryotic organisms, like bacteria, are single-celled or colonize without these features, while cells in eukaryotic organisms, such as humans, possess membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.

The structure of different organelles within a cell allows it to carry out different functions. For example, the structure of nerve cells, with their long projections, helps them transmit electrical signals and muscle cells are equipped with a high number of mitochondria to enable movement.

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How do carrier proteins differ from channel proteins in their role as gatekeepers of the cell? carrier proteins expend energy to pump substances across the membrane against a concentration gradient, whereas channel proteins provide passage via facilitated diffusion of substances without expending energy. carrier proteins bind to the substances they transport across the membrane via facilitated diffusion, whereas channel proteins provide a pore for substances to move across the membrane via facilitated diffusion. carrier proteins allow movement of substances in only one direction across the membrane, whereas channel proteins allow movement of substances in both directions. carrier proteins provide a means for large, polar substances to move across the membrane, whereas channel proteins provide a means for small, nonpolar substances to pass through the membrane?

Answers

"Carrier proteins bind to the substances they transport across the membrane via facilitated diffusion, whereas channel proteins provide a pore for substances to move across the membrane via facilitated diffusion."

This is the most correct option.
The main difference, when comparing these two gates of transportation across a membrane through the same process (via facilitated diffusion or any other), is that carrier proteins bind to the substances they transport and only communicate with one environment of the cell (whether intracellular or extracellular) at the time, while channel proteins let substances move across the membrane without any binding being opened to both cell environments.

The correct answer is: carrier proteins expend energy to pump substances across the membrane against a concentration gradient, whereas channel proteins provide passage via facilitated diffusion of substances without expending energy.

Carrier proteins and channel proteins play different roles as gatekeepers of the cell membrane. Carrier proteins are involved in active transport, which requires the expenditure of energy (usually in the form of ATP) to transport substances across the membrane against their concentration gradient. Carrier proteins undergo conformational changes to bind with specific substances on one side of the membrane and transport them to the other side. This process allows carrier proteins to move substances against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

On the other hand, channel proteins facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane via facilitated diffusion. They form pores or channels in the membrane, providing a passageway for substances to move through. Channel proteins do not require the expenditure of energy and allow substances to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process is known as passive transport.

Therefore, carrier proteins and channel proteins differ in their energy requirements and the mechanisms by which they transport substances across the cell membrane.

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Why is diffusion and osmosis important the physiology of our body?

Answers

Diffusion and osmosis is important in the physiology of our body because osmosis plays a role of stabilizing the environment of an organism internally while the diffusion is essential as it provides function in the body for it to move naturally.

A large population of mice is isolated on an island. there are two varieties of the mice, brown and gray. their fur colors closely match the gray rock outcrops and brown soils of the island. hawks are their main predators. this situation most likely reflects the outcome of __________.

Answers

This is clearly a result of disruptive natural selection. Disruptive natural selection refers to the changes in human or animal population genetics in which extreme values of a trait would override those with intermediate values.

The isolated mice population with brown and gray fur demonstrates an example of diversifying natural selection, where both fur colors provide camouflage advantages in different areas of the island, leading to increased genetic variance over time.

The situation described with the mice on the island is an example of natural selection. The mice have fur colors that match the environment—brown soils and gray rock outcrops—which provide camouflage against their main predators, hawks.

This is an outcome of diversifying selection, a form of natural selection where two or more distinct phenotypes can each have their advantages and are selected for, while the intermediate phenotypes are, on average, less fit. The brown and gray mice thrive because they blend into their respective environments well, reducing the likelihood of predation in contrast to any hypothetical intermediate colorations that may stand out and lead to higher predation rates.

Over time, genetic variance increases in the mouse population as the two color varieties continue to survive and reproduce more successfully.

Which organisms belong to more than one food chain?

Answers

Mushrooms because they eat dead things and form poison to certain organisms.

Only some plant cells have chloroplasts, but all actively metabolizing plant cells have mitochondria. why?

Answers

Some all plant cells do have chloroplasts. The chloroplast is an organelle that represents considerable authority in photosynthesis. In this way, chloroplast is found in plant cells that get light. You won't, be that as it may, discover chloroplast in plant cells underground since light, by and large, doesn't achieve those cells. In the event that some way or another, they wind up plainly presented to light however they may create chloroplast.

Part of the photosynthesis process that puts carbon dioxide into the form of carbohydrates is the _____.

a. Calvin cycle

b.Hill reaction

c.Krebs cycle

Answers

I believe it is A.

Hope it helps!

The right option is; a. Calvin cycle

Part of the photosynthesis process that puts carbon dioxide into the form of carbohydrates is the Calvin cycle.

Calvin cycle is the set of chemical reactions that occur in the stroma (inner space chloroplasts) during photosynthesis. Calvin cycle occurs after energy has been captured from sunlight. Three-carbon sugar phosphate molecules are the carbohydrate products of the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, Ribulose bisphosphate, which is a five carbon catcher grabs a molecule of carbon dioxide, and produces a six-carbon molecule. The six-carbon molecule is separated into two equal parts by an enzyme (RuBisCO), using the energy of ATP, and NADPH molecules. Three carbon molecules moves away and converts to sugar, while the other three carbon molecules proceeds to the next stage.  The three carbon molecules are converted into a five carbon molecule and the cycle begins again.


The rose that grew from concrete by tupac shakur did you hear about the rose that grew from a crack in the concrete? proving nature's law is wrong it learned to walk with out having feet. funny it seems, but by keeping its dreams, it learned to breathe fresh air. long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else ever cared. theme

Answers

yes I have heard of that before

Explanation: an oldy man

Why are stem cells from human embryos used to treat some diseases??

Answers

They can repair damaged immune systems and they make replacement heart valves.

A chromosome that has its centromere located very close to, but not on, the end of the chromosome is called a

Answers

I haven't done biology in a long time but I am almost certain it is called a acrocentric chromosome.

Ionically bound molecules consisting of oppositely charged ions are called ____________ , and are abundant in tissue and fluids.

Answers

Salts. Salts are cations and anions that form relatively weak bonds that can be broken up by water, and are used in cells and the matrices that they are in because it is important for cell signalling and staying alive.

Lee suffers from insomnia. an undersupply of which neurotransmitter can cause this condition?

Answers

The appropriate response is GABA. It is an amino which goes about as a neurotransmitter in the focal sensory system. It represses nerve transmission in the mind, quieting anxious movement. As a supplement, it is sold and advanced for these neurotransmitter impacts as a characteristic sedative.

Cell membranes are structured so that molecules can pass in and out if the cell across them. While both plant and animal cells have membranes, plant cells also have cell walls surrounding their cells. Which if the followinng observations best supports the conclusion that molecules can cross cell walls as well

Answers

Cell membranes are semi Permeable, which means a selective verity of molecules can pass through. Theses molecules that can pass through are usually hydrophobic, water hating molecules.
Cell walls allow anything any size to come in.

Proposed by _____, _____ theory was the first major account of color vision.

Answers

The theory that was the first major account of color vision is the Young Helmholtz theory which is proposed by two people who are namely, Thomas Yound and Hermann von Helmholtz in which they discuss about the theory of how the human eye works in enabling vision of colors.

Who is generally credited with creating the first genetic linkage map? who is generally credited with creating the first genetic linkage map? alfred sturtevant gregor mendel thomas hunt morgan bateson and punnett?

Answers

Linkage maps were first developed by Alfred Sturtevant, a student of Thomas Hunt Morgan. A genetic map is a map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossover of homologous chromosomes.

This type of agent kills bacteria, fungi, and viruses—even normal cells or abnormal cancer cells.

Answers

It is the destructive agent 

How does the digestive system facilitate excretion of wastes?

Answers

The digestive system facilitates excretion of wastes by eliminating wastes from the digestive tract. During the digestion process, after the nutrients in the food has been absorbed by the small intestine, the waste products in the food will be moved into the large intestine where it will be processed for elimination in the form of feces. 

A nurse expects to find which signs and symptoms in a client experiencing hypoglycemia

Answers

signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia include nervousness, diaphoresis, weakness, light-headedness, confusion, paresthesia, irritability, headache, hunger, tachycardia, and changes in speech, hearing, or vision.

Final answer:

A nurse would expect to find symptoms such as shakiness, sweating, nausea, and confusion in a client experiencing hypoglycemia. This condition requires immediate treatment, often with fast-releasing carbohydrates or medical intervention in severe cases.

Explanation:

A nurse expects to find several signs and symptoms in a client experiencing hypoglycemia, which is a condition characterized by low blood glucose levels (below 70 mg/dL).

Symptoms of hypoglycemia are more acute and can include:

ShakinessSweatingNauseaHungerClamminessFatigueConfusionIrritabilityStuporSeizuresComa

Immediate treatment for hypoglycemia involves consuming fast-releasing carbohydrates and, in severe cases, may require intervention with intravenous glucose or glucagon injection. Insulin therapy needs careful monitoring to prevent such occurrences.

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