Based on sociologist robert merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, _____ may have no personal prejudice but still engage in discriminatory behavior because of peer-group pressure or economic, political, or social interests.

The modified "forbidden toy" experiment showed that severe threats are not as effective in preventing behavior as mild threats, highlighting the influences of punishment severity on behavior alteration.

The variation of the "forbidden toy" experiment by Aronson and Carlsmith (1963), which involved using mild and severe threats to discourage children from playing with an attractive toy, is noteworthy because it demonstrated the effects of punishment severity on behavior.

The outcome showed a higher incidence of disobedience among the children who received stronger threats, suggesting that when the threat of punishment is too severe and not immediately enforced, it may not be as effective at preventing the behavior.

This contrasts with the findings from Bandura's Bobo doll study, which indicated that observed consequences (reward or punishment) for a model's behavior could greatly influence the imitation of that behavior by children.

The use of a wisp in atmospheric observations can aid in weather prediction by indicating cloud formation, particularly over elevated regions.

A wisp is a ball of condensed water vapor or ice droplets, commonly seen in moist air, and is a type of cloud. In the scenario of observing a wisp, it would indicate atmospheric conditions that are conducive to cloud formation and can help in predicting weather changes. For example, seeing wisps forming over mountaintops can signal the likelihood of fog or rain.

Rescorla applies a cognitive perspective in explaining classical conditioning. He focuses on the extent to which the CS predicts the US.

To add, the learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell) is called classical conditioning.

In classical conditioning, the UCS is the stimulus that naturally elicits a response, the CS is a previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the UCS, the UCR is the natural response to the UCS, and the CR is the learned response to the CS.

In classical conditioning, the UCS (unconditioned stimulus) is the stimulus that naturally elicits a response, without any prior conditioning. The CS (conditioned stimulus) is a previously neutral stimulus that, through association with the UCS, comes to elicit a response. The UCR (unconditioned response) is the natural response that is elicited by the UCS, and the CR (conditioned response) is the learned response that is elicited by the CS.

An example of classical conditioning in humans is when a baby gets excited and salivates upon seeing a formula canister. Here, the formula canister is the CS, the baby's excitement and salivation is the CR, the baby's natural excitement and salivation upon receiving the formula is the UCR, and the formula itself is the UCS.

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To mitigate risk at an intersection crowded with vehicles and a pedestrian, the implementation of a traffic signal can enhance safety by controlling vehicle speeds and providing safer crossing for pedestrians.

The presence of four vehicles and a pedestrian approaching an intersection at the same time might represent a situation to mitigate the risk (and move forward to an alternative maneuver at a different intersection) of completing the maneuver. This is particularly important considering pedestrian safety, as crowded intersections near campuses can be dangerous for students and others trying to cross. The installation of a traffic signal at problematic intersections can regulate vehicle speeds, enforce stopping at red lights, and provide safe crossing for pedestrians.

Indeed, without proper signals, vehicles often disregard speed limits, and pedestrians are forced to navigate through traffic, which increases the possibility of accidents. These accidents can have serious consequences, including fatalities. Therefore, the implementation of a traffic signal can significantly enhance safety by controlling traffic flow and providing predictable crossing periods for pedestrians.

David finished in fifth place in the bike race.

Based on the given information, we can determine the order of the racers. Julie finished ahead of Roger, and James finished ahead of Julie. David beat James but finished after Sarah. Therefore, the order of the racers from first to last is: Sarah, James, Julie, Roger, and David.

So, David finished in fifth place.

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Final answer:

Lila demonstrates conditioning and might be acting out in aggression when her autonomy is threatened. This reflects how children learn through play and may imitate behaviors to assert independence or handle conflict.

Explanation:

Lila's behavior of kicking Thomas when he takes her toy train demonstrates conditioning and possibly acting out due to frustration or a desire for autonomy. This situation highlights how children learn through play and develop preferences, but may also show behaviors of aggression when their autonomy is threatened. Lila may have been seeking independence in her play and reacted negatively when that was disrupted. Furthermore, this behavior can be seen as a form of observational learning, where Lila may be imitating actions she has seen elsewhere, which might be an inappropriate method of dealing with conflict.

The rise in citizen journalism has democratized information, provided eyewitness accounts of major events, and expanded coverage of underreported issues, thereby offering a more comprehensive view of global happenings.

One significant benefit of the rise in citizen journalism is the increased democratization of information and broader dissemination of diverse perspectives. Citizen journalists often report on events as eyewitnesses, providing real-time accounts and highlighting issues that may be overlooked by mainstream news media. Notable examples of citizen journalism include the documentation of major events like the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in 2011, Hurricane Katrina, and other significant incidents that may reveal both the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of authorities' responses. This form of journalism has gained acceptance to the extent that established news outlets like CNN have created platforms such as "iReport" to encourage and incorporate content from the public. Additionally, citizen journalism plays a crucial role in covering human rights issues and other underreported stories, offering a more comprehensive view of global events.

The correct answer is C. After paying 10 percent of the annual income as federal tax, the gross income is $45,000.

To solve this problem, we need to calculate the gross income after federal taxes are deducted. The federal tax rate is given as 10 percent, so we will calculate 10 percent of the annual income and subtract it from the total income to find the gross income.

1. Calculate the federal tax amount:

 Federal tax amount = Federal tax rate of Annual income

 Federal tax amount = 10% of $50,000

 Federal tax amount = 0.10 of $50,000

 Federal tax amount = $5,000

2. Subtract the federal tax amount from the annual income to get the gross income:

 Gross income = Annual income - Federal tax amount

 Gross income = $50,000 - $5,000

 Gross income = $45,000

Therefore, after paying 10 percent of the annual income as federal tax, the gross income is $45,000.

Answer:False

Explanation:

Leaders are required to maintain the relationships with their followers because followers are not forced to follow them which means their decisions can change anytime to follow another leader if the current leader that they follower doesn't maintain the relationship with them.

It is an unstable relationship unless leaders maintain it and ensure that their followers are happy and atleast have some sort of satisfaction.

Japan's post-WWII economic recovery was expedited by pre-war industrialization, significant U.S. aid, and a focused industrial policy that transformed its economy from producing low-wage export goods to becoming an innovator in high technology, unlike the divided and occupationally controlled German situation.

The Japanese economy was able to recover swiftly after World War II due, in part, to the pre-war industrialization and urbanization of Japanese society. This, coupled with significant U.S. aid including a $2 billion investment and preferential access to the vast U.S. consumer market, allowed Japan to refocus on low-wage industries and products for export. The U.S. viewed Japan as a potential ally against the rise of communism, rather than a threat, which facilitated even more economic cooperation between the two nations. Japan's impressive work ethic and government policy promoting industrialization further fueled this recovery, ultimately allowing Japan to transform from a producer of cheap goods to a leader in high technology.

Germany, on the other hand, was divided into occupation zones and faced different challenges that made its recovery trajectory differ from Japan's. Significant aid provided by the Marshall Plan assisted in the reconstruction of Europe, including West Germany. However, Japan's single-government focus and the lack of such division as seen in Germany enabled a more streamlined and efficient rebuilding process.

Answer:

Explanation:

This type of fraud is characterized by the omission of a fact or circumstance that is not revealed with the intention of deceiving. They are related to the scam since they are part of the framework. The scam is damage to the property or assets of another person.

Final answer:

Monetarism is an economic school of thought that emphasizes controlling the money supply to stabilize the economy. Leading proponents like Milton Friedman argued for a constant money supply growth rate, aligning with the economy's growth to reduce instability. Monetarism influenced central banks but was adapted over time to allow for more flexibility.

Explanation:

Monetarism and Its Principles

Monetarism is a school of economic thought which emphasizes the importance of the money supply as the main driver of the economy's short-term behavior and the main cause of business cycles. Developed by economists like Milton Friedman, monetarism gained prominence in the 1970s as a response to prevailing Keynesian economic theories. Advocates of monetarism believed that controlling the money supply was crucial in stabilizing the economy and combating inflation—hence, they favored policies that aimed for a steady, moderate expansion of the money supply.

Friedman and his followers argued that rather than relying on government intervention, the economy should be allowed to regulate itself with minimal interference. They suggested that the central bank should increase the supply of money at a constant rate that corresponds with economic growth, typically around 3% per year. Such a policy, they believed, would prevent the central bank from becoming a source of economic instability due to excessive intervention in the economy.

During the late 20th century, monetarism had a significant influence on central banking policies, including those of the Federal Reserve. However, by the early 1980s, following a severe recession, monetarism's strict guidance of fixed monetary growth rates was abandoned in favor of a more flexible approach that was still informed by monetarist principles.

Apache OpenOffice is an office suite software, a collection of productivity tools bundled together typically including word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, and databases among others.

Apache OpenOffice is an example of an office suite software. An office suite is a collection of productivity tools that are bundled together and work seamlessly with each other. This typically includes tools for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases, and more. Similar to Apache OpenOffice, Microsoft Office and Corel Word Perfect Office Suite are also examples of office suite software. These tools are essential for a wide variety of tasks in both home and office settings, including writing documents, creating spreadsheets, and making presentations.

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A predictive test is used to predict a candidate's future performance on a specific task or in a certain setting. These tests can range from IQ tests, and skills assessments, to personality tests, which help companies discern the most suitable candidates based on their job requirements. They are usually complemented by cutoff scores that decide whether the candidate is eligible for further selection stages.

A(n) predictive testis a type of assessment used to forecast future performance in a particular setting or on a specific task. In the context of job selection, organizations often use diverse tests such as IQ tests, job-specific skills tests, or personality tests to evaluate the competency and suitability of candidates. The use of these tests serves to determine which candidates possess the required knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for the position. For instance, a high score in agreeableness might be highly desired for a customer support position. However, the use of these predictive tests should be supplemented by a confirmed assessment of what scores on the test correspond positively with good job performance. Importantly, organizations may set cutoff scores, that is, a score beneath which a candidate will not progress, for each test.

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