Astronomers claim that objects throughout the universe are made of the same chemical elements that exist here on Earth. Given that most of these objects are so far away that we can never hope to visit them, why are astronomers so confident that the objects are made from the same set of chemical elements, rather than completely different substances?

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Answer 1
every element and compound has a unique energy spectra, in other words measuring the energies of the photons coming from a single source can tell you the chemicals you are looking at

Related Questions

Grasses → mice → cat → coyote a natural disaster of a fire has occurred what could happen to this food chain?

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The fire could ruin the grass, causing a food shortage among the mice. The cats wouldn't get their food because of the decreasing mouse population, and then the cat population would decrease. The coyotes would experience a population decrease because of their food shortages. I hope I helped.
The fire would shorten the Grass in the area. The mice would lose population due to the grass population decreasing. The Cats would decrease because of the mice population decreasing causing the cats to starve.The coyotes wouldn't have any cats to eat due to the cats population decreasing. The population of all these organisms would severely decrease

What is the function of osteocytes?

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Osteocytes continue to form bone to some degree, which is important for maintaining the strength and health of the bone matrix. However, osteocytes perform functions that extend far beyond simple maintenance.

Hope this helps!

what is the purpose of the cell organelles?

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To carry out cell processes, just like our organs carry out our bodily processes. 

How independent assortment occurs in cells?

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in metaphase 1 of meiosis , synapsed homologous chromosomes align independently of one another alone the metaphase plate . 

What effect will a virus in the lytic cycle have on an organism? A. It will have no direct effect on the organism. B. It will cause a disease in the organism. C. It will spread bacteria in the respiratory system. D. It will cause genetic mutations in sex cells.

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The effect that a virus in the lytic cycle will have on an organism is that it will cause a disease in the organism.

WHAT IS LYTIC CYCLE?

Lytic cycle is one of the two stages of infection of a virus in a host cell. The lytic cycle involves the bursting of the host cell to release new virions.

The virus infects a host cell and uses its replication mechanism to form new cells.

The virus causes diseases in the cell of the host organism.

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Evolutionary theories are supported by evidence of

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a few example are
carbon/uranium dating
genetic variations 
similar bone structure among vastly different species. For example: the great blue whale was 2 hip bones and 2 femurs!

Reproductive cells are created by _____.

A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. cytokinesis

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The answer is B. meiosis.

All cells in an organism are diploid (2n). Only reproductive cells are haploid cells (n). Mitosis is a division of a cell into two daughter cells identical to the mother cell. Meiosis is a cell division during which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half (from 2n to n). So, reproductive cells (n) are created by meiosis.
Cytokinesis is the phase during mitosis and meiosis.

Aerobic respiration happens in what cellular organelle?

Anaerobic respiration does not use _______ gas it happens in one process (after glycolysis) called __________________

What process was used to make beer?


What are the products of alcohol fermentation?

Answers

Aerobic respiration happens in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells.

Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen gas and happens in one process after glycolysis called Fermentation.

The process used to make beer would be a kind of fermentation, Alcohol fermentation, I believe.

when during the cell cycle do chromosomes first become visible?

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Chromosomes first become visible during prophase.

describe a possible application for stem cells

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Used to study disease, have the ability to replace damaged cells and treat disease, used to study development, or can be used for testing new treatments.

Stem cells are the specialized cells of the body which have the potency to undergo division and form any other cell with specialized functions. These can be used in different therapies, for cell replacement.

What are Stem cells?

Stem cells are the body's raw materials. These cells can divide and generate all other cells of the body with specialized functions. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.

Stem cells have two unique properties that enable them to divide and replace the specialized cells. These can divide over and over again to produce new cells. As they divide, they can change into the other types of cells that make up the body.

In stem cell transplants, stem cells can replace the damaged cells by chemotherapy or disease or serve as a way for the donor's immune system to fight some types of cancer and other diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and multiple myeloma. These transplants can use adult stem cells or umbilical cord blood for replacement of cells.

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Does mitosis more closely resemble meiosis 1 or meiosis 11? Explain your answer.

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The answer would be meiosis 2 because in this separation of sister chromatids occur which is similar if not identical to mitosis.
Final answer:

The main differences between mitosis and meiosis occur in meiosis I, where homologous chromosome pairs undergo crossover and line up randomly. Meiosis I is a reduction division, reducing the ploidy level. Meiosis II is more similar to mitosis.

Explanation:

The main differences between mitosis and meiosis occur in meiosis I. In meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs are bound together, undergo crossover, and line up randomly along the metaphase plate. When the homologs separate, the ploidy level is reduced from two to one. For this reason, meiosis I is referred to as a reduction division. There is no such reduction in ploidy level during mitosis.

Meiosis II is much more similar to mitosis. Duplicated chromosomes (only one set of them) line up on the metaphase plate and sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.

A macromolecul that contains carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen which is used by the body for growth and repair

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I believe this macromolecule that contains all of the mentioned elements and is used by the body for growth and repair would be proteins. Proteins depending on the specific kind, can play an ample amount of functions within the cell.

Answer:

Protein.

Explanation:

Biomolecules may be defined as the organic molecules that are present in the living organisms. Four important types of biomolecule are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Proteins are the polymers of the amino acids. The proteins monomer consists of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins are important for the living organisms all enzymes, antibodies and clotting factors are made up of proteins. The proteins are important for the repair and the growth of the body.

Thus, the answer is proteins.

Saltwater fish constantly drink water but still excrete concentrated urine to compensate for the water loss. They also have gills to help excrete excess salts. Conversely, freshwater fish absorb salt from their surroundings using their gills and their bodies reabsorb salt from their urine. This describes how salt- and freshwater fish _______.
a.
use their gills to drink
b.
keep the salinity levels even in their aquatic environments
c.
have adapted to deal with osmosis
d.
have evolved behavior patterns to match their physiology

Answers

They do not influence the salinity level in their environment, they maintain the salinity in their body. If they don't, osmosis will cause their cells to shrink due to the fact that the salinity in the cell is lower than outside the cell. This will make water leave the cells. So they need to get rid of excess salt all the time. Freshwater fish need to retain the salt in their bodies, otherwise the opposite will happen. Salinity level in the cell is higher than outside the cell and this causes influx of water which will make the cell build up turgor pressure. Ultimately they will explode. So fishes in both environments adapted to deal with osmosis.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

it is c

This is a biological process that requires oxygen.

Answers

The answer is aerobic respiration.
Final answer:

Aerobic respiration is the biological process that requires oxygen to produce energy (in the form of ATP), carbon dioxide and water. Involving the transportation of oxygen via the blood to tissues, this process makes up approximately 95% of our normal energy production. If oxygen was not present in the atmosphere, life would have to rely on different processes such as anaerobic respiration or fermentation.

Explanation:

The biological process that requires oxygen is known as aerobic respiration. This process breaks down glucose or other nutrients in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP - the main source of energy for cells. Approximately 95 percent of the ATP required for resting or moderately active muscles comes from aerobic respiration, taking place in the energy factories of cells, the mitochondria.

During this process, oxygen passes from the lungs into the blood, where it combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. In this state, it's transported to various tissues where it's used for producing energy. Ultimately, the process outputs the waste products carbon dioxide and water, which are transported back to the lungs to be exhaled.

Without the oxygen present in our atmosphere, life as we know it would rely on anaerobic respiration or fermentation. This is because, evolutionarily, some prokaryotes began to use sunlight to photosynthesize, using water as the hydrogen source and releasing O2 as a 'waste' product - in turn allowing for aerobic respiration.

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Which of the following statements is true?

Tsunamis are caused by seismic waves.
Earthquakes create mountain chains.
Erosion is always a destructive force.
A gradual cooling of the interior of a volcano causes volcanic eruptions.

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Tsunamis are caused by seismic waves

Describe in words what occurs during the process represented by the photosynthesis equation. Include the importance of sunlight

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The photosynthesis equation represents the process. The importance of sunlight is it converts water and carbon dioxide into glucose.  

What is photosynthesis?

Plants use their leaves to trap light energy during photosynthesis. Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose, a sugar. Plants use glucose for energy and to generate other compounds such as cellulose and starch.

Photosynthesis converts sunlight energy into high-energy sugars and oxygen by converting water and carbon dioxide (reactants). Plants use photosynthesis to trap light from the sun and convert it into energy.

Therefore, the photosynthesis equation represents the process. Sunlight is important because it transforms water and carbon dioxide into glucose.

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What will happen to an animal cell if placed in a hypotonic solution?

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They will take in water due to osmosis. If the solution in which they are placed is a low enough concentration, such as distilled water, the intake of water will make the cells swell up and eventually burst.

A pea plant that has round seeds has the genotype Rr. It crossed with a pea plant that has wrinkled seeds and the genotype rr. What is the probability that the offspring will have wrinkled seeds

Answers

1/2.
the gene Rr separate to R and r.
the gene rr separate to r and r.
then they mix, turn to
Rr, Rr, rr, rr.
because wrinkled gene r is recessive, so only rr would be wrinkled. the probability would be 2/4=1/2.

Answer:

1/2 or 50%

Explanation:

This question involves a single gene coding for seed shape in pea plants. According to the question, the round allele (R) is dominant over the wrinkled allele (r) i.e. the round allele will mask the phenotypic expression of the wrinkled allele in a heterozygous state (Rr).

According to the question, a pea plant that is heterozygous for seed shape (Rr) is crossed with a homozygous recessive pea plant (rr). The cross will produce four possible offsprings with the genotypes: Rr and rr.

Rr genotype will be phenotypically round-seeded while rr will be phenotypically wrinkled.

Hence, the probability that an offspring with wrinkled seeds will be produced is 1/2 or 50%

plants are classified as

Answers

Plants are classified as a kingdom, formally known as Plantae
Taxonomists at least in the traditional Linnaeus method for classifying plants, separate the plantae kingdom. hope this helps 

Genetic variations may result from which of the following? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

Question 1 options:

Genetic recombination during meiosis.


Errors occuring during DNA replication.


Mitosis producing 2 identical daughter cells.


Cell differentiation, which leads to genetic variation.


Mutations caused by environmental factors.

Answers

Here are the answers to the given question above. Genetic variations may result from Genetic recombination during meiosis, Cell differentiation, which leads to genetic variation, and mitosis producing 2 identical daughter cells. Hope these are the answers that you are looking for.

The allele for a widow's peak has complete dominance over the allele for a straight hairline (w). what is the probability of two parents heterogeneous for a widow's peak (ww) having an offspring without a widow's peak? 25 percent 0 percent 50 percent 75 percent

Answers

Only 25% will not have a widows peak

Answer: The correct and is A or 25 Percent

In humans, the allele for a widow’s peak is dominant to the allele for a straight hairline. In a family with three children, two of the children have a straight hairline and one child has a widow’s peak. Which of the following is possible?
a. Both parents are homozygous for a straight hairline.
b. Both parents are homozygous for a widow’s peak.
c. One parent is homozygous for a straight hairline, and the other is heterozygous.
d. One parent is homozygous for a widow’s peak, and the other is homozygous for a straight hairline. ...?

Answers

The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by your question is the fourth choice or letter D.

 One parent is homozygous for a widow’s peak, and the other is homozygous for a straight hairline would be possible.

I hope my answer has come to your help. Thank you for posting your question here in Brainly. We hope to answer more of your questions and inquiries soon. Have a nice day ahead!
Final answer:

The correct answer is that one parent is homozygous for a straight hairline (ww) and the other parent is heterozygous (Ww), allowing for the possibility of having children with either a widow's peak or a straight hairline.

Explanation:

In humans, the allele for a widow's peak is dominant to the allele for a straight hairline. If two of the children have a straight hairline and one child has a widow's peak, it's possible that each parent carried at least one copy of the allele for a straight hairline. Let's denote the dominant allele for a widow's peak as 'W' and the recessive allele for a straight hairline as 'w'.

Option a, both parents being homozygous for a straight hairline (ww), cannot be true because they wouldn't have a child with a widow's peak. Option b, both parents being homozygous for a widow's peak (WW), is not possible because they would not be able to have a child with a straight hairline. Option d, one parent being homozygous for a widow's peak and the other being homozygous for a straight hairline, also cannot be true because all children would have a widow's peak. Therefore, option c, one parent being homozygous for a straight hairline (ww) and the other parent being heterozygous (Ww), is possible. This would allow for a 50% chance of having a child with a straight hairline and a 50% chance of having a child with a widow's peak.

In soils with distinct soil horizons, the bottom zone is the..... a.) parent material b.) a horizon c.) b horizon d.) subsoil

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A. Parent material, is the bottom zone

The correct answer is option (a). Parent material

The soil horizon refers to distinct layers of the soils, which are parallel to one another, but have a different composition from the layer present above and below to it.

The soil horizon can be divided into four different layers. First one is organic layer, which is the topmost layer, below this layer second layer of topsoil is present. Below top soil, subsoil is present. Below subsoil, the bottom most horizon parent material is present.

True false: sister chromatids are created for each of the multiple chromosomes found in the cell's nucleus.

Answers

its true..

hope this helps you

What are the five categories of adaptations?

Answers

The five categories of the adaptations are migration, hibernation, dormancy, camouflage, and estivation. The migration can be defined as the phenomenon of the movement of the animals from one region to another in order for their survival. Hibernation can be defined as the inactive state of the animals, in which they enter to escape from the cold weather. Dormancy is also a state of inactivity which is adapted by animals in order to escape harsh environmental conditions, such as lack of water. Camouflage can be defined as the ability of the animals to blend in with their surrounding environment, in order to escape predators. Estivation can be defined as dormant state adapted by animals to escape the harsh summer weather.

The five categories of adaptation are migration, hibernation, dormancy, camouflage, and estivation.

What is adaptation?

Adaptation is the tendency of organisms to change their characteristics according to the environment or their surroundings. These changes are necessary for better survival.

Migration is changing the place temporarily or permanently to places for better conditions like temperature, or area. Like birds in winter, move to high temperatures areas.

Hibernation is slowing down your life activities to save energy for the body. Camouflage is adapting or changing its body structure to save them from predators. Estivation and dormancy are also adaptations of animals.

Thus, migration, hibernation, dormancy, camouflage, and estivation are the five categories of adaptation.

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How does the structure of phylogeny charts explain homologous structures in organisms?

New species branch off ancestral species, so two species can have similarities in body structure.

All old species die off as soon as new species emerge, which explains why current species have traits of extinct species.

In different lineages of organisms, two organisms may have similar structures that evolved in different ways.

All organisms mutate their genome automatically when an environment changes, creating new traits and structures.

Answers

All organisms mutate their genome automatically when an environment changes, creating new traits and structures.

The structure of phylogeny charts explain homologous structures in organisms by all organisms mutate their genome automatically when an environment changes, creating new traits and structures.

What is  phylogeny charts?

The chart that tells about evolutionary relationship with organism or species.

The Phylogeny charts used by scientist to show the evolutionary path and connection among organisms.

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In the hills of north carolina, several different species of wrens live in one large pine tree. this is possible because the wrens

Answers

Each have a different niche

Answer:

b)

Explanation:

explain importance of osmosis in the production of urine in the kidney nephron

Answers

Your kidneys are so important they even have an effect on your blood pressure. The kidneys control plasma volume by controlling how much water a person excretes. The plasma volume has a direct effect on the total blood volume, which has a direct effect on your blood pressure. Salt(NaCl)will cause osmosis to happen; the diffusion of water into the blood

The largest pod is a type i. (
a. true (
b. false

Answers

false false false. false

1. Which statement most accurately describes the process of respiration?
Select one:
a. It occurs only in plants during the daylight hours and usually involves the exchange of gases.
b. It occurs only in plants during the daylight hours and involves the taking in of preformed organic molecules.
c. It occurs continuously in the cells of all organisms and involves the synthesis of carbohydrate molecules.
d. It occurs continuously in the cells of all organisms and often involves an exchange of gases.

Answers

The correct answer is D
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