The efficiency of energy transfer in a food chain is only about 10% due to the energy loss in the form of heat at each trophic level, which is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. As a result, after a limited number of energy transfers, there's not enough energy left to support another trophic level, limiting the length of food chains.
Explanation:The transfer of energy in a food chain is usually only about 10 percent efficient due to the second law of thermodynamics, which accounts for the loss of energy at each trophic level. This loss comes in the form of heat during the metabolic processes of organisms, such as respiration. An organism, for instance, only utilizes a small fraction of its consumed energy to do work or grow, with the majority lost as heat or stored as fat.
The concept of Trophic Level Transfer Efficiency (TLTE) serves to quantify this phenomenon. Taking the Silver Springs ecosystem as an example, the available energy from the primary producers (7,618 kcal/m²/yr) to the primary consumers resulted in the magnitude of 1,103 kcal/m²/yr, with the rest lost as heat or employed in respiration. Another related concept is the net primary productivity, which comprises the energy that remains in the primary producers after accounting for their individual energy requirements and heat loss.
Due to the successive energy losses at each trophic level, after a certain number of energy transfers, there is not enough energy remaining in the food chain to support another level. This principle explains the limited length of food chains in most ecosystems.
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the probability that the offspring will be brown colored cat with a long tail is ___
a.25%
b.50%
c.75%
d.100%
The correct answer is option a. 25%.
We need to find out the brown colored cats with long tail.
So, the genotype of the individual must have atleast one B allele and ss allele.
From the punette square given above
The number of offspring having Bbss or Bsbs is 4.
Total number of the offspring is 16.
So, the probability of the brown cat with a long tail is [tex]\frac{4}{16} =\frac{1}{4}[/tex] =25%.
Hence, the brown cat with a long tail are 25% of the total population
What two components are often found as part of an enzyme?
Answer:
The correct answer is - Protein (the apoenzyme) and active site (cofactor).
Explanation:
The two components which often present as the part of an enzyme are active site and protein. The part which is protein consists of one or more than one chain of the amino acids that form macromolecules. They perform an essential function within an individual organism.
An active site is the part of an enzyme that binds with the substrate molecule and initiates the enzyme reaction by regulating the chemical reaction.
Thus, the correct answer is - Protein (the apoenzyme) and active site (cofactor).
what hormone that causes a decrease in blood glucose
Because there is more oxygen in an alveolus (sac in the lung) than in the blood around it, oxygen diffuses
Answer:
When there is more oxygen in alveolar sac than in blood capillaries, oxygen will diffuse from alveolar sac to blood capillaries.
Explanation:
The concept behind this is very simple. Oxygen or carbon dioxide move according to their partial pressure differences at various places. Gases always move from an area of high partial pressure to an area of low partial pressure. Pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. Near the alveoli of lungs exchange of gases take place. Oxygen from the inhaled air enters into the blood capillaries and carbon dioxide from the blood capillaries move into the alveolar sac for exhalation.
Why is the small intestine up to 26 feet long?
________ is the area at the headwaters of a stream where most of the sediment is derived.
What are X-Rays used for?
A. cook food
B. form images of internal organs
C. get TV signals
Answer:
B
Explanation:
To look inside of human body and see all the organs and other stuff.
Some soils, like clay, hold water tightly. Other soils, like sand, let the water run through. What property of soils is MOST IMPORTANT in determining how water moves through the soil? A) color B) layers C) size of particles D) earthworms present
Answer:
its c: layers
Explanation:
Which one of the following characteristics of Archaea enables them to survive in extreme environments?
A.Their ability to survive on other sources of energy if the required resources are not present.
B.The presence of peptidoglycan in their cell wall, which increases their ability to thrive in extreme conditions.
C.Their highly locomotive abilities which enable them to move to suitable environments.
what can happen to the soil after the mice have destroyed the roots of the grass?
Because of their physical capabilities, mice can cause significant damage. They are ultimate climbers and swimmers. Mice lives in grassy or bushy habitats, where they nest underground in shallow burrows or aboveground in densely vegetated area. They damage the roots of plants that leads to their destruction.
What are the methods to control mice?Mice gnaw and severely damage the bark and roots of young trees. Biting into ripening tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, peas, and other fruit close to the ground.
By digging tunnels, they continuously mix waste and food stores with the soil. The nutrients from the food they eat are thus quickly returned to the soil.
Thus, in this way mice affect the soil leading to destruction of roots.
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can you help me Create an analogy describing how 3-4 components of the endocrine system communicate with each other and function effectively.
The endocrine system has many glands that interact with each other through feedback mechanisms to ensure that the correct amounts of hormones are produced at the right time.
How does the endocrine system work?Numerous hormones control a variety of bodily processes, including electrolyte balance, growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction. The body's many glands all create hormones. A variety of releasing and inhibiting hormones from the brain work on the pituitary gland to promote the production of pituitary hormones.While some pituitary hormones have an indirect effect on target organs, others act on other glands spread across the body. The adrenal glands, which predominantly create cortisol, the parathyroid gland, which produces parathyroid hormone, and the pancreas, which produces insulin and glucagon, are additional hormone-producing glands found throughout the body. Many of these hormones are components of regulatory hormonal cascades that also include hormones from the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and one or more target glands.The feedback mechanisms among various endocrine glands act in a loop and ensure the smooth functions of the endocrine system.
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Which RNA base pairs with the adenine In DNA
Answer:
The correct answer is uracil.
Explanation:
The associations between the nucleobases take place via the complementarity of nucleobases. In the DNA, the base complements are adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine. In the RNA, the base complements are adenine-uracil and guanine-cytosine. Thus, only DNA comprises thymine, while in RNA uracil is found in place of thymine.
RNA is a kind of nucleic acid, which performs an essential function in the flow of information from the DNA to the proteins. For the expression of the gene, information has to be conducted via RNA. Each nucleotide in RNA comprises a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases in RNA comprise guanine, adenine, uracil, and cytosine, that is, thymine gets substituted with uracil.
In one type of dog, black spots (B) are dominant over brown spots (b) and long tails (L) are dominant over short tails (l). Complete a dihybrid cross for parents with the genotypes: BbLL × BBLl and answer the following in complete sentences.
1. Describe how you would set up a Punnett square for this cross.
2. List the likelihood of each possible offspring genotype.
3. List the likelihood of each possible offspring phenotype.
Assuming genes that assort independently, do not interact, and express complete dominance, the expected genotypes are 25% BBLL, 25% BBLl, 25% BbLl, 25% BbLL. The expected phenotype is 100% black spots and long tails
---------------------------------
Available data:
Two diallelic genes. One codes for spots color. The other one codes for tail length.
Spots
B is the dominant allele and codes for back spotsb is the recessive allele and codes for brown spotsTail length
L is the dominant allele and codes for long taill is the recessive allele and codes for short tailCross:
Parentals) BbLL x BBLl
Gametes) BL, BL, bL, bL BL, BL, Bl, Bl
Punnett square) BL BL bL bL
BL BBLL BBLL BbLL BbLL
BL BBLL BBLL BbLL BbLL
Bl BBLl BBLl BbLl BbLl
Bl BBLl BBLl BbLl BbLl
1. Describe how you would set up a Punnett square for this cross.
To make the Punnett square, first, you need to define the parental genotypes. Then you need to define the gametes each parent contributes.
The gametes of one parent are placed in the upper part of the square, while those of the other parent are placed on the left side.
The square is filled with a combination of gametes.
2. List the likelihood of each possible offspring genotype.
F1) Genotype
4/16 = 25% BBLL, h0m0zyg0us dominant for both genes4/16 = 25% BBLl, h0m0zyg0us dominant for B gene, heter0zyg0us for L gene4/16 = 25% BbLL, h0m0zyg0us dominant for L gene, heter0zyg0us for B gene4/16 = 25% BbLl, heter0zyg0us for both genes.
3. List the likelihood of each possible offspring phenotype.
Phenotype
16/16 = 100% dogs with black spots and long tails, B-L-.Note that the symbol - represents either a dominant or recessive allele.
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It is impossible to____ and talk at the same time.A. listen, B. breathe, C. hear. Hearing is when the sound reaches your ears. Listening, however, when it reaches your brain.Hearing is when the sound reaches your ears. Listening, however, when it reaches your brain
The correct answer is option A
Listening is the ability of the brain to understand and react to the words. both the ears and brain is involved in the action of listening.
But hearing only involves the ears not the brain.
While we are talking to somebody we can easily hear all the things that is said but when it comes to listening we need to stay focused as it involves brain.
So, it is impossible to listen while we are talking.
Which three elements make up most of the human body?
Answer:
The three elements make up most of the human body are
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon
3. Hydrogen
Explanation
The human body is made up of many different elements, but oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen these elements are present in abundance.
Oxygen: oxygen is the first major element that is present in the abundant, about 65 percent total weight of a human body is made up of oxygen. Oxygen is consumed by both inhalation and exhalation process.Carbon: It is the second most important element of the human body, about 18 percent total weight of a human body is made up of carbon.carbon is consumed by the food material.hydrogen: It is the third major element of the human body, about 9 percent of the total weight of the human body is made of hydrogen. In a water molecule, two hydrogen are there.1. ________ are nutrients that supply the main energy source for the body, in the form of sugars.
2. Which of the following is not a type of tissue of the human body?
A.
bone
B.
muscle
C.
connective
D.
epithelial
What is the product of translation? a strand of rna, an amino acid chain, a nucleic acid chain, or a strand of dna
Two cells in the same organism differ only in the number of chloroplasts they contain. The first cell has multiple chloroplasts, and the second cell has very few.
What would most likely characterize these cells?
A. There would be no difference between the functioning of the cells because the chloroplasts are not essential cell structures.
B. The second cell would become larger because it would have fewer chloroplasts regulating its size and shape.
C. The second cell would shrink because it would not be able to store water and maintain cell shape.
D.The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture sunlight.
The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture sunlight. This would most likely characterize these cells because the reason of the chloroplasts that use sunlight energy to make sugar molecules.
Hence, if a cell has more chloroplasts then it would be able to produce more sugar which means more food. But if a cell has less chloroplast then it would not capture sunlight and there will be less food. Consequently, chloroplasts are very important for cell in making food.
Answer: D.The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture sunlight.
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are the membrane bound organelles which are typically present on the leaves cells of the plant. These organelles exhibit specialized green pigments called as as chlorophyll. These pigments are capable of absorbing the light energy from sun which is required by these plants for the process of photosynthesis.
In the given situation, the first cell having multiple chloroplasts will be able to produce food by the process of photosynthesis. The second cell having few chloroplast will not be efficient in conducting photosynthesis like the first cell.
On the basis of the above description, D.The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture sunlight is the correct option.
What often happens to rocks that undergo chemical weathering?
A. They form crystals.
B. They produce acids.
C. They become stronger.
D. They crumble more easily
Both cellular respiration and the burning of fossils fuels release energy. This can be attributed to
A)
the breaking of bonds during oxidation.
B)
the reduction of carbon to carbon dioxide.
C)
the formation of bonds in new organic compounds.
Eliminate
D)
the hydrolysis of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen.
The answer is
A) the breaking of bonds during oxidation.
Fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon which contains carbon and hydrogen and when it is burnt the carbon forms carbon dioxide and the hydrogen forms water. For both these processes the fuel uses free oxygen from the air. In both cases the formation of the Carbon-Oxygen and Hydrogen-Oxygen chemical bonds produces energy in the form of heat.
a virus is unlike an organism in that the virus is __________.
A virus is unlike an organism in that the virus is not considered a living organism.
Unlike organisms, viruses lack the essential characteristics of life, such as the ability to grow, reproduce independently, and carry out metabolic processes.
Instead, viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require a host cell to replicate and carry out their life cycle. They consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat but lack cellular structures or machinery.
Viruses cannot perform vital life functions on their own and are inert outside a host cell.
Their replication involves hijacking the host cell's machinery to produce new viral particles, highlighting their distinct nature from living organisms.
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Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries.
true or false?
On the electromagnetic spectrum,
infrared waves have
A. more energy than radio waves but less than microwaves.
B. more energy than radio waves and microwaves.
C. the same energy as microwaves.
During a quiet eruption, a lava flow may set fire to and then bury everything in its path. true or false
The answer is True.
When a volcano erupts, that lava or magma it's made of liquid rock from the earth's core.
It's between 700º and 1200ºC, and it's not possible to control it.
The amount of lava depends on the volcano but, the flow will set on fire everything that touches until the flow stops and goes cooler.
Compare and contrast the cell walls of fungi and plants. (PLEASE EXPLAIN)
1) Both cell walls provide structural support but fungi is made of polysaccharides and chitin and plants are made of cellulose.
2) Both cell walls provide protection but fungi are made of cellulose and plants are made of polysaccharides and chitin.
3) Fungi cell walls are made of lipids and plant cell walls are made of nucleic acids.
4) Fungi cell walls and plant cell walls have structures called hyphae.
Correct answer: A) Both cell walls provide structural support but fungi is made of polysaccharides and chitin and plants are made of cellulose.
The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose. It is a complex carbohydrate that is used for the protection and provides structural support to plants. The cell wall of plants has chloroplast.
While the cell wall of fungi does not have chloroplast, they possess a rigid layer of complex polysaccharides called as chitin. It is also known to be found in the exoskeleton of insects and it is known to provide strength to the fungal cell wall.
Hence, the correct answer would be option A.
Which of the following best explains why vultures are NOT decomposers?
Vultures stalk their prey before killing and eating it.
Vultures do not break down wastes, and only consume meat.
Vultures only eat plants, making them primary consumers.
Vultures only pick at bugs, grub, and other microscopic organisms.
Answer:
Vultures do not break down wastes, and only consume meat.
The biomass pyramids for phytoplankton and trees in their respective environments are _______.
a.
both inverted
b.
the same
c.
opposite
d.
both normal
Answer:
C
Explanation:
edge 2020
Where do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
Stroma of chloroplast
Grana of chloroplast
Membrane of chloroplast
Answer:
Stroma of chloroplast
Explanation:
How can a mixture of sand and water be separated?
A) Chromatography
B) Magnetic Attraction
C) With a Filter
D) Crystallization
what types of animal cells are most similar to undifferentiated plant cells in a tissue culture