Answer:
At the gaseous phase the intermolecular force of attraction between atoms becomes far apart. The atoms can easily be added up with an electron or electrons can be removed from an atom.
Higher energy is required in this process.
Explanation:
Why do scientists use atoms in the gas phase to measure ionization energies and electron affinities
Electron Affinity is where there is a change in energy when electron is added to atom in its gaseous phase. The atom becomes negatively charged.
Ionization Energy is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from gaseous atom.
At the gaseous phase the intermolecular force of attraction between atoms becomes far apart. The atoms can easily be added up with an electron or electrons can be removed from an atom.
Explain why it is harder to remove an inner shell electron than a valence electron from an atom?
What happens to the molecules of water when water changes from a liquid to a vapor?
They become smaller.
They become heavier.
They move farther apart.
They increase in number.
When water changes from a liquid to a vapor: They move farther apart.
What's a molecule?The molecule is a collection of extra atoms that shape the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance may be divided and still maintain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.
A molecule may be homonuclear, this is, it consists of atoms of 1 chemical detail, e.g. atoms in the oxygen molecule (O2); or it is able to be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of a couple of detail, e.g. water two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O.
Atoms and complexes linked by means of non-covalent interactions, consisting of hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are typically no longer considered unmarried molecules.
Molecules as components of matter are common. additionally they make up maximum of the oceans and surroundings. maximum organic materials are molecules. The substances of existence are molecules, e.g. proteins, the amino acids of which they may be composed, the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), sugars, carbohydrates, fat, and nutrients. The nutrient minerals are normally ionic compounds, consequently they're now not molecules, e.g. iron sulfate
What are the three styles of molecules?varieties of MOLECULES
Diatomic Molecules -- A diatomic atom is composed of the simplest atoms, of equal or one-of-a-kind chemical factors.Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules -- A heteronuclear diatomic molecule consists of atoms of the same element blended. OXYGEN MOLECULE.CARBON MONOXIDE MOLECULE (CO).Learn more about molecules here: https://brainly.com/question/26044300
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Balance this redox reaction occurring in acidic media:
Cr2O7[2-](aq) + Cl[-](aq) <---> Cr[3+] (aq) + Cl2(g)
Choose one property of water that makes it unique describe the property and explain the chemical or physical reasons that causes water to have to property.
Water has high heat specific capacity. Heat specific capacity is the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of one gram of particular substance by one degree Celsius. The high specific heat capacity of water is due to the hydrogen bond that exist among the molecules of water. The hydrogen bond is quite strong and it will take a lot of heat to break the bonds. Thus, it takes a lot of heating to increased the temperature of water by one degree Celsius. This is also the reason why water has high boiling point.
When nitrogen and magnesium form an ionic bond, what is the formula?
N3Mg2
N2Mg3
Mg2N3
Mg3N2
#1: 2H2O + 2K (s) 2KOH (l) + 2H2 (g) is an example of which type of reaction?
A. single-displacement
B. combustion
C. decomposition
D. double-displacement
Answer:
D) double-displacement
Explanation:
In a displacement reaction, one or more atoms replace one or more atoms of a given molecule to form a new one.
In this case, two atoms of K replace two atoms of H in the water molecules two form H2 and KOH.
Is double because two displacement happen in the global reaction equation.
which of the following is required to change the state of matter?
The correct answer is "The addition or removal of energy".
why is toast a chemical change?
Toasting bread is a chemical change because it causes chemical reactions that create new substances with different properties than the original bread. The Maillard reaction during toasting forms new compounds, making this process irreversible.
Explanation:Toast is an example of a chemical change because the process of toasting bread results in the bread undergoing chemical reactions that change its chemical composition. When you heat bread in a toaster, the carbohydrates in the bread undergo a process called the Maillard reaction, which creates new compounds like melanoidins that give toast its distinctive flavor and color. The heat also causes starches to break down into simpler sugars. These changes are not reversible, creating new substances with different chemical properties than the original bread. Therefore, toasting bread is a chemical reaction and not a physical change.
How does the solubility of a gas change with increasing temperature??
The official web site of the Nobel Prize explains that Marie Curie’s chemistry prize was partly for her discovery that the radioactivity of a substance is unaffected when it undergoes a chemical reaction. What does this discovery imply?
A.Radioactivity involves all particles that make up an atom.
B.Radioactivity involves the particles that make up an atom’s nucleus.
C.Radioactivity involves only neutrons.
D.Radioactivity involves only the electrons in an atom’s electron cloud.
Answer:
The answer is A on edg hope that helps
rubidium and cesium have similar chemical properties because, in the ground state, the atoms of both each have
2. An atom has 2 protons in its nucleus. Which of the following must be true for this atom to have no net electrical charge?
The atom has 2 negatively charged electrons in the nucleus.
The atom also has 2 positively charged neutrons in the nucleus.
The atom has 2 negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus.
The 2 positive protons have no influence on the overall charge of the atom.
What is the distance from one crest to the next crest is the??
Answer:
wavelength
Explanation:
The distance from one crest to the next crest is called the wavelength.
How many grams of tin are found in 3.50 moles of tin ?
Sully is riding a snowmobile on a flat, snow-covered surface with a constant velocity of 10 meters/second. The total mass of the snowmobile, including Sully, is 280 kilograms. If Sully accelerates to a velocity of 16 meters/second over 10 seconds, what’s the force exerted by the snowmobile to accelerate? Use F = ma, where .
Answer : 168 Newtons.
Explanation : At first when Sully is riding a snowmobile on a flat, snow covered surface with the constant velocity of 10 meters/second, the total mass is 280 Kg;
When sully accelerates to velocity of 16 meters/second over 10 seconds.
The net change in constant velocity will be 16 - 10 = 6;
Therefore, net acceleration will be the ratio of change in velocity by time;
6 / 10 = 0. 6 meters/second.
Using the given formula for finding the force will be F = ma
Here, m = 280 Kg a = 0.6
Therefore, Force = 280 X 0.6 = 168 Newtons.
So, the force exerted by the snowmobile to accelerate will be 168 Newtons.
hydrogen can be obtained economically as a byproduct in the electrolysis of
Hydrogen is obtained as a byproduct during the electrolysis of water. This involves passing an electrical current through water containing an electrolyte such as sulphuric acid. The process results in twice the volume of hydrogen gas at the cathode compared to oxygen at the anode because hydrogen is diatomic.
Explanation:Hydrogen can be economically obtained as a byproduct in the electrolysis of water, a common electrolyte. This process involves the passage of direct current electricity through water, which contains an electrolyte such as H₂SO₄ (sulphuric acid). The hydrogen forms at the cathode (negative electrode), and oxygen evolves at the anode (positive electrode). The electrolysis of water, therefore, produces stoichiometric amounts of oxygen gas at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode, with twice the volume of hydrogen gas produced due to the fact that hydrogen is diatomic.
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What happens to the mass of a sample containing a radioactive element during its half-life?
A. The mass decreases by half. B. The amount of mass is doubled. C. Eventually there is no mass at all. D. The mass remains the same.
OPTION A
The mass of a sample containing a radioactive element decreases to half its original value during its half-life, following an exponential decay pattern.
Explanation:During the half-life of a radioactive element, the mass of a sample containing this element decreases to half its original value. For instance, if we start with 100 grams of a radioactive isotope, after one half-life period, the sample will have decayed to provide 50 grams of the radioactive isotope. As time progresses and several half-lives pass, the amount present continues this pattern of reduction. After two half-lives, this amount will be 25 grams, and so on. This decay process follows what is known as exponential decay, where with each half-life, half of the remaining radioactive nuclei decay.
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Which of the following is a quantitative property of minerals?
A. Cleavage
B. Hardness
C. Luster
D. Streak
Answer: B. Hardness
Explanation:
Qualitative properties are properties that are observed and can generally not be measured using a numerical value. Example : Cleavage, Luster , streak
Quantitative properties are properties that are observed and can generally be measured using a numerical value. Example: hardness
Hardness of minerals is the resistance of a material to deformation. It is measured using Moh's scale which ranges from 1 to 10 and thus have a numerical value.
Thus Hardness is a quantitative property of minerals.
For which element are the number of protons, electron, and neutrons are 36, 36, and 48 respectively? a cadmium b rubidium c bromine d krypton
Atoms of different elements cannot have the same atomic number since only atoms of the same kind unite to produce an element. Atoms from different elements may have distinct atomic numbers. Therefore, the correct option is option d.
What is element?Element is made up of atoms or atoms together to make element. Atoms of a given element are always the same, which means that all of the properties among all atoms within one kind of element are the same.
Two or more atoms with dissimilar physical or chemical characteristics cannot unite to form an element. For Krypton element, the number of protons, electron, and neutrons are 36, 36, and 48 respectively.
Therefore, for Krypton element, the number of protons, electron, and neutrons are 36, 36, and 48 respectively. the correct option is option d.
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A magnet is an example of a
contact force
distance force
gravitational force
electrical force
what type of reaction occurs between aqueous ammonia solution and an acid?
need it before tomorrow.
Answer:
Neutralization reaction occurs between aqueous ammonia solution and an acid.
Explanation:
Reaction that takes place between aqueous ammonia and acid is neutralization reaction.
A neutralization reaction is defined as chemical reaction between acid and base which results in formation of salt and water as a product.
[tex]NH_3(g)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow NH_4OH(aq)[/tex]
So, when HCl reacts with liquid ammonia it gives aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and water as a predict.
[tex]NH_4OH(aq)+HCl(aq)\rightarrow NH_4Cl(aq)+H_2O(l)[/tex]
Is the following equation balanced? 2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2
Yes
No
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
A chemical equation is balanced if the number of atom of elements on the reactant side is equal to the number of atom of elements on the product sides.
According to the equation above the chemical equation is balanced .From the equation 2 moles of sodium reacted with 2 moles of water to form 2 moles of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
On the reactant side(left side), the sodium has 2 atom of sodium and the water molecule has 4 atom of hydrogen and 2 atom of oxygen.
On the product side(product side), the sodium hydroxide compound have 2 atom of sodium , 2 atoms of oxygen and 2 atoms of hydrogen . The hydrogen gas has 2 atoms of hydrogen. Adding the hydrogen atom on the product side will give you 4 atoms of hydrogen.
From the illustration above you could notice the equation is balanced.
What parts of Dalton’s atomic theory no longer agree with the current picture of the atom? Provide an answer using 3 – 4 sentences in your own words.
List at least four dangers that are associated with earthquakes!!!!!!!1
NEED HELP ASAP !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Earthquakes may lead to
a) damage to buildings / houses
b) Tsunami
c) Damage to electricity supply
d) Life threatening Harm to animals
e) Life threatening harm to humans
Four dangers that are associated with earthquakes are tsunamis, landslides, soil liquefaction, and flood.
Further explanations:
Earthquake is defined as the sudden shivering of the Earth’s surface due to the release of energy from inside the Earth. The energy is released in the form of seismic waves which can range to such a large extent that it can toss people here and there and can even ruin a whole city.
Elastic rebound theory explains the process of discharge of energy during an earthquake. During the distortion of the Earth's Crust, the alternate sides of the Earth's crust suffer a shear stress and it continues until the internal rigidity exceeds. The fault separates along a rapture calls fault line and the sudden movement releases a mass-energy that divides the plates into two halves. The energy discharged during this process is known as Seismic Wave.
If the epicenter of the earthquake lies in the sea bed then it is sufficient to create Tsunami waves and can even lead to a volcanic eruption from inside the sea. In terrestrial area is more hazardous as it creates landslides, liquefaction, and devastating floods.
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Answer Details
Grade: High School
Subject: Geography
Chapter: Earthquake
Keywords: Earthquake, seismic waves,Elastic rebound theory, earthquake, Earth's Crust, mass-energy, Seismic Wave,epicenter, Tsunami waves, volcanic eruption, landslides, liquefaction, devastating floods.
How many atoms are in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP?
A.) 6.023 × 1023
B.) 3.54846 × 1024
C.) 3.548 × 1024
D.) 1.0645 × 1025
To find the number of atoms in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP, divide the volume by 22.4 L/mol to get the moles, then multiply by Avogadro's number and the number of atoms per water molecule, resulting in approximately 1.0645 × 10²⁵ atoms.
The question asks how many atoms are in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP (standard temperature and pressure), which is a chemistry problem involving concepts around molar volume and Avogadro's number.
At STP, one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters.
Therefore, the number of moles of water vapor in 131.97 liters can be found by dividing the total volume by the volume of one mole, which results in approximately 5.89 moles of water vapor.
Since water (H2O) consists of 3 atoms per molecule and the number of molecules in one mole of any substance is 6.022 × 1023 (Avogadro's number), we can calculate the total number of atoms in the given volume of water vapor as follows:
5.89 moles × 3 atoms/molecule × 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mole = 1.0645 × 10²⁵ atoms.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.) 1.0645 × 10²⁵ atoms.
75.0 moles of argon gas at stp
The volume of 75.0 moles of argon gas at STP is 1680 liters, calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the molar volume of 22.4 L/mole.
The question pertains to the properties of argon gas under different conditions, specifically its behavior at standard temperature and pressure (STP), and how its volume can be calculated using the ideal gas law.
At STP, one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L. Therefore, for 75.0 moles of argon, the volume can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the molar volume at STP.
Volume
= moles ×molar volume at STP
= 75.0 moles × 22.4 L/mol
= 1680 L
Which of the following ions would represent the ion of an element from Group 2A?
A. X2-
B. Y3+
C. Z+
D. A2+
An element belongs to particular group is related to the number of electrons present in the outer shell of the atoms. In given case, group is 2, therefore, number of valence electrons is 2 implies it has ability to lose two electrons to get +2 charge.
[tex]A\rightarrow A^{+2}+2e^{-}[/tex]
Therefore, ion formed after removal of two electrons is [tex]A^{2+}[/tex].
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.
The ion of an element from Group 2A can be represented as D. A²⁺
The periodic table shows the arrangement of elements into groups and periods.
Group II elements are elements with 2 electrons in the outermost shell (hence they have 2 valence electrons).
Group II element can lose this 2 valence electrons thereby forming a +2 cation.
The ion of an element from Group 2A can be represented as D. A²⁺
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In a coffee shop, the following coffee samples are prepared for customers. i. 10 g of sugar added to 100 g of coffee ii. 10 g of sugar added to 200 g of coffee iii. 4 g of sugar added to 200 g of coffee iv. 4 g of sugar added to 100 g of coffee Based on the amount of sugar added, which sequence ranks the coffee from the sweetest coffee to the least-sweet coffee?
The sequence that ranked the coffee from the sweetest coffee to the least-sweet coffee is: i, ii, iv, iii
To obtain the correct answer to the question, we shall determine the percentage of sugar in each solution. This is illustrated below:
i. How to determine the percentage of the sugarMass of sugar = 10 gMass of coffee = 100 gPercentage of sugar =?Percentage = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100
Percentage of sugar = (10 / 100) × 100
Percentage of sugar = 10%
ii. How to determine the percentage of the sugarMass of sugar = 10 giiMass of coffee = 200 gPercentage of sugar =?Percentage = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100
Percentage of sugar = (10 / 200) × 100
Percentage of sugar = 5%
iii. How to determine the percentage of the sugarMass of sugar = 4 gMass of coffee = 200 gPercentage of sugar =?Percentage = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100
Percentage of sugar = (4 / 200) × 100
Percentage of sugar = 2%
iv. How to determine the percentage of the sugarMass of sugar = 4 gMass of coffee = 100 gPercentage of sugar =?Percentage = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100
Percentage of sugar = (4 / 100) × 100
Percentage of sugar = 4%
Thus, the sequce from sweetest coffee to the least sweet coffee is i, ii, iv, iii
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Final answer:
The sweetness of the coffee depends on the amount of sugar added, with more sugar making it sweeter. The sequence from sweetest to least sweet is: 10 g of sugar added to 200 g of coffee, 10 g of sugar added to 100 g of coffee, 4 g of sugar added to 200 g of coffee, 4 g of sugar added to 100 g of coffee.
Explanation:
The sweetness of the coffee can be determined by the amount of sugar added to it. Comparing the sequences, we can see that the coffee with the largest amount of sugar added will be the sweetest, and the coffee with the least amount of sugar added will be the least sweet. So, the sequence that ranks the coffee from the sweetest to the least sweet is:
10 g of sugar added to 200 g of coffee
10 g of sugar added to 100 g of coffee
4 g of sugar added to 200 g of coffee
4 g of sugar added to 100 g of coffee
A rocket uses an engine that creates thrust through the combustion of a liquid fuel and an oxidizer. What kind of rocket is this?
The kind of rocket described is a liquid-fueled rocket.
Fuel and Oxidizer: The fuel and oxidizer are stored separately as liquids. Common examples are liquid hydrogen (fuel) and liquid oxygen (oxidizer).
Combustion: When the fuel and oxidizer are pumped into the combustion chamber, they mix and ignite to produce thrust. This reaction produces high-pressure gases that are expelled through the rocket nozzle, propelling the rocket forward.
Control: Liquid-fueled rockets can be throttled, shut down, and restarted, offering greater flexibility than solid-fueled rockets. This makes them ideal for missions requiring precise maneuvers.
Example: The Space Shuttle used liquid-fueled main engines that burned liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. In addition, it had solid rocket boosters that used a solid fuel mixture.
Many free radicals combine to form molecules that do not contain any unpaired electrons. The driving force for the radical-radical combination reaction is the formation of a new electron-pair bond. Write Lewis formulas for the reactant and product species in the following chemical equation. Include nonbonding electrons.
N(g)+NO(g) = NNO(g)
The Lewis formula is structural representation that indicates the bonding between atom of a molecule by line and dots used to indicates the electron position around the atoms, electron pair is known as lone pair of electrons shown by pair of dots. The electrons indicated in the structure are valence electrons.
The given atoms are [tex]N (g)[/tex] and [tex]O (g)[/tex].
[tex]N (g)[/tex], whose atomic number is 7.
Electronic configuration for [tex]N (g)[/tex] is [tex]2, 5[/tex].
Number of valence shell electrons for [tex]N (g)[/tex] is 5.
[tex]O (g)[/tex], whose atomic number is 8.
Electronic configuration for [tex]O (g)[/tex] is [tex]2, 6[/tex].
Number of valence shell electrons for [tex]O (g)[/tex] is 6.
The Lewis formula for [tex]N (g)[/tex] and [tex]O (g)[/tex] is shown in the image.
The atoms combine to form molecule in order to complete their octet that is to get 8 electrons in their valence shell and get stabilize in nature.
The total number of valence shell electrons in [tex]NNO(g)[/tex] is:
[tex]2(5)+6 = 16 electrons[/tex]
The distribution of electrons in the atom will take place in such a way that formation of triple bond will take place between two nitrogen atoms and a single bond will form between nitrogen and oxygen atom. In order to complete their octet, the nitrogen atom in center will possess 1+ formal charge and oxygen will possess 1- charge (oxygen is electronegative atom). Thus, results in formation of neutral molecule.
The formal charge on each atom is calculated using:
[tex]Valence electrons - Nonbonding electrons - \frac{Bonding electrons}{2}[/tex]
The Lewis formula of [tex]NNO(g)[/tex] is shown in the image.
The Lewis structure corresponding to the reactants and products in the reaction is attached in the image.
Further Explanation:
The free radicals are high energy chemical species that must stabilize themselves either via electron combination with another free radical or abstraction of proton from another radical.
The Lewis structure is the chemical representation of an element along with the nonbonding pairs. For covalent molecules, the number of electrons involved in bonding and the remaining nonbonding pairs can be represented while writing the Lewis structures. Lewis structures along with the formal charges that they carry help predict the geometry, polarity, and reactivity of the molecules.
The nitrogen radical itself is unstable, and nitrogen monoxide also has an unpaired electron. So these two reactants can stabilize themselves by combination of their unpaired electron and form dinitrogen oxide molecule.
Lewis structure of [tex]{{\mathbf{N}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{O}}[/tex]:
The total number of valence electrons of [tex]{{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}[/tex] is calculated as,
Total valence electrons = [(2) (Valence electrons of N) + (1) (Valence electrons of O)]
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Total valence electrons}}\left({{\text{TVE}}}\right)&=\left[ {\left(2\right)\left(5\right)+\left({\text{1}}\right)\left(6\right)}\right]\\ &=16\\ \end{aligned}[/tex]
Formal charge:
It is the charge that an atom acquires in a molecule assuming that the electron pairs that constitute the bond pairs are shared equally between the two atoms, irrespective of their electronegativities.
The formula to calculate the formal charge on an atom is as follows:
[tex]{\text{Formal charge}}&=\left[\begin{aligned}\left[\begin{gathered}{\text{total number of valence electrons}}\hfill\\{\text{in the free atom}}\hfill\\\end{gathered}\right]-{\text{ }}\\\left[{{\text{total number of non - bonding electrons}}}\right]-\\\frac{{\left[{{\text{total number of bonding electrons}}}\right]}}{{\text{2}}}\\\end{aligned}\right][/tex]
O forms one single bond with a nitrogen atom and 3 lone pairs are present on it.
Total number of valence electrons in the free oxygen atom is 6.
Total number of nonbonding electrons in O is 6.
Total number of bonding electrons in O is 2.
Substitute these values in equation (1) to find the formal charge on O.
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Formal charge on O}}&=\left[{6 - 6 - \frac{2}{2}} \right]\\&=- 1\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Total number of valence electrons in the free nitrogen atom is 5.
Total number of nonbonding electrons in N is 0.
Total number of bonding electrons in N is 6.
Substitute these values in equation (1) to find the formal charge on N.
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Formal charge on N}}&=\left[{5 - 0 - \frac{8}{2}}\right]\\&=5 - 4 \\&=+1\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The formal charge of nitrogen is +1.
Nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons, and oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons. The central nitrogen atom forms a triple bond with other nitrogen atom and a single bond with oxygen atom. The central nitrogen atom, therefore, acquire positive charge and oxygen atom will acquire negative charge. Therefore the Lewis structure of [tex]{{\mathbf{N}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{O}}[/tex] is attached in the image.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Molecular structure and chemical bonding
Keywords: Lewis structure, valence electrons, NO, formal charge, N2O, oxygen, double bonds, single bond, bonding electrons, non-bonding electrons, total valence electrons and resonance hybrid.