relate the cause and effect how does crossing-over increase variation in genes?
Answer:
Genetic variation is increased by meiosis
Recombination or crossing over occurs during prophase I. Homologous chromosomes – 1 inherited from each parent – pair along their lengths, gene by gene. Breaks occur along the chromosomes, and they rejoin, trading some of their genes.
Explanation:
Genetic material that is passed on to offspring
Answer:
Think it is DNA
Explanation:
What do RNA interference treatment for aids,hepatitis,and cancer have in common?
Answer:
The common element in RNA interference treatment for aids,hepatitis,and cancer include the silencing of gene expression.
Explanation:
Through the degradation of targeted mRNA, gene silencing is done which is very popular in the eukaryotic organism and it is a highly conserved process. In the treatment of aids,hepatitis,and cancer, gene therapy is needed because they cannot be cured by simple consumption of drugs. The treatment is carried by silencing the gene expression of the particular mRNA host by utilization of RNA interference (RNAi).RNA interference treatments for AIDS, hepatitis, and cancer share the common goal of silencing specific genes involved in disease progression by using siRNAs or miRNAs, targeting mRNA to inhibit protein synthesis.
Explanation:RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process which researchers are leveraging to develop treatments for various diseases, including AIDS, hepatitis, and cancer. These treatments have in common the aim to silence specific genes associated with disease progression. By utilizing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), RNAi can target and degrade messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, preventing the synthesis of proteins essential for the survival and replication of viruses or the growth of cancerous cells.
siRNAs are fully complementary to their target mRNA transcript, leading to its cleavage, while miRNAs, which are mostly complementary, can inhibit translation or, if completely complementary, also lead to mRNA degradation. This process includes the action of DICER, an enzyme that cleaves double-stranded RNA into smaller segments, and the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which binds to the RNA fragments. The RNAi machinery then silences genes that viruses or cancer cells need, offering a potent therapeutic strategy.
a cell has undergone determiaion to become an endocrine glad cell if ti transplanted to a leg muscle , what do yu think will happen to this cell??
An endocrine gland cell transplanted into a leg muscle would likely retain its specialized function as an endocrine cell, continuing to release hormones rather than transforming into a muscle cell. It might not survive or integrate effectively in the new environment due to the different functional requirements of muscle tissue.
Explanation:If a cell that has undergone determination to become an endocrine gland cell is transplanted to a leg muscle, it is unlikely to change into a muscle cell, as cells generally retain their specialized functions even after being moved to a different location. This is because the cell's fate was already determined, meaning its potential to become a different cell type is restricted.
In regeneration cases, such as with salamanders, specialized cells like muscle cells can dedifferentiate and revert back to a more pluripotent state to contribute to regrowth. However, in mammals like mice, regeneration of tissues like muscle, bone, and tendons largely depends on adult stem cells present in the tissue, which retain their restricted developmental potential and do not dedifferentiate.
An endocrine cell transplanted to a leg muscle will likely continue to behave as an endocrine cell, releasing hormones into the bloodstream rather than contributing to muscle function. Over time, unless it merges into the muscle environment and receives new signals and influences, it may not survive or integrate effectively, given the vastly different functional and environmental requirements compared to its tissue of origin.
By the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, the developing human's
A. organs have not yet begun to form.
B. bones have formed and become rigid.
C. sex can usually be determined.
D. fingers and toes are not yet visible.
Answer:
C.sex can usually be determined
Explanation:
By the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, the developing human's sex can usually be determined. All the essential organs have begun to form, fingers are developed and can form a fist, but the bones throughout the body are still soft and pliable.
Which of these is an example of a population in a desert ecosystem?
A population in a desert ecosystem could be all the Gila monsters in the Sonoran Desert or the Joshua trees in the Mojave Desert. It refers to a group of the same species in a specific area.
Explanation:In a desert ecosystem, a population can refer to a group of individuals from the same species living in the same area. For example, a population in a desert ecosystem could be all the Gila monsters (a type of venomous lizard) living in the Sonoran Desert. Another example could be the population of Joshua trees in the Mojave Desert. These examples illustrate how a population within an ecosystem refers to a particular group of the same species residing within that specific environment.
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The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following?
Answer:
The correct answer is : C. 1 - oxygen ; 2 - carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
The given picture shows the occurrence of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the plant and animal, respectively. Both the processes form a part of the Carbon Cycle.During photosynthesis, the plant utilises the carbon dioxide, obtained from the air, and water, obtained from the soil, along with light energy, to produce its metabolic product, glucose and by-product, oxygen.During cellular respiration, the animal utilises the oxygen released by the plants for oxidising its food and obtaining energy and release carbon dioxide as by-product which is again taken up by the plants for photosynthesis.This is the way by the carbon cycles in the biosphere.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration review
Answer:
Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy in plants and cellular respiration converts biochemical energy from nutrients in organisms.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process that occurs in green plant that synthesizes food for plants from the use of sunlight and series of chemical reactions.Similarly cellular respiration also does the same but it uses nutrients consumed from the body to produce energy for different cellular activities. Cellular respiration converts energy into ATP form in organisms. Photosynthesis uses sunlight where as cellular respiration needs oxygen to prepare food and energy.W
A
1) Select the best answer.
There are over
different kinds of minerals on the Earth.
4,000
14,000
400
40,000
Answer:
The answer is 3,800 but if you want to estimate/round up it is 4,000 types of minerals on earth
Explanation:
Problem #3
Prants, green pod color (G) is dominant to yellow pod color (g). If an individual thay
was heterozygous for green pods were crossed with one that was homozygous to
identify the genotype and phenotype ratios of the offspring,
Answer: Genotypic ratio: 2 GG , 2 Gg
Phenotypic ratio: 4 green pod color plant
2 homozygous dominant green
2 heterozygous green
Explanation: Solution attached.
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
mRNA
TRNA
tRNA
O
nRNA
tRNA( Transfer RNA) molecules carry amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
Explanation:
Proteins are the building blocks of the cells. The process of protein synthesis involves transcription and translation of the genetic information stored in the DNA. After the process of transcription which is the process to get RNA molecules from the DNA. After this process, during protein synthesis tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes is the structure where protein synthesis takes place.
People have cut down forests to clear land for crops, cattle, roads, and cities. These trees are also used for fuel, building material, and paper. The loss of forests have had the following effects (choose all that apply):
A. Causes many species to lose their habitats and food sources, resulting in many becoming extinct or endangered.
B. Creates erosion. The roots of plants hold soil in place to prevent erosion and absorb rainwater, preventing flooding.
C. Creates pollution with the use of DDT, which is a fertilizer that impacts the health of many organisms in the area.
D. Contributes to global warming. The abundant plant life in forests takes in carbon dioxide and stores the carbon as a source of energy. Without forests, the carbon that would have been stored in the trees exists as carbon dioxide and contributes to global warming.
Deforestation leads to habitat loss and species endangerment, soil erosion with subsequent land degradation, and contributes to global warming by reducing the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide.
The loss of forests has multiple negative effects on the environment, impacting local ecosystems and the planet as a whole. These are some of the primary concerns associated with deforestation:
A. Habitat and species loss: Many species lose their habitats and food sources due to deforestation, leading to extinction or endangerment.B. Soil erosion: The roots of plants, especially trees, are essential for anchoring soil. Without them, soil erosion occurs, which can lead to reduced land fertility, landslides, and flooding.D. Climate change: Forests play a key role in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. When forests are cut down, more carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere, exacerbating global warming.Although option C mentions DDT, a chemical compound, it is not a direct result of deforestation, but rather an issue related to agricultural practices that may follow deforestation. Therefore, the effects directly related to deforestation are A, B, and D.
Which of the following changes would most likely reduce the rate at which a resource is consumed?
A.increased population
B.increased desire for the resource
C. Decreased population
D. Decrease cost of harvesting the resource
Decreased population will decrease the rate at which resource is consumed.
Option C.
Explanation:Rate of resource utilization depends on the demand for resources among a population. The demand increases with the increase in population who actually uses the resource to increase their comfort.
With the increase in population and increased desire for resources, the rate of consumption of resources is increased. Decreased cost of harvesting the resources will led to wastage of resources, which will again increase the demand again.
So, decrease in population will only decrease the demand for resources. This will actually decrease the rate for the resource harvesting.
Final answer:
The most likely way to reduce resource consumption is through a decreased population, which lowers the demand for various resources and alleviates pressure on the environment.
Explanation:
The option most likely to reduce the rate at which a resource is consumed is C. Decreased population. A decreased population generally leads to lower resource requirements, less habitat destruction, and reduced pressure on both renewable and non-renewable resources. Conversely, an increased population often results in greater demand for land, water, food, and energy, which can increase the rate of resource consumption and lead to environmental degradation. In contrast, a decreased cost of harvesting resources, increased desire for the resource, and increased population would all typically increase consumption rates. It is important to consider strategies for sustainable resource use, such as using technology to improve efficiency, changing consumption behaviors, and ensuring fair distribution of resources to prevent overconsumption and potential population crashes due to resource depletion.
Dr. Wilson is analyzing the similarities between the wing of a bat and the arm of a monkey. He is using______.
A. Comparative embryology
B. Comparative morphology
C. The Fossil Record
D. Vestigial features
Answer:
Dr. Wilson is analyzing the similarities between the wing of a bat and the arm of a monkey. He is using "comparative morphology".
Explanation:
Morphology is a division of ecology dealing with the study of the method and assembly of organisms and their exact physical topographies. Comparative morphology is study of the forms of the locus of constructions inside the body plan of an organism,and formulae the source of taxonomical classification. Comparative morphology is an significant device that helps to regulate evolutionary associations among organisms and whether or not they share mutual dynasties. Functional resemblances among organisms sustenance the knowledge that these organisms grown from a shared predecessor.
Answer:
B. Comparative Morphology
Explanation:
Hi! The correct answer to your question is B. Comparative Morphology. Comparative Morphology can be understood if your break it down. Comparative means to compare, so we know that this is the correct answer because Dr. Wilson is analyzing (or comparing) the similarities between the wing of a bat and the arm of a monkey. Also, Comparative morphology refers to the analysis or COMPARISON of the similarities or patterns of the structures (like bones and build) within the body of an organism (like a bat and monkey).
Hope it helped!
Which is an example of homeostasis?
A. a snake slithering onto a sunny rock on a cool day
B. a plant undergoing photosynthesis
C. a dog giving birth to puppies
D. a butterfly emerging from its chrysalis
A plant undergoing photosynthesiss is the correct option. thus option A is correct.
What is homeostasis?Chemical signaling occurs in the endocrine system, which is accomplished through the secretion of hormone-like molecules into the extracellular fluid. They bind to chemical receptors in target cells to create specific changes in the body's internal environment, which is referred to as homeostasis.
Photosynthesis helps plants maintain homeostasis by making glucose, which it can use to make energy for other processes or to incorporate in cellular energy.
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which structure in this plant cell represents the site of ATP production from photosynthesis?
Answer:
Chloroplasts
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are found in cells of leaves and green parts of the stem. They contain green pigment called chlorophyll which makes photosynthetic cells to appear green. They are sites of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll traps light energy from the sun. The energy is used to drive the manufacture of sugars from carbon dioxide and water, a process called photosynthesis.
do bananas float or sink
Answer:
Different fruits and vegetables will also float or sink depending on their density. In general, apples, bananas, lemons, oranges, pears, and zucchinis will float, while avocados, potatoes, and mangoes will sink
Explanation:
Answer:
Different fruits and vegetables will also float or sink depending on their density. In general, apples, bananas, lemons, oranges, pears, and zucchinis will float, while avocados, potatoes, and mangoes will sink. Density meaning weight , have a good day , peace
Explanation:
Use your knowledge of Mendelian genetics to write a hypothesis that answers the lab questions, “what is the effect of the genes of the parental mice on the fur color of the offspring mice?” Be sure to use the “if ... then ... “ format.
Answer:
If the first generation exhibits a ratio of 3:1 in regard to gray fur, the allele for gray color is dominant over the allele of white color.
Explanation:
Hypothesis:
If the first generation of the offspring from heterozygous mice exhibits a ratio of 3:1 in regard to gray fur, the allele for gray color is dominant (G) over the allele of white color (w).
According to Mendel's theories, some alleles can be dominant over the others. In this scenario, gray fur color is dominant (G) over the white fur color (w). The dominant allele is always shown by a capital letter, while the recessive allele is shown by a low-case letter.
Therefore, if we are performing an experiment with heterozygous mice, we can expect the offspring to exhibit a 3:1 ratio, which means that 1/3 of the offspring would have a white fur color (recessive), while 3/1 will exhibit gray fur color (dominant).
G w (heterozygous male)
G GG Gw
w Gw ww
(heterozygous female)
GG: Gray
Gw: Gray
Gw: Gray
ww: White
Answer:
If either parent mouse passes a dominant allele, the offspring will have black fur.
Explanation:
I just took the lab
When created an mRNA, a cell matched a T with a G. This led to a different amino
acid being added during translation. When this happens, what is it called?
accurate base pairing
mutation
transformation
differentiation
Which of the following would be considered a source of error in an
experiment?
Question: Which of the following would be considered a source of error in an experiment
A) only three house flies were collected for an experiment
B) A beaker is knocked over and the contents are spilled on the floor
C) the data do not support the hypothesis
D) An incorrect average is calculated for the control group
Answer:
"Only three house flies were collected for an experiment " would be considered as a source of error in an experiment.
Explanation:
Errors are what makes your measurement invalid and unreliable. There are two types of error which is called the systematic error and the random error. Each error has different sources. Words that were mentioned –invalid and unreliable are very important key aspects to determine that your measure is truly accurate and consistent. Some would recommend using the mean method, doing three trials in measuring and getting their mean, in response to this problem.
Answer:
"Only three house flies were collected for an experiment " would be considered as a source of error in an experiment.
Explanation:
The punnet square below represents the result of the cross between two tall pea plants.
T t
T TT Tt
T TT Tt T = tall height
t = short height
part a: identify the genotype course & phenotypic ratios of the offspring.
part b: identify two offspring from the punnet square that could produce short pea plants if they were crossed. explain your answer.
Answer
Part a
50% TT, 50% Tt, 100% tall
Part b
Tt x Tt
Explanation:
Part a
The cross is between a homozygous tall pea plant (TT) and a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt). This produces 2 genotypes at a ratio of 1:1 TT, and Tt. In other words, 50% TT and 50% Tt. These are the same as the parental genotypes, and it means that 100% of the offspring will be tall. (as T (tall) is the dominant allele.
Part b
A cross between the two heterozygous plants would give the following punnett square:
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
The genotype ratios are 1 TT: 2 Tt: 1 tt, in other words, 25% TT, 50% Tt, and 25% tt. The resulting phenotypes would therefore be 3 tall (TT + Tt): 1 short (tt), or 75% tall, 25% short. This therefore produces some short plants, at a ratio of 25%.
A strand of mRNA that is 72 nucleotide bases long would need how many molecules of tRNA to carry amino acids
A strand of mRNA that is 72 nucleotide bases long would need 24 molecules of tRNA to carry amino acids.
Explanation:
A tRNA has anti-codon for three bases of mRNA, with whom they pair, to bring the right amino acid to the ribosome. The three base pairs code for one amino acid. The function of tRNA is to decode amino acids for protein synthesis.
Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products of
A.
Krebs cycle
B.
Electron transport chain
C.
Alcoholic fermentation
Answer:
The correct option is C) Alcoholic fermentation
Explanation:
A biochemical process by which sugars can be converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol are termed as alcoholic fermentation. This type of fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and hence is termed as anaerobic respiration. Yeast cells are the example of species in which the process of alcohol fermentation occurs. Alcohol fermentation is used for alcohol and ethanol fuel production in the industry.
Answer:
Alcoholic fermentation
Explanation:
Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeasts and some moulds. In the process glucose is broken down to two molecules of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. Only two molecules of ATP are formed when a molecule of glucose is broken through this pathway.
C6H12O6 → 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH + 210kJ
In humans normal color vision dominates red green colorblindness. This is a sex linked trait, two parents produce daughters who are all carriers and sons who r normal. What are the possible genotypes of the parents? Plz explain
Answer:
Mother: XBXb
Father XBY
Explanation:
A sex linked trait is carried on the X chromosome. Lets denote the colorblindness allele as b and the normal allele as B.
For the father to be unaffected, he must not carry the trait, as he only has one X chromosome, so if he carries it, then he would be affected. That means the father's genotype must be XBY
If the sons are unaffected, that means they lack the trait on their only X chromosome. The X chromosome in boys must come from their mother (as the Y has to come from their father). Therefore, the son's genotype is XBY too.
The daughters are carriers (XBXb). This means their mother must carry the trait, as we know the father does not. However, the mother is also unaffected, so she must have only one colorblindness allele (heterozygous), therefore her genotype is XBXb.
When the daughters are carriers of red-green colorblindness and the sons have normal vision, the mother's genotype would be XcX (a carrier of the trait) and the father's genotype would be XY (normal vision). This can only occur with sex-linked traits, specifically x-linked traits.
Explanation:The question is asking about the genotypes of the parents when their daughters are carriers and their sons have normal vision for the sex-linked trait of red-green colorblindness. In violation of this scenario, the mother would unavoidably be a carrier of the recessive allele for colorblindness represented as Xc, and the father would possess normal vision, given as XY. Therefore, the mother's genotype would be XcX and the father's genotype would be XY.
Here's why: Sex-linked traits are carried on the X chromosome. Since males are XY, they express the trait that's on their single X chromosome. Females, who are XX, will express a recessive X-linked trait only if they have two copies of the allele. Female carriers, conversely, have one dominant (normal) allele and one recessive (colorblind) allele.
When a carrier female (XcX) and a normal male (XY) mate, there's a 50% chance that a daughter will be a carrier (getting the Xc from mom and X from dad) and a 50% probability that a son will inherit normal vision (getting the X from mom and Y from dad). This scenario matches the situation described in the question where all daughters are carriers (XcX) and all sons have normal vision (XY).
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The Golgi complex in a cell interacts with?
Answer:
It should be A
Explanation:
The Golgi apparatus is made up of stacks of membrane sacs. Transport vesicles, carrying proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, enter the Golgi apparatus to be modified and stored. Eventually, these proteins are sent on to their final destinations inside or outside of the cell.
The number of covalent bonds that an atom tends to form is equal to:
A: the number of valence electrons.
B: the number of unbalanced neutrons.
C: the number of unpaired electrons.
D: the atomic number.
E: the number of nearby atoms.
The number of covalent bonds an atom tends to form is equal to the number of unpaired electrons.
Explanation:The number of covalent bonds that an atom tends to form is equal to the number of unpaired electrons (option C). Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. The number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell determines the number of covalent bonds an atom can form.
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Why isn't molecule the lowest organization of life
The molecule is not the lowest organization of life because atoms joined together to form molecules since they are smaller they come first.
Explanation:
Atom > Molecule > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organism > Population > communities>Ecosystem > Biosphere. This is the hierarchy of organization of life, where atom is proceeded by molecules. Since atoms are the smallest level that makes elements.
Like O2, H2, cellulose are molecules of organisation of life, made up of atoms.
THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF ORGANISMS PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN THE BALANCE OF ANY GIVEN ECOSYSTEM. WHICH EVENT MIGHT INCREASE THE CARRYING CAPACITY FOR RABBITS IN A PRARIE ECOSYSTEM?
Answer:
A season of extra rain
Explanation:
A prarie can be described as a habitat which is abundant in grasses. Although some type of shrubs and flowering plants can also be found on this land, grass can be seen abundantly in such ecosystems.
If a season with extra rain occurs in the prarie habitat, then there will be a production of more grass on this land. As a result, the rabbits will have more food to feed on. Hence, a season of extra rain will increase the carrying capacity for the rabbits.
Please help asap
Which of the following describes what might happen with a sudden increase in precipitation in the grassland biome? (2 points)
Select one:
a. Rise in drought-tolerant plants
b. Salt and sediment deposition
c. Increase in plant and animal diversity (Incorrect)
d. Nutrient loss and soil erosion
Answer:
im pretty sure that it is D.
How can a model of DNA be constructed to show replication?
Answer:
To show the replication of DNA, a semi-conservative method of replication can be shown. The method of DNA replication is similar to that of a zipper. The two strands of the DNA get separated by topoisomerases and helicases. The DNA polymerase adds nucleotides for the new strands to be formed from each of the two parental strands. After the new strands are generated, the previous strands are ligated together with the help of ligases. Hence, a model of the DNA can be constructed like a zipper to show replication.