The correct answers are letter B and E.
Explanation: The Hittites were an Indo-European people, who in the 2nd millennium BC founded a powerful empire in Central Anatolia (present-day Turkey), a region near Mesopotamia.
Around 1200 BC, the Hittites were dominated by the Assyrians, who, having permanent armies, had great military might.
The fall of this empire occurs around the 12th century BC.
Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) refers to Select one: a. classical and early Christian learning preserved in monasteries. b. the writings of early Christian scholars, particularly Isidore of Seville, Bede the Venerable, and Pope Gregory the Great. c. a large church in Constantinople. d. the Greek translation of Scripture. e. the Rule of St. Benedict.
Answer:
The right answer is:
c. a large church in Constantinople.
Explanation:
The Hagia Sophia (Saint Sophia) was built during the reign of Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great in Byzantium, later called Constantinopole, between 532 and 537. It´s the most important architectural achievement of the Byzantine Empire and one of the world´s great monuments.
Hagia Sophia refers to a large church in Constantinople, now known as Istanbul. It is a significant symbol of Byzantine architecture, serving various religious purposes over the centuries before becoming a museum.
Explanation:Hagia Sophia, also known as Holy Wisdom, refers to c. a large church in Constantinople. It is not just an architectural wonder but a symbol of the rich history of the Byzantine Empire. Constructed under the reign of Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, Hagia Sophia served as the cathedral of Constantinople, embodying the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture. Initially a Greek Orthodox patriarchal basilica, it was converted into a mosque in 1453 following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. In 1934, it was secularized and turned into a museum by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. With its majestic dome, elaborate mosaics, and historical significance, Hagia Sophia stands as a testament to the religious, political, and artistic transformations it has witnessed over the centuries
According to Olson, the Reformers and the Arminian Remonstrants sought to answer the paradox of salvation in two different ways. The Reformers emphasized ________ _______ to the point that they seemed to ignore ________ _________. The Arminian Remonstrants emphasized human agency and affirmed ________ ______.
Answer:
emphasiz to the point that they seemed to ignoreeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Explanation:
According to Olson, the Reformers and the Arminian Remonstrants sought to answer the paradox of salvation in two different ways. The Reformers emphasized divine sovereignty to the point that they seemed to ignore human freedom. The Arminian Remonstrants emphasized human agency and affirmed free will.
The student’s question pertains to differing theological perspectives on salvation between the Reformers and the Arminian Remonstrants. According to Olson, the Reformers emphasized divine sovereignty to the point that they seemed to ignore human freedom. This is apparent in the doctrine of predestination, as upheld by John Calvin, which argues that God has predetermined who will be saved, thus minimizing the role of human choice in the process of salvation.
By contrast, the Arminian Remonstrants emphasized human agency and affirmed free will. They believed that while God's grace is essential for salvation, humans have the ability to accept or reject this grace through their own free will.
Thus, the core of the debate lies in balancing divine grace and human freedom, with each group prioritizing one over the other.
what impact does water have on a civilization.
Water is an essential natural element for animal and plant survival on planet Earth.
In the history of humanity, rivers played an elementary role in the rise of the first civilizations: they were used for the transport of people and goods; and they played an important role in the survival of various peoples, first by supplying civilizations with fish and drinking water and later by the development of agriculture.
Which detail from “A Ride in the Night” best supports the inference that Will’s father wants to protect his son by keeping the mission a secret?
“John Clark’s voice dropped almost to a whisper. ‘You’ll take the string of six horses to the ford at Plover’s Creek.’”
“His father nodded. ‘Meanwhile, you must get those horses delivered. They’ll be used in the Continental Army.’”
“‘This boy can do it,’ John Clark answered at last. ‘I know he can.’”
“He looked hard at Will. ‘Yes, he’s too young,’ John Clark agreed.”
Pls tell me im taking test i have 10 mins left!
The correct answer is “John Clark’s voice dropped almost to a whisper. "You’ll take the string of six horses to the ford at Plover’s Creek."
Explanation: In this sentence he is whispering so this represents a secret.
Final answer:
John Clark's statement that Will is too young supports the inference that he wants to protect Will by keeping the mission a secret to shield him from danger.
Explanation:
The detail from “A Ride in the Night” that best supports the inference that Will’s father wants to protect his son by keeping the mission a secret is “He looked hard at Will. ‘Yes, he’s too young,’ John Clark agreed.” This statement indicates that John Clark, presumably Will’s father, acknowledges the risks involved and possibly wants to shelter Will from the danger by agreeing with the sentiment that Will is too young for such serious matters. By doing so, he could be trying to keep Will at a distance from the dangers of the mission, thus protecting him.
Which of the following is NOT true about U.S. relationships? a. Honesty and individuality are more important than harmony and collectivism. b. Understanding, respect, and sincerity are more important than togetherness, trust, and warmth. c. Physical attraction and passion are not as important as similar backgrounds and compatibility. d. In intimate relationships, it is important to have openness and talk things out.
Answer:
The answer is D in intimate relationships it is important to have openness and talk thing out
Explanation:
The thing is NOT true about U.S. relationships is:
C. Physical attraction and passion are not as important as similar backgrounds and compatibilityAccording to the given question, we are meant to show the answer choice which is not true about the relationship among United States citizens.
As a result of this, we can see that the statement about physical attraction and attraction not as important as similar backgrounds and compatibility is the statement which is not true.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C
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Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the period 1000-1150?
Select one:
a. abolishment by kings of feudal ties, to establish government and extend royal power
b. papacy consolidated power
c. growth of towns and trade
d. monastic reform
e. the crusades
Answer:
A. Abolishment by kings of feudal ties, to establish government and extend royal power
Explanation:
The 1000-1150 period is in fact, a period when feudalism was at its peak. For example, France in the year 1100 was a unified kingdom in name only, it was in fact composed of several counties and duchies such as the Duchy of Normandy or the County of Champagne, that had political, military and economic power over these territories. The king ruled in name only, and in order to collect taxes, or raise an army, he needed the approval of local feudal lords.
Same thing applies for other countries such as the Holy Roman Empire, Northern Spain, and the Low countries.
Answer:
a. abolishment by kings of feudal ties, to establish government and extend royal power.
Explanation:
The abolishment of feudalism was not a characteristic of the period 1000-1150. This time period is known as the High Middle Ages (roughly 1000-1300). During this time period, the population of Europe increased rapidly, and feudalism was solidified. It also led to the development of kingdoms as a first attempt at state-creation, while maintaining the power of the king restricted and the power of the feudal lords significant.
Question 8 of 33 Compare and contrast the policies of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Select the correct word to complete each sentence. A major foreign policy initiative for (Coolidge / Harding) was the Kellogg-Briand Pact, which was an agreement between the United States and other countries to renounce war. A major economic policy initiative for (Coolidge / Harding) was the Emergency Tariff of 1921, which increased American purchasing power but inflated prices of goods. Both Harding and Coolidge supported the pro-business policies that were known as (laissez-faire / progressivism). Both Harding and Coolidge supported a "return to normalcy," which included isolation from / interference in foreign affairs.
Answer:
A major foreign policy initiative for (Coolidge) was the Kellogg-Briand Pact, which was an agreement between the United States and other countries to renounce war. A major economic policy initiative for (Harding) was the Emergency Tariff of 1921, which increased American purchasing power but inflated prices of goods. Both Harding and Coolidge supported the pro-business policies that were known as laissez-faire. Both Harding and Coolidge supported a "return to normalcy," which included isolation from foreign affairs.
Explanation:
Answer:
A major foreign policy initiative for Coolidge was the Kellogg-Briand Pact, which was an agreement between the United States and other countries to renounce war. A major economic policy initiative for Harding was the Emergency Tariff of 1921, which increased American purchasing power but inflated prices of goods. Both Harding and Coolidge supported the pro-business policies that were known as laissez-faire. Both Harding and Coolidge supported a "return to normalcy," which included isolation from foreign affairs.
Explanation:
Two important presidents during the 1920s were Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Both were Republicans, and both were very popular during their own time period. However, they were different in many ways as well. President Warren G. Harding was responsible for an economic recovery and the Emergency Tariff of 1921. Calvin Coolidge, on the other hand, enjoyed a booming economy from the beginning. This allowed him to implement a free market agenda that was more powerful than that of Harding, who had also supported these ideas.
During the years following the Vietnam War years, creating a V shape with the index and middle fingers became a cultural sign of peach in the United States. This is an example of a/an:_______
The V shape made with the index and middle fingers became a cultural symbol for peace following the Vietnam War in the United States. This symbol became widespread during anti-war protests, providing a unifying element for peace advocates.
Explanation:The V shape created with the index and middle fingers, commonly referred to as the 'peace sign', originated during the Vietnam War years and became a widely recognized symbol of peace in the United States. This is an example of a cultural symbol. Cultural symbols are artifacts, behaviors, or words that carry a particular meaning within a culture. In this case, the V shape sign became associated with the desire for peace, particularly during protest movements against the war. Despite the conflict and division caused by the war, the adoption of this symbol served as a unifying element among those advocating for an end to the violent conflict.
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In 1869, Mendeleev organized a periodic table based on atomic weights and arranged elements with similar properties under each other. Gaps were left for elements that were unknown at that time but Mendeleev was able to predict their properties. This was important because it supported the concept of? I know this is not history but I really need help
Periodic Law - the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
He knew they would be discovered eventually.
Answer:
C. periodicity
Explanation:
The Israelites were
Select one:
a. a matriarchal society.
b. a patriarchal society.
c. a seafaring society.
d. a polytheistic society.
e. a hunting and gathering society.
Answer:B
Explanation:
a patriarchal society
Answer:
b. a patriarchal society.
Explanation:
A reading of the Old Testament gives you an precise idea of Israel as a patriarchal society. All the main figures are men and men lead in the worshipping of God. Ancient Israel was undoubtedly a male-dominated society.
20 POINTS!!!! PLEASE HELP What other facts about the mummies would help solve the mystery of the mummies' racial origins? What types of artifacts would help determine where the people came from?
To solve the mystery of the mummies' racial origins, studying DNA, isotope analysis, physical characteristics, and linguistic evidence is key. Various cultural artifacts, inscriptions, and funerary goods offer clues to their origins.
In order to solve the mystery of the mummies' racial origins, additional facts about the mummies that would prove helpful may include DNA analysis, isotope analysis to determine geographic origin, study of physical characteristics such as cranial measurements, and examination of linguistic evidence on artifacts that could indicate the origin of the deceased. Artefacts that could help determine where the people came from include cultural artifacts with distinct design styles, inscriptions that may reveal language or ethnic group details, and funerary goods that are linked to specific regions or cultures.
For instance, analyzing the Faiyum mummy portraits could give insights into the artistic styles and influences at the time, while the items buried with mummies, like those found in the discovery of Wah's mummy, can indicate the social status and cultural affiliations.
By saying all humans are "moral beings," Angelina Grimké was in a way extending what concept?
a. Thomas Jefferson’s concept that the United States was an "empire of liberty."
b. The Second Great Awakening idea that people had to choose whether they wanted salvation.
c. John Locke’s idea that all men had natural rights.
d. John Winthrop’s concept of Massachusetts as a "city on a hill."
e. Thomas Paine’s belief that the American colonies could win their independence.
Answer:
The good choice is:
c. John Locke’s idea that all men had natural rights.
Explanation:
Angelina Grimké was a fervent anti-abolitionist and a deeply religious person. In their writings ,she and sister Sarah questioned Bible arguments used by Southern pastors in some Evangelical churches to justify slavery of black people.
The Concordat of Worms:
(A) demanded Henry IV resign as Holy Roman Emperor.
(B) forced Gregory VII to abandon Rome.
(C) stipulated that lay rulers could no longer invest prelates with the symbols of their office.
(D) excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor.
(E) prevented the presence of the emperor or his representative at elections of imperial bishops and abbots.
Answer:
Option-(c): Is the best option to choose from the given five options.
Explanation:
The Concordat of Worms:
It was an agreement between the Henry IV and the pope. It was due to the conflicts between the two, as there was a conflict between them over the Church. As they had tensions over the power of church. And they eventually got to a point where they resolved the whole problem.
As they stipulated that lay rulers could no longer invest prelates with the symbols of their office.
What does Winston write in his diary as he recalls the Two Minutes Hate? Book:1984
Answer: Winston writes about the loss of individuality.
Explanation:
Winston's interpretation is a great parallel to today's modern world. Winston writes about a man, a world plunged into hatred, points out that our individuality has disappeared, that our every movement is being followed around Big Brother. In the Winston diary, he recalls a two-minute hatred, he sees Emmanuel Goldstein as the enemy system. In a moment of hatred, Winston realizes that he hates Big Brother. Winston begins to glorify freedom in all its forms, freedom of the media, opinions, freedom of man.
Winston's thoughts, expressed in "two minutes of hatred," perfectly capture the real-world picture of an individual lost, missing, drowning in mass. The lesson we can draw from his diaries is that every individual is important. Every opinion is important and Winston encourages us to think, Winston wants to tell us that the views of the masses do not necessarily have to be true and moral.
In the book '1984', Winston writes 'DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER' in his diary during his recollection of the Two Minutes Hate, which signifies his inner rebellion against the Party.
Explanation:In George Orwell's novel 1984, during his reflection on the Two Minutes Hate, Winston Smith writes in his diary, 'DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER'. The Two Minutes Hate was a daily public period in which Party members must watch a film showing the enemies of Oceania and express their hatred for them. Winston's diary entry reveals his inner rebellion and disbelief in the party's propaganda, which is a significant risk in the society depicted by Orwell, as it is heavily surveilled and individual thinking is punished.
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1. How does O'Brien feel about the war in Vietnam? 2. Why does O'Brien go to the rainy river? 3. What various factors does O'Brien take into account when deciding whether to go to Canada or not? 4. Why ultimately, does he decide not to escape to Canada? 5. What is O'Brien trying to communicate when he writes: "I was a coward. I went to the war?" 6. What does this reading reveal about the polarization of society during the war?
Tim O'Brien's mixed feelings toward the Vietnam War are due to societal pressure and moral considerations. His statement about being a "coward" for going to war speaks to the societal expectations he felt compelled by, further demonstrating how deeply polarized society was during the war.
Explanation:The questions refer to Tim O'Brien's memoir, 'The Things They Carried.' 1. O'Brien is conflicted about the Vietnam War. He disapproves of the war's motives, but feels obligated by societal expectations and patriotism. 2. O'Brien goes to the Rainy River as he's contemplating on whether he should escape to Canada to avoid the draft. 3. While deciding, factors such as his moral stance on the war, societal pressure, and loyalty to his family and hometown play a significant role.
4. Fear of judgment from his family and community is ultimately why he does not escape to Canada. 5. By writing 'I was a coward. I went to war,' O'Brien is communicating the fact that he went to war not out of bravery, but because he was too afraid to go against societal norms. 6. This reading reveals how society was deeply polarized during the war, with strong beliefs and expectations on either side of the debate.
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Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition
a great Aztec city
Answer:
Tenochtitlán was the great city and capital of the Aztec Empire in the valley of Mexico until the arrival of the Spanish and its fall into their hands.
Explanation:
Answer: Tenochtitlán ...the capital of Aztec empire.
Explanation: Mexico City was built exactly at the same place as Tenochtitlán which - symbolically speaking - is a mark of fundamental mixture, crealization or hybridization of Mexican culture. It did not happen in other place in Americas. In this sense Tenochtitlán is still here, still present and continues influencing soul of today´s Mexico.
Between 500 and 1500, the civilizations of MesoAmerica and the Andes...
A.) ran similar regional economics controlled by the state
B.) created the largest long-distance trade networks in the Americas
C.) had little to trade with each other because both regions had the same resources
D.) seem to have had little direct contact with each other
The civilization of the Meso Americans and the Andes created a largest long distance trade network in the Americas
Explanation:
These civilization compromised one of the oldest and the indigenous form of complex culture in the parts of Mexico and Central America prior to the Spanish exploration
These cultures and their trade route extended beyond the limits and it extended to the various other parts the Andean civilization is also one of the most ancient known civilization.Their culture spread across the continents and it marked the trade route between the countries and America
Pls help :( how was da vinci's work similar to michelangelo
*You can google pictures * and answer the question pls
Hello, hope you're having a wonderful day :D
Both Da Vinci and Michelangelo made art relating towards human anatomy and portraits. Of course Da Vinci is famous for other kinds of art aswell; however, The similarity I can find between the two is that they have made portraits and other famous artworks of fictional/ religious figures.
Hope this helps~
In his search for a model of virtuous behavior, Petrarch turned to
Select one:
a. the world around him.
b. the Church fathers.
c. Roman writers.
d. both the Church fathers and Roman writers
e. all of these: Roman writers, the Church fathers, and the world around him.
Answer:
The answer is a): The world around him.
Explanation :
In his search for a model of virtuous behavior, Petrarch turned to the world around him: he turned to Stoism in order to express how refined humanist education programs could encourage virtuous behavior. Stoism encourages one to use their mind to comprehend the nature of the world, play their part in it, and use virtue to treat others justly and fairly.
During the pax Romana, what regions were the major grain producers of the empire?
Answer:
Britain and Belgium
Explanation:
The Pax Romana was a period of peace and prosperity, beginning with Emperor Augustus in 28 AD. During this moment, the Roman Empire grew potentially, and reach in distant lands. Britain and Belgium was part of the empire since the 1st century BC, and they were extremely important to supply the empire with grains, thanks to the fertile soil, and the soft weather.
Which of these historical factors contributed to Indonesia having the largest Muslim population of any nation in the world?
Arab conquest
Chinese scholars
Indian trade
Mongol pilgrims
Answer:
The right answer is:
Indian trade.
Explanation:
We don´t have a categoric knowledge about the origins of Islam in Indonesia, but according to historical evidence available, it seems that trade played a major role in the arrival of Islam in Indonesia in the 13th century. Two Muslim trading kingdoms existed in northern Sumatra, Samudra-Pasai and Perlak by then. At Samudra-Pasai, there´s a royal tomb completely inscribed in Arabic dated 1297. Further developments in the region also point at an expansion of trade with India and in the Indian Ocean as a major factor in the spreading of Islam in Indonesia.
Answer:
inian trade
Explanation:
just trust me
True or False: The increased laws placed on the American colonies divided the
colonies further as many supported the British.
Answer:
the answer is False....
is natural reddish-brown wood frequently used in England and Scotland to create fine furniture in the 1700's.?
Answer:redwood
Explanation:
What do the circumstances of the positions of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob best illustrate ?
Answer:
They were the Patriarchs, the founders of the Israel tribes.
Explanation:
They are collectively called the "patriarchs of Judaism" and the period in which they lived is known as the patriarchal era. They had important roles in the Jewish scriptures during and after their lives. Their offspring would lead the formation of the twelve tribes of Israel.
Which American inventor is best know for his use of the assembly line for mass production in the automobile industry?
Answer:
Henry Ford.
Explanation:
Henry Ford (1867-1947) is one the greatest tycoons of the US automobile industry. He had a vision and knew how to make it happen. He was the first industrialist who extensively used the assembly line in the mass production of cars; it turned into the standard production method from phonographs to hamburgers. But what probably allowed his extraordinary success was the business idea of fabricating a car for the masses, a car that could be bought and driven by common people, not only by rich people. That idea is simply grandiose and inspiring.
Answer:
Henry Ford is best know for this.
Explanation:
Although he did not create the first car, he created the assembly line which was just a beneficial. The assembly line is where everybody has a certain job in making the object. Imagine you want to make a sandwhich as fast you can. You will make it much faster with your mom getting the bread, your dad putting on the cheese, and your brother putting on the turkey, than you doing all of these things by yourself. Hence the reason Henry Ford created the assemply line.
What are the key factors that make Persian classical music different from Arabic music?
Persian classical music and Arabic music differ primarily in their respective modal systems - the Dastgah in Persian music and the Maqam in Arabic music. They also differ in terms of rhythm, texture, and the musical instruments employed.
Explanation:Persian classical music and Arabic music, although derived from the same historical and cultural influences, vary in a number of significant aspects. One of the key factors that differentiates them is their respective scales or modes. Classical Persian music is based on a system known as Dastgah, which includes seven main modes and five secondary modes, referred to as Avaaz. This modal system provides a framework for the improvisation and composition of Persian music.
Arabic music, in contrast, is based on the Maqam system, which includes a collection of scales with specific intervals and relationships between notes, making each scale evoke a different emotion. Arabic music is more focused on melody, using monophonic texture, meaning that there is a single melodic line without harmony.
Additionally, the rhythm in Persian music is often free or rubato, in contrast to Arabic music which is often strictly metrical with complex rhythmic patterns. Another notable distinction between Persian and Arabic music is in the instruments used. In Persian music, instruments such as the Tar, Setar, Santur, and Daf are common, while in Arabic music, instruments such as the Oud, Qanun, and Darbuka are prevalent.
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In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan: Select one: a. focused on the plight of working-class women. b. emphasized the role of child-rearing for women. c. focused on the discontents of middle-class women. d. focused on the particular plight of black women. e. emphasized the role women played in the anti-war movement.
Answer:
The answer would be C): Focused on the discontents of middle-class women. But generally speaking, Betty Friedan focused on the discontents of all classes of women, especially American women.
Explanation:
In The Feminine Mystique, which was published in 1963, Betty Friedan clearly described the dissatisfaction that ran through the minds of women in mainstream American after World War II, and how it was caused by the role that women began to play after the war.
Women felt depressed because they were forced to be subservient to men in many aspects of life which women forced themselves to conform to, even though they didn't gain any sense of fulfillment. Betty Friedan stated that during the post-World War II period in U.S., women were not encouraged and expected to be anything more than mothers, wives, and housewives. She found out that none of her classmates were happy about living a life that was only tied to being a housewife.
In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan:
a. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.
b. allowed Germany to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.
c. allowed Japan to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.
d. allowed all belligerents to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.
e. was voted down by Congress.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Cash and carry was a policy established by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt announced at a joint session of the United States Congress on September 21, 1939, at the outbreak of war in Europe. This allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis
The 'cash and carry' plan, implemented in 1940 by the U.S., allowed belligerent countries, particularly those friendly to the U.S. like Great Britain, to purchase non-military goods and materials, provided they paid in cash and transported the goods on their own ships.
Explanation:The cash and carry policy, implemented in the United States in 1939-1940, is a historical term in the context of international relations in the period leading up to World War II. The plan allowed nations at war to purchase non-military goods and materials from the United States, provided the purchases were made in cash and the goods were transported on the buying country's own ships.
Given the options available in your question, the most accurate answer would be: 'a. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis'. While the primary purpose of the policy was to maintain the U.S.'s neutrality while supporting friendly nations like Great Britain in their defense efforts, it should be noted that it technically allowed any belligerent country to purchase goods on this basis, not just Great Britain. However, realistically, this advantage was extended mostly to Great Britain and its Allies as they controlled the Atlantic Ocean, which made it difficult for hostile nations such as Germany or Japan to benefit from the plan.
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The federal government did not pass civil rights laws until the late 1950s because from the 1870s until the 1950s, _____.
The correct answer is few people in the federal government were concerned with the rights of minorities
The economy overall grew by 37% during the 1950s. Inflation, which had wreaked havoc on the economy immediately after World War II, was minimal, in part because of Eisenhower's persistent efforts to balance the federal budget.
The diagram below depicts the international flow of funds in the 1920s. What does the number 1 represent in the diagram?
Answer:
The good choice is D.
Explanation:
Exorbitant war reparations were imposed on Germany following its defeat and that of Austria-Hungary in the First World War. It was very difficult for German governments to meet those obligations with France and Great Britain, mainly.
The number 1 represents reparations payment from Germany to France and Britain.
Reparation payments are intended to reduce the war damage by paying a certain amount by one nation to another involved in the war.
Germany had to pay a reparation amount of around 132 billion gold in order to recover world war injuries and civilian damages. The payment was initiated through the Treaty of Versailles as Britain and France demanded reparation for their economic collapse and suffering.
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