Which statement describes the law of constant composition (definite proportions)? Mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions. All samples of a given chemical compound will be composed of the same elements in the same proportion. When two elements react to form multiple compounds, the different masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed as a ratio of whole numbers. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but may be changed from one form to another. For a collision occurring between two particles in an isolated system, the total momentum of the two particles before the collision is equal to the total momentum of the two particles after the collision.

for liquid to gas, Evaporation or vaporization.

for gas to liquid, condensation occurs. The opposite of evaporation. Condensation is when the gas gives up it's latent heat and simply condenses.

Answer:

How about this?

Explanation:

(1) Halogenation of an alkane

Reaction with Br₂ in the presence of UV light to give bromocyclopentane.

(2) Dehydrohalogenation

Reaction with hot alcoholic KOH to give cyclopentene.

(3) Allylic bromination

Reaction with N-bromosuccinimide and a drop of HBr(aq) gives

3-bromocyclopentene.

A three-step synthesis of 3-bromocyclopentene from cyclopentane is as follows:

(1) Halogenation of an alkane

(2) Dehydrohalogenation

(3) Allylic bromination

Generally, halogenation is the reaction of a halogen with an alkane in which the introduction of halogen atoms occurs into the organic molecule by an addition reaction or by a substitution reaction.

(1) Halogenation of an alkane

(2) Dehydrohalogenation

(3) Allylic bromination

Hence, the three steps are halogenation, dehydrohalogenation, and allylic bromination.

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This is a single replacement reaction involving halogens

The correct graph should start at the top left of the plane. It should look like a diagonal line heading down towards the bottom right.

Whenever you have a graph moving at a steady rate, it will be linear (or straight/diagonal). Depending on how the graph is changing will determine which corner you start and end on.

Answer:

the graph should look like this

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is C. Fusion.

Answer:

c. Fusion

Explanation:

Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Since it is given that temperature of hot water is 40 degree celsius. So, when cold water is added into it then it will absorb heat from the hot water and hence, temperature of cold water will become equal to 40 degree celsius.

Therefore, a thermal equilibrium will be maintained as temperature of both hot and cold water becomes equal. In thermal equilibrium, hotter body loses the heat and colder body absorbs the heat.

Therefore, we can conclude that the true statement about the hot water in the calorimeter is its final temperature was [tex]40^{o}C[/tex].

Answer:

D. final temperature was 40c

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Alkane

Alkene

Cycloalkane

Haloalkane

Aromatic compound

Alcohol

Thiol

Ether

Aldehyde

Ketones

Carboxylic acid

Ester

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{12.011 u}}[/tex]

Explanation:

You calculate the weighted average of the atomic masses.

That is, you multiply the atomic mass of each isotope by a number representing its relative importance (e.g.., its percent of the total).

Set up a table for easy calculation:

[tex]\begin{array}{ccrcr}\textbf{Atom} & \textbf{Mass/u} &\textbf{Percent} & \textbf{Calculation}& \textbf{Result/u}\\^{12}\text{C}& 12.000 & 98.892 & 12.000 \times 0.988 92 & 11.867\\^{13}\text{C}& 13.003 & 1.108 & 13.003 \times 0.011 08 & 0.144 \\& & & \text{TOTAL} = &\textbf{12.011}\\\end{array}\\\\\text{The average atomic mass of C is }\boxed{\textbf{12.011 u}}[/tex]

Answer:

A Oxidizes in air

Explanation:

The chemical properties are those properties that tells us what a substance does as regards to wether it reacts with other substances or not. Most chemical properits of matter signifies a change in their chemical make up.

When a matter oxidizes in air, it depicts its chemical property. It tells us how in the presence of air such a substance would interact. Not all matter oxidizes in air.

Other chemical properties are flammability, rusting of iron, precipitation, decomposition of wate by electric current.

Answer:

d.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Start by writing the chemical formula of calcium chloride.

The suffix -ide in chloride means that chlorine is working as the ion Cl⁻, this is with oxidation state -1.

Calcium, being an alkaline earth metal, uses oxidation state +2, Ca²⁺

Then, two atoms of Cl are combined with one atom of calcium, because in this way each Cl atom will accept one electron from a Ca atom, which will donate its two valence electrons.

That is indicated in the chemical formula with subscripts: CaCl₂, meaning that each formula-unit of calcium chloride has 2 ions of chlorine and 1 ions of calcium, or twice the number of moles of chloride ion.

       ⇒ 2 mol CaCl₂ : 2 mol Ca⁺ : 4 mol Cl⁻

Hence, there are 4 moles of chloride ions in 2 moles of calcium chloride.

Answer:

monovalent or univalent

Explanation:

Atoms with a valency of 1 are said to be monovalent or univalent atoms. The valency of an atom is the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

Elements with a valency of 1 would readily and easily lose one electron in order to achieve a stable configuration which would resemble those of the noble gases or group O elements.

On the periodic table, elements in group one are all monovalent i.e they all have one electron in their outermost shell.

Answer:

10.1 % Carbon, 0.8 % Hydrogen and 89.1 % Chlorine.

Explanation:

The total mass of the compound is 5.34 + 0.42 + 47.08 = 52.84 g.

The percentage of carbon is:   [tex]\frac{5.34}{52.84}[/tex] × 100  = 10.1 %

The percentage of hydrogen is:  [tex]\frac{0.42}{52.84}[/tex] × 100 = 0.8 %

The percentage if chlorine is:  [tex]\frac{47.08}{52.84}[/tex] × 100 = 89.1 %

The percent composition of the compound is approximately 10.10% carbon, 0.797% hydrogen, and 89.10% chlorine.

To determine the percent composition of the compound, one must calculate the mass percentage of each element present in the sample. The mass percentage of an element is calculated by dividing the mass of that element by the total mass of the compound and then multiplying by 100%.

 First, we need to find the total mass of the compound by summing the mass of all the elements present:

 Total mass = Mass of carbon + Mass of hydrogen + Mass of chlorine

Total mass = 5.34 g + 0.42 g + 47.08 g

Total mass = 52.84 g

 Now, we can calculate the mass percentage of each element:

 Percent composition of carbon:

[tex]\( \frac{\text{Mass of carbon}}{\text{Total mass}} \times 100\% = \frac{5.34 \text{ g}}{52.84 \text{ g}} \times 100\% \approx 10.10\% \)[/tex]

 Percent composition of hydrogen:

[tex]\( \frac{\text{Mass of hydrogen}}{\text{Total mass}} \times 100\% = \frac{0.42 \text{ g}}{52.84 \text{ g}} \times 100\% \approx 0.797\% \)[/tex]

 Percent composition of chlorine:

[tex]\( \frac{\text{Mass of chlorine}}{\text{Total mass}} \times 100\% = \frac{47.08 \text{ g}}{52.84 \text{ g}} \times 100\% \approx 89.10\% \)[/tex]

 Therefore, the percent composition of the compound is approximately 10.10% carbon, 0.797% hydrogen, and 89.10% chlorine.

Answer:

The particles must be in the correct orientation upon impact.

The particles must collide with enough energy to meet the activation energy of the reaction.

Explanation:

This a problem related to chemical kinetics. The collision theory is one of the theories of reaction rates and it perfectly explains how the effectiveness of colliding molecules dictates the pace of a reaction.

For reactions to occur, there must be collisions between reacting particles. It implies that the collision per unit time and how successful collisions are determines the rate of chemical reactions in most cases. Therefore, for a collision to be successful, colliding particle must have enough energy  which is greater than the activation energy of the reaction. In order to also produce the desired products, the colliding particles must be properly oriented.

Answer:

The particles must be in the correct orientation upon impact.

The particles must collide with enough energy to meet the activation energy of the reaction.

Explanation:

Particles must collide in order for chemical reactions to take place, but they must collide in the correct orientation.

Heat increases the rate at which particles collide and the force with which they collide, and so will usually increase the rate at which reactions occur. So, although heat can affect reaction rates, it is not the determining factor for their occurrence.

Although pH can influence the reaction rates of many biological reactions, it is generally only relevant to acid-base reactions.

The activation energy is the minimum required kinetic energy that the particles must possess in order for a reaction to take place.

Answer:

The radius of a Magnesium atom is [tex](1.5).10^{-10}m[/tex]

Explanation:

The question is wrong and a graph is missing.

It should be '' A hydrogen atom has a radius of [tex](2.5).10^{-11}m[/tex] ''

I also add the missing graph.

If we take a look at the graph, we can see that using that scale the atomic radius of the Hydrogen is [tex]6mm[/tex] and the atomic radius of Magnesium is [tex]36mm[/tex]

Therefore, the radius of the Magnesium atom

[tex]\frac{36mm}{6mm}=6[/tex]

is six times bigger than the Hydrogen atom

If we multiply by 6 the radius of the Hydrogen atom ⇒

[tex](6).(2.5).10^{-11}m=(1.5).10^{-10}m[/tex]

The radius of a magnesium atom would be smaller than the radius of a hydrogen atom. The exact value of the radius depends on various factors.

The radius of an atom is difficult to determine precisely because it depends on various factors such as the atomic structure and the electron cloud. However, we can estimate the radius of a magnesium atom based on its atomic radius trend within the periodic table.

On the periodic table, as you move from left to right across a period, the atomic radius tends to decrease. Since magnesium is located to the right of hydrogen, its atomic radius would likely be smaller. Therefore, we can say that the radius of a magnesium atom would be smaller than 2.5 x 1011m.

It's important to note that the actual value of the radius of a magnesium atom can vary depending on the specific context or measurement technique.

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Answer:

The concentration of a solution can be expressed in a number of ways or units. For example:

Explanation:

The concentration of a solution can be expressed in different units.

Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute in an amount of solvent or solution.

These are some units used to express the concentration, depending on the measure (concept) used:

Measure             Definition                                               units

(concept)

Molarity              moles of solute per liter of solution      mol / liter

Molality              moles of solute per kg of solvent          mol / Kg

% (w/w)               percent mass/mass                                 % g / g

% (w/V)                percent  mass / volume                          % g/V

% (V/V)                percent volume / volume                        & V/V            

Answer:

What can be added to an atom to cause a nonvalence electron in the atom to temporarily become a valence electron is energy.

Explanation:

The normal state of the atoms, where all the electrons are occupying the lowest possible energy level, is called ground state.

The valence electrons are the electrons that occupy the outermost shell, this is the electrons in the highest main energy level (principal quantum number) of the atom.

So, a nonvalence electron occupies an orbital with less energy than what a valence electron does; in consequence, in order to a nonvalence electron jump from its lower energy level to the higher energy level of a valence electron, the former has to absorb (gain) energy.

This new state is called excited state and is temporary: the electron promoted to the higher energy level will emit the excess energy, in the form of light (photons), to come back to the lower energy level and so the atom return to the ground state.

Answer:

Energy-

and it can be added to an atom to cause a non-valence electron in the atom to temporarily become a valence electron

The pressure of gas in your lungs is inversely proportionate to the volume in your lungs.

The description that accurately describes Boyle's law is the pressure of gas in your lungs is inversely proportional to the volume in your lungs. Option C is correct.

Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This means that if the pressure of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will decrease, and vice versa.

In the lungs, the pressure of the air is determined by the amount of air that is in the lungs. When you breathe in, the volume of your lungs increases, which decreases the pressure of the air in your lungs. When you breathe out, the volume of your lungs decreases, which increases the pressure of the air in your lungs.

Boyle's law is an important principle in the study of gases and is used in many different applications, such as scuba diving and meteorology. Option C is correct.

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The electrons from the electron configuration that are part of the Lewis structure of N are 2s2 2p3.

The electron configuration shows that arrangement of electrons in an atom. Electrons in atoms are arranged in orbitals. The electron configuration of Nitrogen is 1s2 2s2 2p3.

The electrons that appear in the Lewis structure are the outermost electrons in the atom. They are the electrons on the valence shell. Th valence shell of nitrogen contains the electrons 2s2 2p3 hence they are the five electrons that appear in the Lewis structure of nitrogen.

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Missing parts

Write the electron configuration for N. Then write the Lewis symbol for N and show which electrons from the electron configuration are included in the Lewis symbol.

In a Lewis structure, valence electrons from an atom's electron configuration are represented. These are defined as the electrons in the atom's outer shell. For instance, in the electron configuration 1s22s22p3, there are five valence electrons - two in the 2s orbital and three in the 2p orbital.

The original question seems to refer to the Lewis structure representation of an atom through its valence electrons. Here, the key to understand that is the electron configuration of the atom. The electron configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals; it contains information regarding the principal quantum shell (n), the orbital type (s, p, d, f - the subshell, I) and the number of electrons in that particular subshell (depicted as a superscript number). For example, in the configuration 1s22s22p3, there are 2 electrons in the 1s orbital, 2 electrons in the 2s orbital, and 3 electrons in the 2p orbital.

For the Lewis structure, the most important are the outer shell or 'valence' electrons, as these are involved in chemical bonding. In the electron configuration above, the valence electrons are those in the 2s and 2p orbitals (since 'n' equals 2 here). Thus, 2s22p3 indicates that there are five valence electrons. These are the electrons you will represent in the Lewis structure, often depicted as dots surrounding the chemical symbol of the atom.

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Explanation:

It is known that relation between average molecular speed and and molar mass is as follows.

    [tex]\frac{R_{1}}{R_{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{M_{2}}{M_{1}}}[/tex]

where, [tex]R_{1}[/tex] = average molecular speed of gas 1

             [tex]R_{2}[/tex] = average molecular speed of gas 2

            [tex]M_{1}[/tex] = molar mass of gas 1

            [tex]M_{2}[/tex] = molar mass of gas 2

This means that more is the molar mass of a gas lesser will be its average molecular speed.

Hence, molar mass of nitrogen ([tex]N_{2}[/tex]) = 14 g/mol

Molar mass of helium (He) = 2 g/mol

Molar mass of oxygen ([tex]O_{2}[/tex]) = 16 g/mol

Molar mass of carbon dioxide ([tex]CO_{2}[/tex]) = 44 g/mol

Thus, given gases are arranged in order of increasing average molecular speed at [tex]25^{o}C[/tex] as follows.

        [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] < [tex]O_{2}[/tex] < [tex]N_{2}[/tex] < He

Answer:

The correct answer is [tex]CO_{2} >O_{2} > N_{2} > He[/tex]

Explanation:

The relationship between the molecular weight of the compound and the speed of the compound is inverse.

Hence, the more the molecular weight, the less the molecular speed.

The molecular weight is as follows:-

carbon dioxide has 44, oxygen has 32, nitrogen has 28 and helium is 4.

Therefore, the correct sequence is [tex]CO_{2} >O_{2} > N_{2} > He[/tex]

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Answer:

Explanation:

Matter has physical and chemical properties.

A physical property can be measured or observed without changing the chemical composition of the matter, this matter will remain being the same matter after observing or measuring its physical properties.

Some examples of physical properties are density, boiling point, malleability, mass, volume, freezing point, ductibility, among many others.

On the other hand, chemical properties are only observed when a chemical change takes place. In this case the matter undergoes a chemical reaction and the original substance becomes one or more different substances.

Combustibility is the property of ungergoing a combustion reaction. The combustion reactions are those in which matter reacts with oxygen releasing energy and light.

Organic matter undergoes combustion producing carbon dioxide and water.

An example of combustion is the burning of methane:

As you see, to observe the combustibility of methane it must undergo a chemical change, so this is a chemical property.

Answer:

The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time the substance takes to be reduced by half of its initial amount as a consequence of decay.

Explanation:

the salt is the solute (and the water is the solvent) i hope this answers your question lol

In a water and table salt solution, table salt is the solute. Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water forming spheres of hydration, and its concentration in the solution can vary.

In a solution of water and table salt, table salt is referred to as the solute. The process of making a saline water solution involves dissolving sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, into water, which acts as the solvent. This leads to the formation of what are known as spheres of hydration around the ions. Sodium chloride is a compound composed of the elements sodium and chlorine, and it is vital for various bodily functions, such as nerve conduction and fluid balance. Ordinary table salt has a uniform and definite composition, making it a pure substance; however, the saline solution's composition can vary depending on the amount of salt dissolved in water, so it is not considered a pure substance.

Answer:

molar mass = 16.03 g/mol.

Yes, the mentioned gas is methane.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm (P = 1.0 atm, at STP).

V is the volume of the gas in L (V = 2.0 L).

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol (n = ??? mol).

R  is the general gas constant (R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K),

T is the temperature of the gas in K (T = 273 K, at STP).

∴ n = PV/RT = (1.0 atm)(2.0 L)/(0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)(273 K) = 0.08923 mol.

∵ n = mass/molar mass

∴ molar mass = mass/n = (1.43 g)/(0.08923 mol) = 16.03 g/mol.

∵ molar mass of methane (CH₄) = 16.0 g/mol.

So, the mentioned gas is methane.

Based on the information given, the solid will C. be unaffected because attractive forces within the crystal lattice are too strong for the dissolution to occur.

It should be noted that in a situation where the attractive forces that are among the solid are less than the attractive forces between the solid and a liquid, then the solid won't dissolute.

In this case, the solid will not dissolve since the particles cannot be pulled away. Therefore, the solid will be unaffected due to the fact that the attractive forces that are within the crystal lattice are too strong for the dissolution to occur.

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Final answer:

When the attractive forces between a solid and a liquid exceed those among the solid particles, the A. solid will dissolve, following the solvation process and the principle of 'like dissolves like'.

Explanation:

If the attractive forces among the solid are less than the attractive forces between the solid and a liquid, the solid will dissolve as particles are pulled away from the crystal lattice by the molecules of the liquid. This is due to the process called solvation, where the interactions between solute and solvent are stronger, leading to the separation of the solute particles which are then surrounded by solvent molecules.

Thus, when a solid dissolves in a liquid, the intermolecular forces between the solid particles and the solvent molecules overcome the forces holding the solid together, allowing the solid to break apart and mix uniformly with the liquid. This concept follows the principle that like dissolves like, suggesting that substances with similar intermolecular forces tend to form solutions.

Answer:

All but D are true characteristics of matter in gaseous state:

Explanation:

Matter reaches the gaseous state when the particles (atoms or molecules) overcome the attractive forces that keep them close to each other.

While solids and liquids retain a considerable intermolecular force that keep the molecules together and have a definite volume, gas particles are very apart of each other, meaning that they move freely and occupy the entire space of their containers. Thus, you conclude that the choice A, Gases flill their containers, is true.

As consequence of the lack of intermolecular forces, the gas particles move fast and collide both with other particles and with the walls of the container. As consequence of the many, many collisions of many, many particles with the walls, a net force is exerted over such walls, which results in the pressure. Thus, you conclude that the choice B, Gases exert pressure, is true.

All matter has mass, so choice C, Gases have mass, is also true.

Choice D, the pressure of a gas is independent of its temperature, is false: the higher the temperature, the greater the kinetic energy of the particles, the larger the number of collisions, and the larger the pressure exerted by the gas.

Choice E, Gases are compressible, is a consequence of the feature stated in choice F, The distances between particles in gas are relatively large. That the distances in a gas are relatively large was stated initially, when it was said that once the attractive forces that keep the particles togethe are ovecomer, the gas particles will separate and occupy a large volume.

Gases fill their containers completely, exert pressure, have mass, are compressible, and have particles separated by relatively large distances. Statement D from the question is incorrect as the pressure of a gas is not independent of its temperature.

The statement D. 'The pressure of a gas is independent of its temperature' is incorrect. The pressure of a gas is actually dependent on the temperature, as higher temperatures result in faster-moving particles that collide with the container walls more frequently, thus increasing pressure.

HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O

reactants: hydrochloric acid HCl

sodium hydroxide NaOh

products: sodium chloride (table salt) NaCl

dihydrogen monoxide (water)

H2O

Answer:

The volume will decrease.

Explanation:

According to Charles' Law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

V = kT

Thus, if T decreases, V decreases.

Explanation:

So,when balloon filled with helium gas was placed in lower temperature we will observe that the volume of the helium gas inside the helium will decrease due to which size of the balloon will also get decreased.

This is because volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles. And this law is known as Charles law of

[tex]V\propto T[/tex]    (At constant pressure and number of moles)

Answer A

Explanation:

Answer:

(A) 100 newtons/m^2

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the equation defining such changes is:

[tex]P_1V_1T_2=P_2V_2T_1[/tex]

Thus, the unknown is the pressure at the second state, which is found as shown below:

[tex]P_2=\frac{P_1V_1T_2}{V_2T_1}=\frac{300Pa*6L*250K}{9L*500K} \\P_2=100Pa=100\frac{N}{m^2}[/tex]

Therefore, the answer is (A).

Best regards.

Answer:

Hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds are bonds formed in polar molecules in which an hydrogen atom is directly joined to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen or fluorine.

A hydrogen bond is just an electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electronegative atom of a neighboring molecule.

Methanol has a formula of CH₃OH and the hydrogen bond is between the H and O.

Liquid methanol exhibits hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and dispersion forces. The primary intermolecular force is hydrogen bonding due to the -OH group present in methanol molecules. These forces contribute to methanol's relatively high boiling point.

Liquid methanol exhibits several types of intermolecular forces. The primary intermolecular force in methanol is hydrogen bonding.

Methanol molecules contain an -OH group, where the hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative oxygen atom.

This allows each methanol molecule to form hydrogen bonds with other methanol molecules. Additionally, methanol exhibits dipole-dipole interactions due to its polar nature.

Lastly, dispersion forces (also known as London dispersion forces) are present in all molecular substances, including methanol, although they are generally weaker compared to the other two types of forces.

Understanding these intermolecular forces helps explain why methanol has a relatively high boiling point compared to non-polar substances of similar molecular weight.