Which of these redox reactions is spontaneous as written? (a)Ag + Cu2+ → Ag+ + Cu (b)Al + H+ → Al3+ + H2 (c)H2 + Al3+ → H+ + Al (d)Na + K+ → Na+ + K
Answers
Hope this helps!
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Answer: The correct answer is Option b.
Explanation:
The given reactions are the examples of single displacement reactions.
Single displacement reactions are defined as the reactions in which more reactive metal replaces the less reactive metal from its chemical reaction. The reactivity of metals is given by the series known as reactivity series.
The metals which lie above in the series can replace the metals which lie low in the reactivity series.
[tex]A+BX\rightarrow AX+B[/tex]
For the given options:
Option a: [tex]Ag+Cu^{2+}\rightarrow Ag^++Cu[/tex]
Silver lies low in the series than copper and hence is less reactive. Therefore, it will not replace copper. Thus, this is a non-spontaneous reaction.
Option b: [tex]Al+H^+\rightarrow Al^{3+}+H_2[/tex]
Aluminium lies above in the series than hydrogen and hence is more reactive. Therefore, it will easily replace hydrogen. Thus, this is a spontaneous reaction.
Option c: [tex]H_2+Al^{3+}\rightarrow H^++Al[/tex]
Hydrogen lies low in the series than aluminium and hence is less reactive. Therefore, it will not replace aluminium. Thus, this is a non-spontaneous reaction.
Option d: [tex]Na+K^+\rightarrow Na^++K[/tex]
Sodium lies low in the series than potassium and hence is less reactive. Therefore, it will not replace potassium. Thus, this is a non-spontaneous reaction.
Hence, the correct answer is Option b.
Related Questions
Hydrofluoric acid, hf(aq), cannot be stored in glass bottles because compounds called silicates in the glass are attacked by the hf(aq). sodium silicate (na2sio3), for example, reacts as shown below. na2sio3(s) + 8 hf(aq) h2sif6(aq) + 2 naf(aq) + 3 h2o(l) (a) how many moles of hf are needed to react with 0.340 mol of na2sio3?
Answers
Na2 SiO3 (s) + 8 HF (aq) ---> H2 Si F6 (aq) + 2 Na F (aq) + 3H2O (l)
It is balanced
2) Molar ratios
1 mol Na2 SiO3 : 8 mol HF.
3) Proportion
0.340 mol Na2 SiO3 * 8 mol HF / 1mol Na2SiO3 = 2.72 mol HF.
Answer: 2.72 mol HF
2.72 moles of HF are needed to react with 0.340 mol of Na₂SiO₃ based on the balanced chemical equation.
To determine how many moles of HF are needed to react with 0.340 mol of Na₂SiO₃, we need to look at the balanced chemical equation:
Na₂SiO₃(s) + 8 HF(aq) -> H₂SiF₆(aq) + 2 NaF(aq) + 3 H₂O(l)
The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of Na₂SiO₃ reacts with 8 moles of HF. Therefore, to find the moles of HF needed for 0.340 mol of Na₂SiO₃, we use the ratio:
(0.340 mol Na₂SiO₃) * (8 mol HF / 1 mol Na₂SiO₃) = 2.72 mol HF
Therefore, 2.72 moles of HF are needed to react with 0.340 mol of Na₂SiO₃.
A generic salt, ab2, has a molar mass of 169 g/mol and a solubility of 1.10 g/l at 25 °c. what is the ksp of this salt at 25 °c?
Answers
Ksp=[A²⁺][B⁻]²
a=1.10 g/L
M=169 g/mol
c=a/M
[A²⁺]=c=a/M
[B⁻]=2c=2a/M
Ksp=(a/M)(2a/M)²=4(a/M)³
Ksp=4*(1.10/169)³=1.103×10⁻⁶
A compound has a percent composition of 40.0% carbon , 6.72% hydrogen , and 53.28% oxygen . If it's molar mass is 180 g/mol , what is its molecular formula ?
Answers
Base: 100 g
C: 40.00 g / 12.0 g /mol = 3.333 mol
H: 6.72 g / 1 g/mol = 6.72 mol
O: 53.28 g / 16g/mol = 3.33 mol
2) Divide by the smaller number of moles
C: 3.333 / 3.33 = 1.00
H: 6.72 / 3.33 = 2.02 ≈ 2
O: 3.33/3.33 = 1.00
3) Empirical formula
CH2O
molar mass of the empirical formula = 12 g/mol + 2*1g/mol + 16 g/mol = 30 g/,ol
4) Number of times that the mass of empirical formula is contained in the molar mass = 180 g/mol / 30 g/mol = 6
5) Molecular formula = 6 times the empirical formula
=>C6H12O6
Answer: C6H12O6
Final answer:
To find the molecular formula of a compound with a given percent composition and molar mass, we first determine the empirical formula based on the moles ratio of elements. Then, by comparing the molar mass of the empirical formula to the given molar mass, we identify the molecular formula as C6H12O6 (glucose).
Explanation:
The question asks for the molecular formula of a compound with a known percent composition and molar mass. First, we calculate the empirical formula using the percent composition by assuming a 100g sample, thus directly converting percentages to grams. Then, we divide the masses by the molar mass of each element to get the mole ratio. Finally, we find the molecular formula by relating the empirical formula mass to the given molar mass of the compound.
Step 1: Calculate moles based on percent composition
Carbon (C): 40.0g, determining moles as 40.0g / 12.01g/mol = 3.33 moles
Hydrogen (H): 6.72g, determining moles as 6.72g / 1.01g/mol = 6.65 moles
Oxygen (O): 53.28g, determining moles as 53.28g / 16.00g/mol = 3.33 moles
Step 2: Determine the empirical formula
The moles ratio for C:H:O roughly simplifies to Int(1):2:1, indicating the empirical formula CH2O.
Step 3: Determine the molecular formula
The molar mass of the empirical formula (CH2O) is 30 g/mol. Since the compound's molar mass is given as 180 g/mol, this suggests the molecular formula contains six times the number of atoms in the empirical formula, making it C6H12O6, which is the molecular formula for glucose.
What does a periodic trend look like on the periodic table?
Answers
Some of the trends are density, atomic radius,melting point, boiling point, electronegativity etc.
A periodic trend on the periodic table is represented by a repeating pattern
An atom of the element iron has an atomic number of 26 and an atomic mass number of 56. if it is neutral, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
Answers
Answer:
26 protons, 26 electrons, 30 neutrons
Explanation:
Let P = protons, N = neutrons, E = electrons
The mass number of an atom is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
The number of neutrons is the difference between the mass and atomic numbers of the atom
Therefore, 56 = P + N
where N = 56 - 26
N = 30
That means the number of neutrons is 30
To find P, 56 = P + N, N being 30
56 is now P + 30
56 = P + 30
56 - 30 = P
P = 26
Now, for an atom in its neutral state, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons
Therefore, E is also 26
What is emitted when the radioactive nucleus of 131 53i decays to form the stable isotope of xenon 131 54xe?
Answers
Final answer:
In the decay of iodine-131 to xenon-131, a beta particle and gamma rays are emitted as the nucleus transitions from an unstable to a stable state.
Explanation:
When the radioactive nucleus of iodine-131 (131I_53) decays, it emits a beta particle (an electron, β) and transforms into an unstable form of xenon-131 (131Xe_54m), which is then followed by a gamma decay. The gamma decay involves the emission of gamma rays as the nucleus transitions from its excited state (131Xe_54m) to its ground state, resulting in a stable isotope of xenon-131 (131Xe_54). This process can be written as follows:
131I_53 → 131Xe_54m + β-131Xe_54m → 131Xe_54 + γ
This type of decay is common in nuclear reactions and is one method of radioactive decay wherein unstable nuclei transition to a more stable form.
If eight atoms of iron react completely with six molecules of oxygen, how many units of iron oxide will be formed?
Answers
If eight atoms of iron react completely with six molecules of oxygen, 4 molecules of iron (III) oxide will be formed.
Identify the molecule with the strongest intermolecular force
HF
HCl
Hl
HBr
Answers
HF s molecule with the strongest intermolecular force
HF > HI > HBr > HCl
The main factor of influence at the boiling point is the question of intermolecular forces, but not only that, the molar mass also has influence (the greater the molar mass, the greater the boiling point). Note that the only one forming hydrogen bridges is the HF, therefore the largest boiling point, iodine, bromine and chlorine have the same type of intermolecular (permanent dipole) connections as they are polar, and what will differentiate the boiling point of each one is the molar mass.
Isotopes of an element have the same number of ________ and different numbers of ________. neutrons... protons protons... neutrons electrons...protons protons...electrons
Answers
Which type of solid consists of atoms or molecules held together by dipole-dipole forces, london disperson forces, and/or hydrogen bonds? ionic molecular metallic covalent-network metallic and covalent-network?
Answers
It also has dipole-dipole attraction due to differnce in electronegativity among hydrogen and oxygen atom
It also has hydrogen bonding between oxygen and hydrogen
What are the atomic number and mass number for the carbon isotope with seven neutrons? express your answer as integers separated by a comma. z, a =?
Answers
The atomic number and mass number for the carbon isotope with seven neutrons are 6 and 13, respectively.
Explanation:The atomic number and mass number for the carbon isotope with seven neutrons can be determined using the information given. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus, which for carbon is always 6. The mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, so for carbon with seven neutrons, the mass number is 13. Therefore, the atomic number and mass number for the carbon isotope with seven neutrons are 6 and 13, respectively.
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Which of the models shown below best represents the modern understanding of the structure of the atom?
Answers
The wave-mechanical model of the atom was proposed by Erwin Schrodinger that combined the works of Bohr and de Broglie. The electron was a three dimensional wave circling the nucleus in a whole number of wavelengths allowing the waveform to repeat itself as a stable standing wave (it can absorb energy form a nearby source which is oscillating at a proper frequency) representing the energy levels of Bohr model. He also said that Broglie’s model was correct about the matter waves and the electrons are located in the atomic space according to standing wave frequencies.
It's the 3rd option sis
How is the mass number of an isotope expressed in the name of an atom?
Answers
The mass number of an isotope is expressed in the name of an atom by placing it after the element's name, separated by a hyphen. For example, Carbon-12.
Explanation:The mass number of an isotope is represented in the name of an atom by placing it after the element's name, separated by a hyphen. For example, carbon with a mass number of 12 is represented as Carbon-12.
This mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. As isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, the mass number differentiates one isotope from another. So, Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are two isotopes of the Carbon element.
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Polymerization is most directly responsible in determining which structure of a protein?
A.quaternary
B.secondary
C.tertiary
D.primary
Answers
Answer:Primary
Explanation:
Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of tnt. assume that, upon explosion, tnt decomposes into n2(g),co2(g),h2o(g), and c(s):
Answers
The molecular formula of TNT is C7H5N3O6, so the decomposition equation is:
4C7H5N3O6 ---> 6N2(g) + 7CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) + 21C(s)
Count the atoms to the left and to the right to verify that the equation is balanced
atom left right
C 4*7 = 28 7 + 21 = 28
H 4*5 = 20 10*2 = 20
N 4*3 = 12 6*2 = 12
O 4*6 = 24 7*2 + 10 = 24
So, the equation is correctly balanced.
Answer: 4C7H5N3O6 ---> 6N2(g) + 7CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) + 21C(s)
The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of TNT into nitrogen gas, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and solid carbon is: 2 C7H5N3O6(s) → 3 N2(g) + 5 H2O(g) + 7 CO(g) + 7C(s). This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases energy.
Explanation:The decomposition of TNT (trinitrotoluene) can be represented by a balanced chemical equation that includes solid carbon (C) as one of the products, along with gaseous nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor (H2O). The balanced equation is derived by ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides of the reaction. The balanced equation for TNT decomposition is:
2 C7H5N3O6(s) → 3 N2(g) + 5 H2O(g) + 7 CO(g) + 7C(s)
This reaction is exothermic, releasing energy upon explosion. However, it is important to note that the real decomposition of TNT can be more complex, and the products can vary depending on the conditions. For simplicity, this equation assumes that all the carbon is converted to solid carbon, not carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide which could also be formed.
Based on its location on the periodic table, which element would be most likely to form a negative ion?
A. Aluminum (Al)
B. Copper (Cu)
C. Sodium (Na)
D. Fluorine (F)
Answers
The correct answer among the choices would be:
D. Fluorine (F)
Among all the elements, fluorine is the most electronegative element. Electronegativity refers to the measure of tendency of an electron to be attracted to that element. Since Fluorine is very electronegative, it can easily absorb the electrons of other elements. Since it sucks up electron, this gives Fluorine an excess electron thus making it a negative ion F-.
Answer: Bromine (Br)
Explanation:
A mass of gas has a volume of 4 m3, a temperature of 290 K, and an absolute pressure of 475 kPa. When the gas is allowed to expand to 6.5 m3, its new temperature is 277 K. What's the absolute pressure of the gas after expansion?
A. 104.1 kPa
B. 293.9 kPa
C. 279.2 kPa
D. 178.5 kPa
Answers
To solve this we assume that the gas is an ideal gas. Then, we can use the ideal gas equation which is expressed as PV = nRT. At number of moles the value of PV/T is equal to some constant. At another set of condition of temperature, the constant is still the same. Calculations are as follows:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
P2 = P1 (V1) (T2) / (T1) (V2)
P2 = 475 kPa (4 m^3) (277 K) / (290 K) (6.5 m^3)
P2 = 279.20 kPa
Therefore, the changes in the temperature and the volume lead to a change in the pressure of the system which is from 475 kPa to 279.20 kPa. So, there is a decrease in the pressure.
Which is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen (n2) with oxygen (o2) to form no?
Answers
Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between molecular nitrogen (N₂) and oxygen (O₂) to form nitrogen monoxide (NO) is N₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 NO(g). It ensures there is an equal number of nitrogen and oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation.
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of molecular nitrogen (N₂) with oxygen (O₂) to form nitrogen monoxide (NO) is:
N₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 NO(g)
Each molecule of nitrogen monoxide consists of one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom. To balance the chemical equation, we must have equal numbers of each type of atom on either side of the arrow. Since we start with two nitrogen atoms on the left, we need two nitrogen atoms on the right, which means we'll need two NO molecules. The same logic applies to oxygen, therefore we need only one O₂ molecule to balance the two oxygen atoms needed to produce the two NO molecules. Thus, the equation is balanced with one N₂, one O₂, and two NO molecules.
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Which property describes an acid but not a base?
dissociates into ions in solution
---------reacts with pure metals
tastes bitter
can change the color of plant-based dyes
I think it is the second choice but I'm unsure...
Answers
acids:
*gives off H+ ions when dissolved in water
*sour tasting
*examples vinegar, lemon juice, HCI
* reacts with metals and carbonates
* turns litmus red and cabbage dye red
bases:
*gives off OH-ions when dissolved in water
*bitter tasting
*examples are soap, baking soda, and NaOH
*turns litmus blue and cabbage dye green
Based on that i think its reacts with metals.
A certain compound is made up of two chlorine atoms, one carbon atom, and one oxygen atom. what is the chemical formula of this compound? express your answer as a chemical formula.
Answers
_________________
Answer: The chemical formula for the compound is [tex]COCl_2[/tex]
Explanation:
A chemical compound which is formed by the combination of carbon, oxygen and chlorine atoms.
We are given:
Number of carbon atoms in the compound = 1
Number of oxygen atoms in the compound = 1
Number of chlorine atoms in the compound = 2
The chemical formula for the compound will be [tex]COCl_2[/tex]. The chemical name for the given compound is phosgene.
Hence, the compound is [tex]COCl_2[/tex]
What mass of carbon dioxide (co2) can be produced from 15.6 g of c6h14 and excess oxygen?
Answers
Number of moles of C6H14=15.6/86=0.1814 moles
so moles of CO2 = 6(0.1814)=1.088
As the c6h14 has 1 is to 6 ratio with co2
so
0.1814=mass/44
mass of co2 produced = 47.9 g
Answer: The mass of carbon dioxide produced is 46.7 grams.
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(1)
Given mass of hexane = 15.6
Molar mass of hexane = 88.2 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of hexane}=\frac{15.6g}{88.2g/mol}=0.177mol[/tex]
The chemical equation for the combustion of hexane follows:
[tex]2C_6H_{14}+19O_2\rightarrow 12CO_2+14H_2O[/tex]
As, oxygen gas is present in excess, it is considered as an excess reagent.
Thus, hexane is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of hexane produces 12 moles of carbon dioxide
So, 0.177 moles of hexane will produce = [tex]\frac{12}{2}\times 0.177=1.062mol[/tex] of carbon dioxide
Now, calculating the mass of carbon dioxide by using equation 1:
Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol
Moles of carbon dioxide = 1.062 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]1.062mol=\frac{\text{Mass of carbon dioxide}}{44g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of carbon dioxide}=(1.062mol\times 44g/mol)=46.7g[/tex]
Hence, the mass of carbon dioxide produced is 46.7 grams.
List 2 of the important properties of gases.
Answers
And they expand to fill their containers
2.expandability
If you reacted 93.7 grams of iron with excess copper sulfate solution, what mass of copper would you expect to make? You may need to balance the equation first. Fe + CuSO4 -> Cu +FeSO4 A. 89.18 grams
B. 106.25 grams
C. 1.67 grams
D. 104.5 grams
Answers
Fe + CuSO4 --> Cu + FeSO4
It is already balanced
2) Molar ratios
1 mol Fe : 1 mol CuSO4 : 1 mol Cu : 1 mol FeSO4
3) atomic masses of Fe and Cu
Fe: 55.8 g/mol
Cu: 63.5 g/mol
4) number of moles of Fe
number of moles = mass in grams / atomic mass = 93.7 g / 55.8 g/mol = 1.679 mol
5) number of moles of Cu:
1 mol Fe / 1 mol Cu => 1.679 mol Fe / 1.679 mole Cu
5) mass of Cu in 1.679 moles Cu
mass = atomic mass * number of atoms = 63.5 g/mol * 1.679 moles = 106.6 g = 107 rounded to 3 significant figures.
=> Answer is the option B (although the question should have 3 significant figures).
Which of these statements is most likely correct about a weak nuclear force?
It binds electrons and protons
It binds protons and neutrons
it is an attractive force
It is a repulsive force
Answers
Answer: It binds protons and neutrons
Explanation: Nuclear forces are that kind of forces of attraction which binds the nucleons around the nucleus.
Nucleons are the particles present in the nucleus . Thus protons and neutrons are known as Nucleons.
Protons are positively charged particle and neutrons are neutral in nature and they both experience almost identical forces of attraction.
Calculate the mass (in ng) of 2.33 x 1020 atoms of oxygen.
Answers
Answer:
[tex]6.19*10}^{6}[/tex] g of Oxygen
Explanation:
In order to answer the question the Avogadro´s number is needed:
Avogadro´s number = [tex]6.022*10^{23}[/tex][tex]mol^{-1}[/tex]
Calculate the mass using the Avogadro´s number:
[tex]2.33*10^{20}atomsO*\frac{1molO}{6.022*10^{23}atomsO}*\frac{16gO}{1molO}*\frac{1*10^{9}g}{1g}=6.19*10}^{6}[/tex] g of Oxygen
Calculate the energy of one photon of yellow light that has a wavelength of 589 nm
Answers
Which answer provides the correct name for name the following hydrocarbon?
Moving left to right: A hydrocarbon chain made of a methyl group (CH subscript three) single bond carbon triple bond carbon single bond CH bonded to a methyl group (CH subscript three) and a chain including a methelyne group (CH subscript two) single bond methyl group (CH subscript three) .
4-ethyl-2-pentyne
4-methyl-2-hexyne
2-heptyne
4-methy-hexane
Answers
Answer : The correct option is, 4-methyl-2-hexyne
Explanation :
The rules for naming of alkyne are :
First select the longest possible carbon chain. The longest possible carbon chain should include the carbons of triple bonds. The naming of alkyne by adding the suffix -yne. The numbering is done in such a way that first carbon of triple bond gets the lowest number. The carbon atoms of the triple bond get the preference over the other substituents present in the parent chain. If two or more similar alkyl groups are present in a compound, the words di-, tri-, tetra- and so on are used to specify the number of times of the alkyl groups in the chain.According to the given information, the name of the hydrocarbon is, 4-methyl-2-hexyne.
The structure of given compound is shown below.
The hydrocarbon described in the question, a chain with methyl groups (CH3) at either end and a carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle, is named as 4-methyl-2-hexyne.
The structure you've provided corresponds to the hydrocarbon named as
4-methyl-2-hexyne
. This hydrocarbon has two methyl groups (CH
3
) at the ends of the main carbon chain, and in the middle, it includes a carbon-carbon triple bond as suggested by '-yne' ending. The placement of the methyl group is at the 4th position as the counting starts from the end of the chain closer to the triple bond.
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The molality of a solution that is made by dissolving a certain mass of benzene in 20.6 g of carbon tetrachloride is 0.529 m. How many moles of benzene were dissolved?
Answers
Answer:
0.0109 mol
Explanation:
Took the exam.
Two isotopes of the same element will have the same _____ but a different ____. mass number, atomic number. atomic number, mass number. atomic mass, mass number. mass number, atomic mass.
Answers
Answer: The correct answer is atomic number, mass number.
Explanation:
Isotopes are defined as the chemical species which have same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons.
It can also be said that they are the chemical species of the same element which have same atomic number but have different mass number.
For Example: [tex]_6^{12}\textrm{C}\text{ and }_6^{14}\textrm{C}[/tex] are the isotopes of carbon element, which have same atomic number but different mass number.
Hence, the correct answer is atomic number, mass number.
What is the difference between electron configuration and valence electron configuration?
Answers
Answer:
The diagonal rule states that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing "quantum number sum" (n + ℓ). When two orbitals share the same "quantum number sum", they will be filled in order of increasing n.
Explanation:The electrons in an atom fill up its atomic orbitals according to the Aufbau Principle; "Aufbau," in German, means "building up." The Aufbau Principle, which incorporates the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's Rule prescribes a few simple rules to determine the order in which electrons fill atomic orbitals:
Electrons always fill orbitals of lower energy first. 1s is filled before 2s, and 2s before 2p.
The Pauli Exclusion Principle states no two electrons within a particular atom can have identical quantum numbers. In function, this principle means that if two electrons occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spin.
Hund's Rule states that when an electron joins an atom and has to choose between two or more orbitals of the same energy, the electron will prefer to enter an empty orbital rather than one already occupied. As more electrons are added to the atom, these electrons tend to half-fill orbitals of the same energy before pairing with existing electrons to fill orbitals.
Valence Electrons:
The outermost orbital shell of an atom is called its valence shell, and the electrons in the valence shell are valence electrons. Valence electrons are the highest energy electrons in an atom and are therefore the most reactive. While inner electrons (those not in the valence shell) typically don't participate in chemical bonding and reactions, valence electrons can be gained, lost, or shared to form chemical bonds. For this reason, elements with the same number of valence electrons tend to have similar chemical properties, since they tend to gain, lose, or share valence electrons in the same way. The Periodic Table was designed with this feature in mind. Each element has a number of valence electrons equal to its group number on the Periodic Table.