Answer: A
Explanation:
Genes consist of hormones that regulate bodily functions
All genetically inherited traits are completely independent of lifestyle factors. This statement is untrue; genes interact with lifestyle choices, influencing health outcomes and traits. So, the correct choice is option D.
Genetically inherited traits can interact with lifestyle factors, affecting an individual's health. While genes play a significant role in determining traits and disease predispositions, lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and environmental factors can also impact gene expression and disease outcomes. Many health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers, result from complex interactions between multiple genes and lifestyle factors.
Moreover, epigenetic changes, influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors, can modify gene activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence, further illustrating the connection between genetics and lifestyle in determining various traits and health outcomes. Therefore, option D is the choice that is not true about genes.
For more questions on Genes
https://brainly.com/question/33723717
#SPJ3
rome had easy access in this location to ________ and _________
Answer:
Sea (Mediterranean Sea) and Mountains found in the peninsula.
Explanation:
The location of Rome offered them access to the sea as the ancient Roman Empire was surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Also, they enjoyed the protection of the hills and mountains in the peninsula. They access to the sea also gave them a kind of protection from seaborne invasion.
Dr. Smyth is testing to see whether preschool children learn new words faster with pictures or objects. He wants to test each child under both conditions. He has all the children participate in the picture condition and then in the object condition and finds the object condition to produce better results. What flaw in his design could provide an alternate explanation for his findings
Answer:
Overlapping of experiment groups
Explanation:
Dr Smyth research is intended to analyse whether preschool children learn new words faster with pictures or objects.
He makes all the children participate in learning through picture & object tools both. And, concludes that object tools condition gives better results.
However, his design & conclusion is flawed. As, he overlapped the same group of children to test through both the learning methods (pictures & objects).
When children are indulged in both methods, their learning is likely to be cumulative effect of both the methods. Its very difficult to segregate the learning impact owing to individual method & compare them. Creating different student groups, for learning through the two methods - is a better option. Two distinct groups taught through the 2 different methods, & their learning analysis would give better study result about the methods' comparative efficiency.Mina calls herself an independent. During elections, she votes for candidates on the basis of their previous performances and achievements rather than their political affiliations. In the recently concluded general elections that follow a plurality system, she voted for the presidential candidate of one party and a congressional candidate from the opposition party. In this fictitious scenario, Mina is involved in _____ voting.
Answer:split- ticket voting.
Explanation:
Split-ticket voting is a practice whereby individual vote more than one person by distributing their votes among multiple parties especially for more than one office during an election By spliting her votes by voting for the presidential candidate of one party and a congressional candidate from the opposition party. Mina is involved in split -ticket voting.
How are sales taxes calculated?
Answer:Sales tax is a mandatory amount that the government charges on items purchased by consumers and businesses. ... The formula for calculating the sales tax on a good or service is: selling price x sales tax rate and when calculating the total cost of a purchase, the formula is: total sale amount = selling price + sales tax
Explanation:skraghit from google.
Final answer:
Sales tax is calculated by multiplying the price of the item by the rate of sales tax. For example, if you have a $65.00 item with a 5% sales tax, the amount of sales tax would be $3.25.
Explanation:
A sales tax is a tax assessed on an item bought in a store. It is calculated by multiplying the price of the item by the rate of sales tax. The amount of sales tax can be found by using the formula: Amount of sales tax = price x rate of sales tax. For example, if you have a $65.00 item with a 5% sales tax, the amount of sales tax would be $65.00 x 0.05 = $3.25.
True or false. Congress and president Wilson initially voted to not get involved in World War One.
Please help and answer quick I only have 10 minutes!!!
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Answer:
True. When war broke out in Europe in 1914 President Wilson declared that the United States would follow a strict policy of neutrality. This was a product of a longstanding idea at the heart of American foreign policy that the United States would not entangle itself with alliances with other nations.
Explanation:
At the end of chapter six, Luke’s mother announces that she is going to work in the factory. Why is Luke so upset about this? How do you think Luke will cope with the change?
Answer:
There would be no one to stay with him at home.Explanation:
When the government raised the tax, Luke's family was put in a tough position. The tax have been raised three times the usual and was more than what they earned from selling the pigs.In order to overcome this ordeal, Luke's mother decides that she was going to work in the factory. However, on hearing his mother's decision to work, Luke gets upset because there would be no one to stay with him at home.Luke had to cope with the change by staying in his room and watch the outside world through the vents in his room once the rest of his family leaves for school and work.
Approximately how many people live in Indianapolis, IN?
500,000–699,999
700,000–899,999
900,000–2 million
2–4 million
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Dr. specializes in treating pathological gambling, which means being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new survey to measure pathological gambling. The survey has 15 questions. has now decided that he wants to test his measure on some university students (who some estimates say have a 6% prevalence rate of compulsive gambling). He has a group of 100 university students complete his measure. He also has them complete two other measures (one that measures addictive behavior in general and one that measures general attitudes toward gambling). He finds that his new measure is positively associated with each of these other measures. This procedure has provided evidence for the _________ of measure.
Answer:
This procedure has provided evidence for the Dr to determine whether they are suffering from the compulsive gambling impluses and the measures to adopt inorder to overcome such.
Without adminstring the survey, the Dr. would not have been able to know if the impulses was as widespread as he has imagined and the likely solution towards treating pathological gambling by his clients could not have been discovered and applied.
Explanation:
the correct answer of the to be filled in the blank is validity.he survey's positive associations with measures of addictive behavior and attitudes toward gambling supports its validity, which is critical for assessing pathological gambling, a condition potentially linked with neurotransmitter.
The procedure described in the scenario has provided evidence for the validity of the measure that Dr. created to assess pathological gambling. By comparing this new measure with two other measures - one for addictive behavior in general and another for general attitudes toward gambling - and finding positive associations, some evidence of validity has been established, suggesting that the test does measure what it is intended to measure. This relation is meaningful, especially in the context of studies showing that pathological gamblers might have neurotransmitter imbalances, such as lower levels of norepinephrine, which could be related to their gambling addiction. These findings align with the behaviorist B.F. Skinner's view on the power of variable ratio reinforcement and the similarities between gambling and the brain activation seen in drug addictions.
According to integrated social contracts theory, the ethical standards a company should
try to uphold:
A. Are governed by the school of ethical universalism
B. Are governed both by (1) a limited number of universal ethical principles that are widely
recognized as putting legitimate ethical boundaries on actions and behavior in all situations and (2)
the circumstances of local cultures, traditions and shared values that further prescribe what
constitutes ethically permissible behavior and what does not—but universal norms always take
precedence over local ethical norms
C. Are governed by each country's Code of Required Ethical Conduct—which sets forth that each
individual/group/business/organization has a "social contract" to observe the ethical and moral
standards that the country has adopted
D. Should be determined by the company's moral managers
E. Should never be absolute but rather always provide some wiggle room according to the
circumstances of the situation
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
According to integrated social contracts theory, the ethical standards a company should try to uphold:
(1) a limited number of universal ethical principles that are widely recognized as putting legitimate ethical boundaries on actions and behavior in all situations and (2) the circumstances of local cultures, traditions, and shared values that further prescribe what constitutes ethically permissible behavior and what does not but universal ethical norms take precedence over local ethical norms.
The most accurate answer, consistent with the Integrated Social Contracts Theory, is option B.
The correct option is B. The ethical standards a company should try to uphold are governed both by (1) a limited number of universal ethical principles that are widely recognized as putting legitimate ethical boundaries on actions and behavior in all situations and (2) the circumstances of local cultures, traditions, and shared values that further prescribe what constitutes ethically permissible behavior and what does not ”but universal norms always take precedence over local ethical norms.
According to the Integrated Social Contracts Theory (ISCT), developed by Thomas Donaldson and Thomas W. Dunfee, ethical standards in business are determined by a combination of universal ethical principles and local community norms. The theory posits that there are certain hypernorms, which are universal principles that should be upheld across all cultures and societies. These hypernorms set the baseline for ethical behavior and are considered to be inviolable.
In addition to these universal principles, the ISCT recognizes the importance of local community norms, which include cultural, social, and legal expectations that are specific to a particular region or society. These local norms provide additional guidance on ethical behavior within the context of the community in which a company operates.
However, the key aspect of the ISCT is that when local norms conflict with universal principles, the universal principles should always take precedence. This means that while companies should be sensitive to and respectful of local customs and practices, they must never violate the fundamental universal ethical norms in doing so.
Options A, C, D, and E do not fully capture the essence of the ISCT:
A. This option suggests that ethical standards are governed by ethical universalism alone, which does not account for the role of local norms as per ISCT.
C. This option suggests that ethical standards are solely determined by each country's Code of Required Ethical Conduct, which neglects the existence of universal ethical principles.
D. This option places the responsibility for determining ethical standards on the company's moral managers, which is not in line with the ISCT's recognition of both universal and local norms.
E. This option implies that ethical standards should always be flexible and never absolute, which contradicts the ISCT's emphasis on the precedence of universal norms over local ones.
What is the overall economic result of the Columbian Exchange and Triangular Trade?
Answer:
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
In Europe new types of foods improved diets and lifespans. European economies also improved through trade (see Mercantilism). Animals like the cow and the horse changed the lives of many Native American groups. However, Native Americans infected with smallpox connected to Asia, Africa, and Europe by trade and migration on a constant basis. We call this the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange transported plants, animals, diseases, technologies, and people one continent to another. Crops like tobacco, tomatoes, potatoes, corn, cacao, peanuts, and pumpkins went from the Americas to rest of the world. At the same time, Europeans brought in foods like bananas and coffee; animals like cattle, sheep, pigs and horses; and diseases like smallpox and malaria. This process is often seen as an earlier stage of what we call globalization today. European diseases had the largest impact on Native Americans. Diseases like smallpox and influenza killed millions of Native Americans. Historians estimate that diseases killed between 50% and 90% of natives. The large number of dead made their societies much easier to conquer and control. As Europeans took control of land, they needed labor for the cash crops (like sugar, cotton, and tobacco) grown in the Americas. One result from the need of labor was the development of slavery
The Triangular Trade
The triangular trade was the trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Raw
materials like precious metals (gold and silver), tobacco, sugar and cotton went from
the Americas to Europe. Manufactured goods like cloth and metal items went to Africa and the Americas. Finally, slaves
went from Africa to the Americas to work. This trade created great profits for Europe. The lives of Native Americans were
severely damaged or destroyed through violence and economic and environmental damage. African slaves also suffered
horribly. The trip from Africa to the Americas was called the Middle Passage. In the Middle Passage hundreds of slaves
were packed tightly into ships. Conditions were horrible. Diseases spread in the small spaces, and as many as 20% of
Africans died before even arriving in the Americas. Survivors were sold into brutal slavery, working in mines or on farms
growing cash crops
is a person who leaves his or her own country or region to settle in another.
Answer:
A person who leaves his or her own country or region to settle in another one are called Immigrant
Explanation:
Immigrant: a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
What effect did the Germanic invasions have on Western Europe?
Answer:
The invasions of Germanic groups led to a series of negative changes . Three effects of the Germanic invasions were halt on trade. Transportation of goods became unsafe. Less people were educated, and Europe no longer had one spoken language, unable to be understood by all.
Explanation:
here is the answer
Which of the following issues relates most to foreign policy? (3 points)
Group of answer choices
Health care
Jobs
Taxes
Weapons
Answer:health care
Explanation:
With which country does the United States share a “special relationship,” a term used to describe the close political, economic, and cultural ties between the two countries?
A.
Australia
B.
Germany
C.
Great Britain
D.
France
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
C
Explanation:I just did it
The term "The Special Relationship" is frequently used to refer to the between the United Kingdom and the United States or its political leaders. Hence option C is correct .
What was “special relationship,” ?The term "The Special Relationship" is frequently used to refer to the historical, political, social, cultural, economic, legal, environmental, religious, and military ties between the United Kingdom and the United States or its political leaders.
Winston Churchill, a former British prime minister, originally used the phrase in a speech in 1946, which is when it first gained widespread use. Throughout several wars in the 20th and 21st centuries, such as World Wars I and II, the Korean War, and the Cold War, both countries have been close friends the Wars on Terror and the Gulf War.
The degree of cooperation between the UK and the US in trade and commerce, military planning, execution of military operations, nuclear weapons technology, and intelligence sharing has been described as "unparalleled" among major world powers, even though both governments also have close ties with many other countries.
Learn more about “special relationship,” here
https://brainly.com/question/30026763
#SPJ6
If a book is pushed across the floor but doesn’t bump into anything what makes it stop moving
maybe the books weight?
which negative effects have the discovery and production of oil in southwest asia created
Answer:
The intervention of foreign powers in the region .
Tensions and wars over the control of oil.
a widening gap between rich and poor countries .
Explanation:
It said it on my test I took.
The negative effects of the discovery and production of oil in southwest Asia created are the intervention of foreign powers in the region, tensions and wars over the control of oil and a widening gap between rich and poor countries.
How oil has built a life in southwest Asia?Southwest Asia lies at the crossroads of three continents: Europe, Africa, and Asia. In ancient times, traders from distant lands crossed this region in dusty caravans. Today, most traders come in huge tanker ships looking for only one oil. Southwest Asia doesn’t look very welcoming.
Much of it is hot and dry. The Arabian Desert is so barren that some people call it the place where no one comes out. But hidden beneath the region’s deserts are vast reserves of oil and natural gas. More than half of the world’s proven crude oil reserves lie under Southwest Asia.
Although Southwest Asia has large oil reserves, it lacks other resources.
Learn more about Asia, here:
https://brainly.com/question/15432079
#SPJ5
What is the value of the charge that has an electric potential of 325V an electric potential energy of .025J?
Answer:
value of the charge = 7.69 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] C
Explanation:
given data
electric potential energy = 0.025 J
electric potential voltage = 325 V
solution
we get here value of the charge that is express as
value of the charge = electric potential energy ÷ electric potential voltage .................1
put here value and we will get
value of the charge = [tex]\frac{0.025}{325}[/tex]
value of the charge = 7.69 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] C
My Lord calls me, he calls me by the lightning;
The trumpet sounds it in my soul,
I hain't got long to stay here.
Tombstones are bursting, poor sinners stand trembling;
The trumpet sounds it in my soul.
I hain't got long to stay here.
Steal away, steal away, steal away to Jesus!
Steal away, steal away home, I hain't got long to stay here.
"Steal Away," a slave song from the American south
What does the person hear sounding in his soul?
lightning
b. people crying
a.
a trumpet
a train
d.
Answer:
b. people crying will be the answer
In the slave song 'Steal Away,' the person hears a metaphorical trumpet sounding in his soul, symbolizing a call to freedom and spiritual liberation.
The person in the slave song “Steal Away” hears a trumpet sounding in his soul. This metaphorical sound represents a call to freedom and spiritual liberation, embodied by the phrase “Steal away, steal away to Jesus!” It is a symbol of hope and the desire for escape from the hardships of slavery, suggesting an imminent journey to a better place, whether in this life or the next. The references to the trumpet and spiritual calling are common motifs in African American spirituals and reflect the slaves’ use of music as a form of resistance and communication.
Wilma locked herself in the trunk of a 1973 sedan in an attempt to learn a magic trick. After some time, she decided to get out of the trunk, but was unable to do so. She was released nine days later. She subsequently sued the manufacturer of the sedan for the psychological and physical injuries she sustained because the trunk did not have an internal release or opening mechanism that would have allowed her to escape. She alleged that the manufacturer was negligent in its design of the car because it lacked such a mechanism, and negligent because it failed to warn users that the trunk did not have such a mechanism. In this scenario, was the manufacturer of the sedan negligent for failing to warn, or failing to include a release mechanism in its design of the car?
Answer:
Yes, the manufacturer is required to disclose how the car functions.
Explanation:
It is not advisable to go into a trunk voluntarily and lock yourself in. This is dangerous and potentially life threatening. It does occur in some unfortunate situations that individuals may be held in trunks against their will. Some of these individuals may be able to make it out alive if they were given the opportunity to get out of the trunk on their own.
A manufacturer of a car should include details of the function of the trunk when the car is purchased and/or advertised. In this case Wilma is within her rights to sue the manufacturer since they did not disclose the potential dangers of being locked in the trunk of the car they made whether or not she did so willingly.
Answer:
yes the manufacturer was negligent
Explanation:
The manufacturer was Negligent because the Trunk of a 1973 sedan is designed to be released ( open and close ) from outside the trunk and not from inside of the trunk and he was suppose to include an information indicating how the trunk functions
Although Wilma locking herself in the trunk of the car was not the purpose for which the car was designed for, hence she used the car wrongly but she can sue the manufacturer for the Negligence because the manufacturer did not provide information about the danger of using the car for a purpose that it was not built for like trying to open the trunk from inside
Harriet Smith is replacing Barry Brown as Regional Sales Manager for the state of Florida with 99, a large chain of retail stores in Florida. He is assigned to work with Barry until he retires and learn about the acquisition processes, the provider's preferences, etc. through observation. Which of the following mentoring technique is used in this case??
shadowing
narrowing
none of above
Answer:Shadowing(Job shadowing)
Explanation: Shadowing also known as job shadowing is a type of learning on the go type of employee training in which a new employee or a trainee gains comprehensive knowledge and know-how about a job by working closely and observing a trained and experienced employee to effectively perform any given task which the experienced employee can.
Here, Harriet Smith is replacing Barry Brown as Regional Sales Manager. By being assigned to work closelywith Barry until he retires and Harriet learns the provider's preferences, through observation, Harriet is job shadowing.
One night, Jacob is walking home from his shift at a bar. Steven walks up behind him and holds up his index finger to Jacob’s back; Jacob believes it is a gun. Steven instructs him to walk to the adjacent alley, kneel on the ground facing the wall, and orders Jacob to give him all his money, valuables, and cell phone. Steven threatens Jacob and tells him not to make any sound or Steven will shoot him. After Steven leaves, Jacob quickly reports the crime and a patrol car was sent to canvas the location. Steven is found with Jacob’s items and is subsequently arrested. Is Steven liable for attempted battery assault? Why or why not? Is Steven liable for assault of placing another in fear of a battery? Why or why not
An assault refers to an attempt or threat to injure another person, while battery refers to the act of touching someone in a harmful way. This occurs when someone tries to physically strike someone else, or when he acts in a manner that puts the other person in fear of immediate harm. Sometimes, a category of "aggravated" assault or battery is used when the person used a deadly weapon.
In this case, Steven is not liable for attempted battery or battery. This is because he employed his finger, and not a gun or other weapon. Therefore, he lacked the ability to commit the battery, as well as the steps toward the commission of the battery.
However, Steven would be liable for assault, as he placed another in fear of battery. Jacob had reason to fear the possibility of bodily harm. This is because Jacob had every reason to believe that Steven was capable and willing to cause him harm.
Steven is liable for attempted battery assault because he threatened Jacob, and he is also liable for assault of placing another in fear of battery by causing Jacob to fear physical harm.
Explanation:Steven is liable for attempted battery assault because he threatened Jacob with physical harm and ordered him to hand over his belongings under the threat of shooting him. Even though Steven did not physically harm Jacob, his actions and threats indicate an intent to commit battery.
Steven is also liable for assault or placing another in fear of battery. By approaching Jacob from behind, holding up his index finger as if it were a gun, and issuing threats, Steven caused Jacob to fear that he would be physically harmed. This constitutes an assault even without physical contact.
What was built to get around waterfalls
Answer:
Explanation:
Because waterfalls are barriers to navigation , canals are sometimes built to go get around them .
Final answer:
Structures like locks and dams were built to bypass natural waterfalls in rivers to aid navigation and commerce, with the McAlpine Locks and Dam being a notable example. The New York City Waterfalls installation, though not functional, recreated the feel of natural waterfalls in an urban context.
Explanation:
To get around waterfalls, which were obstacles to river traffic and a source of power for industry, structures like locks and dams were constructed. For example, Louisville, Kentucky's McAlpine Locks and Dam is a prime representation of a head of navigation that was built to bypass The Falls of the Ohio. This significant governmental investment allowed boats to continue their journey without needing to stop, unload, or carry their cargo around the falls, which used to be the only option.
The New York City Waterfalls were an artistic installation that emulated the experience of natural waterfalls within an urban setting. However, unlike structures built for industry or transportation, these waterfalls were created for aesthetic and environmental purposes.
According to Elijah Anderson, a "cosmopolitan canopy" is: Group of answer choices a pluralistic space where people come to appreciate one another’s differences and empathize with each other a place that offers a "time-out" from normal life and social relationships an environment where racial and ethnic differences don’t matter a natural evolution of a melting pot society
Answer:
A pluralistic space where people come to appreciate one another’s differences and empathize with each other a place that offers a "time-out" from normal life and social relationships
Explanation:
This could be in the sense of rendering assisstance to an elderly African American who is having difficulties passing through the door of a big market by a White American because he empathized with the woman.
1. Canadian and American legal systems are identical due to the colonization of North
America by Britain.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
The Canadian and American legal system are identical due to the colonization of the North. This could be seen in the sharing of the border between the Americans and the Canadian.
Also, there are other sectors where both countries are identical hence the reason why the share informations together as well as established a trade charter among them inorder to maintain their common interest.
Explanation:
g"Suppose that rather than consider how people make decisions about whether someone poses a threat, you want to study whether people can quickly and accurately identify whether someone who has fallen needs help. Considering the kinds of beliefs that many people in our culture have about who would and would not need help, most people would probably select _____ as the person most likely to need help. a. a fit-looking young adult b. an average-looking middle-aged adult c. an elderly, frail-looking person"
Answer:
c. an elderly, frail-looking person
Explanation:
This is because, human mind has been programmed to seek out the kind of help it renders based on the age of the individual in question irrespective of the country or culture one finds himself or herslf in.
Example, in a bus, someone is going to give up his seat for an elderly, frail looking person than a young adult or middle-aged adult.
Put the political developments involved in a presidential election in chronological order.
1) General Election
2) Primary Election
3) Nomination by party
In a presidential election, the political developments occur in this order: Primary Election, Nomination by Party, then General Election.
Explanation:The political developments in a presidential election follow a specific chronological order. First, candidates take part in the Primary Election. Here, candidates from the same political party vye for the party's nomination. There may be many different primary elections and caucuses in different parts of the country as a part of this process.
Once the primary elections conclude, each political party nominates their candidate. This is known as the Nomination by Party. These individuals will represent the party in the general election.
Finally, the General Election takes place. Voters from across the country vote for one of the nominated candidates. The candidate with the majority electoral votes becomes the president.
Learn more about Presidential Election here:https://brainly.com/question/31534065
#SPJ2
Today, the Meakambut struggle to maintain their nomadic lifestyle in the face of pressure to integrate into other cultures on the island. Write a paragraph describing this challenge and any actions the Meakambut have taken to work with the outside world.
Answers will vary but should include the following concepts:
the Meakumbuts’ love of and loyalty to their nomadic lifestyle, as it is the only way of life they have ever known
the spreading of easily curable diseases, which are bringing the Meakumbut people to the edge of extinction; and the fact that living as nomads, they do not have access to medical care
the letter written to the government by the Meakumbut people as a form of compromise between two very different ways of life
Answer:
The Meakambut have a very small population. So, integration with other cultures could have a large impact on future generations. Communicating with other culture groups could lead to many Meakambut becoming bilingual. But this could also lead to a loss of their language. It is possible that things like trade might limit the ability of the Meakambut to be nomadic. The Meakambut may also adapt some of the food and technology of neighboring communities.
Explanation:
edmentum answer !! so change it up a little :)
HURRY PLEASE! Define poverty and name some of the characteristics that affect poverty.
Answer:
Poverty is the state of being extremley poor. Characteristics of poverty include: hunger, lack of shelter, being sick and unable to visit a doctor, unable to go to school and charcteristics that affect poverty are age, race, and ethnicity.
Does increasing the amount of calcium in our diet reduce blood pressure? Examination of a large sample of people revealed a relationship between calcium intake and blood pressure. The relationship was strongest for black men. Such observational studies do not establish causation. Researchers therefore designed a randomized comparative experiment.
Answer:
Hypertension is a serious health problem that increases the risk of heart and kidney disease. Several studies have shown that increased calcium intake identified blood pressure even in individuals within a normal blood pressure range. Increased calcium intake also has beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes, effects that are thought to be mediated also by a reduction in blood pressure. Hypertension has been identified as a major risk factor for mortality, and even small reductions in blood pressure can decrease the occurrence of coronary artery disease, stroke, and death.
Explanation:
This review analyzed information from 16 trials (3048 participants). An increase in calcium intake was found to slightly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure 1.43 mmHg and 0.98 mmHg less, respectively. This effect was greater with calcium doses above 1000 mg / day. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 1.14 mmHg with calcium doses from 1000 to 1500 mg / day and by 2.79 mmHg with calcium doses equal to or greater than 1500 mg / day.
A reduction in blood pressure was observed in men and women and at ages 11 to 82 years, but the reduction was greater in youth. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 2.11 mmHg among people under the age of 35 and by 0.96 mmHg among those aged 35 years and older.
None of the studies reported adverse events. Additional research studies are needed to determine the ideal dosage for supplementation and whether it is more effective and safer as part of the diet or as a supplement.
It seems that all your classes have tests and papers due on the same day. You don’t know how you’re going to get everything done before it’s time to leave for spring break. You tell your friend Sam, and he tells you to speak to his "friend" Mike. Sam declares that "Mike just might have something that will help you out."
You agree, although you aren’t really sure what Sam is referring to. You meet up with Sam’s "friend," and he seems to be bouncing off the walls, talking a mile a minute. He says he can offer you some stuff that will increase your alertness, help you pull a few all-nighters, and even put you in a much better mood. He drops some white powder onto a mirror and divides it into little lines and asks if you would like a sample.
What drug is Mike abusing and offering you?
Answer the following questions:
1. Determine what drug the individual in your case has been using and what led you to believe this.
2. Determine what the subjective effects of the drug are (i.e., what has a person reported feeling after using the drug).
3. Determine what receptors, transporters, or neurotransmitters could be involved and how the drug affects these receptors, transporters, or neurotransmitters.
Answer:
A) The drug been abused by this individual is cocaine. Cocaine has been show to be powdery in nature with a distinctive white color.
B) The effects reported after use includes:
Feelings of euphoria.
Increased energy.
Inflated self-esteem.
Elevated mood.
Temporarily decreases the need for sleep.
Suppression of appetite.
Cocaine use may also bring about:
Feelings of restlessness.
Irritability and anxiety.
Panic.
Paranoia.
Etc.
C) Cocaine acts by blocking the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. By binding to the transporters that normally remove the excess of these neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap, cocaine prevents them from being reabsorbed by the neurons that released them and thus increases their concentration in the synapses. Due to this, the natural effect of dopamine on the post-synaptic neurons is amplified. The group of neurons thus modified produces much more dependency (from dopamine), feelings of confidence (from serotonin), and energy (from norepinephrine) typically experienced by people who take cocaine.
In addition, because the norepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus project their axons into all the main structures of the forebrain, the powerful overall effect of cocaine can be readily understood.
In chronic cocaine consumers, the brain comes to rely on this exogenous drug to maintain the high degree of pleasure associated with the artificially elevated levels of some neurotransmitters in its reward circuits. The postsynaptic membrane can even adapt so much to these high dopamine levels that it actually manufactures new receptors. The resulting increased sensitivity produces depression and cravings if cocaine consumption ceases and dopamine levels return to normal.
Dependency on cocaine is thus closely related to its effect on the neurons of the reward circuit.