Which of the following statements best describes the characteristic of the restoring force in the spring-mass system described in the introduction?The restoring force is constant.The restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement of the block.The restoring force is proportional to the mass of the block.The restoring force is maximum when the block is in the equilibrium position.

Heat is energy in transit, that is, transfer of (thermal) energy from one body or system to another.

In other words, when you have two bodies with different temperatures and thermal energy is transferred from one body to another, implying a high speed and kinetic energy in the particles involved, we are talking about heat.

When both bodies or the complete system reaches the thermal equilibrium (they are at the same temperature) the process is over and there is no heat.

The answer is:

The correct option is:

C. [tex]4.5x10^{3}N[/tex]

To calculate the force exerted by the pump, we must remember the formula to calculate power, also, we must remember that power means work done in a determined period of time.

We have that power can be calculated by the following equation:

[tex]Power(W)=F*V=N.\frac{m}{s}=\frac{N.m}{s}=1Watt[/tex]

So, we are given the following information:

[tex]Power=3.4x10^{2}W=340W=340\frac{N.m}{s}\\\\V=\frac{7.5x^{-2}m }{s}=\frac{0.075m}{s}[/tex]

Now, substituting and calculating we have:

[tex]Power(W)=F*V[/tex]

[tex]340\frac{N.m}{s}=F*\frac{0.075m}{s}[/tex]

[tex]F=\frac{340\frac{N.m}{s}}{\frac{0.075m}{s}}=4,533N=4.5x10^{3}N[/tex]

Hence, the correct option is:

C. [tex]4.5x10^{3}N[/tex]

Have a nice day!

Answer:

C.  4.5 × 103 newtons on Plato

A) m = 4

We can solve the problem by using Rydberg equation:

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_H (\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{m^2})[/tex]

where

[tex]R_H = 1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1}[/tex] is the Rydberg constant for hydrogen

n is the principal quantum number of the upper energy level

m is the principal quantum number of the lower energy level

For the first wavelength, we have

[tex]\lambda=97.26 nm = 97.26\cdot 10^{-9} m[/tex]

Substituting into the equation, we find

[tex]\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{m^2}=\frac{1}{\lambda R_H}=\frac{1}{(97.26\cdot 10^{-9} m)(1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1})}=0.9373[/tex])

By setting n=1, we obtain the Lyman series which goes from 121.6 nm (for m=2) to 91.18 nm (for [tex]m=\infty[/tex]). So our line of 97.26 nm must be in this series.

By setting n=1, we find m:

[tex]\frac{1}{m^2}=\frac{1}{n^2}-0.9373=\frac{1}{1^2}-0.9373=0.0627\\m=\frac{1}{\sqrt{0.0627}}=4[/tex]

B) n = 1

n can be found by thinking about the limit of the different series.

Larger n corresponds to larger wavelengths; for each n, m goes from (n+1) to [tex]\infty[/tex], and the shortest wavelength of each series is the one corresponding to [tex]m=\infty[/tex].

If we put n = 2, and [tex]m=\infty[/tex], we find the shortest wavelength of the n=2 series:

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_H (\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{m^2})=(1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1})(\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{\infty})=\frac{1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1}}{4}=2.74\cdot 10^6 m^{-1}\\\lambda=\frac{1}{2.74\cdot 10^6 m^{-1}}=3.64\cdot 10^{-7} m = 364 nm[/tex]

which is longer than our line at 97.26 nm, so n must be smaller than 2, which means n=1.

C) m = 5

Similarly to what we did in part A), here we have a wavelength of

[tex]\lambda=1282 nm = 1282\cdot 10^{-9} m[/tex]

Substituting into the Rydberg equation, we find

[tex]\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{m^2}=\frac{1}{\lambda R_H}=\frac{1}{(1282\cdot 10^{-9} m)(1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1})}=0.0711[/tex])

By setting n=3, we obtain the Paschen series which goes from 1875 nm (for m=4) to 820.4 nm (for [tex]m=\infty[/tex]). So our line of 1282 nm must be in this series.

By setting n=3, we find m:

[tex]\frac{1}{m^2}=\frac{1}{n^2}-0.0711=\frac{1}{3^2}-0.0711=0.04001\\m=\frac{1}{\sqrt{0.04001}}=5[/tex]

D) n = 3

Similarly to what we did in part B), if we put n = 4, and [tex]m=\infty[/tex], we find the shortest wavelength of the n=4 series:

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_H (\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{m^2})=(1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1})(\frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{\infty})=\frac{1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1}}{16}=6.856\cdot 10^5 m^{-1}\\\lambda=\frac{1}{6.856\cdot 10^5 m^{-1}}=1.458\cdot 10^{-6} m = 1458 nm[/tex]

which is longer than our line at 1282 nm, so n must be smaller than 4. Indeed, if we try with n=3, we find:

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_H (\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{m^2})=(1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1})(\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{\infty})=\frac{1.097\cdot 10^7 m^{-1}}{9}=1.219\cdot 10^6 m^{-1}\\\lambda=\frac{1}{1.219\cdot 10^6 m^{-1}}=8.204\cdot 10^{-7} m = 820.4 nm[/tex]

So, our line is contained in the n=3 series.

E) Ultraviolet

We can answer this question by looking at the different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. In fact, we have:

Ultraviolet: 380 nm - 1 nm

Visible: 750 nm - 380 nm

Infrared: 1 mm - 750 nm

Our wavelength here is

97.26 nm

So, we see it is included in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. In fact, all lines in the Lyman series (n=1) lie in the ultraviolet ragion.

F) Infrared

Again, the electromagnetic spectrum is:

Ultraviolet: 380 nm - 1 nm

Visible: 750 nm - 380 nm

Infrared: 1 mm - 750 nm

Our wavelength here is

1282 nm

So, we see it is included in the infrared part of the spectrum. In fact, all lines in the Paschen series (n=3) lie in the infrared band.

The wavelength 97.26 nm represents ultraviolet light, with m=1 and n=2, while the wavelength 1282 nm represents infrared light, with m=3 and n=4. These conclusions are derived from the Balmer-Rydberg equation where m and n are quantum states.

The wavelengths emitted by a hydrogen atom are determined by the energy difference between quantum states, which are indicated by the values of m and n. For hydrogen, the series corresponding to an m value of 1 is in the ultraviolet spectrum, while the series corresponding to an m value of 3 is in the infrared spectrum.

Part A and B: The wavelength 97.26 nm belongs to the Lyman series (where m=1) and in it, the n value is 2 for this wavelength. Therefore by the Balmer-Rydberg equation, this presents ultraviolet light since it falls into 10nm to 400nm range which represents the ultraviolet spectrum.

Part C and D: The wavelength 1282 nm corresponds to the Paschen series (where m=3) and the n value is 4, thus resulting in an infrared light since it falls over 700 nm which represents the infrared spectrum.

Part E and F: Summarily, The 97.26 nm wavelength represents ultraviolet light while the 1282 nm wavelength represents infrared light.

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Answer:

The electrons that are available to form bonds are known as valence electrons.

Explanation:

The question is about calculating the efficiency of an automobile engine given its fuel consumption rate, power output, fuel heating value, and fuel density. The efficiency of the engine was determined to be roughly 25.5 percent through a step-by-step calculation involving several unit conversions.

The efficiency of an engine can be calculated using the formula: Eff = W/Qh, where W signifies the work output and Qh indicates the heat input to the engine. To calculate the efficiency of the automobile engine given in the problem, we first need to convert the power from kw to kj/s, fuel rate from l/h to kg/s and then find the heat input using the heating value of the fuel.

Thus, the efficiency of this engine is approximately 25.5 percent.

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The efficiency of the engine, calculated as the output power divided by the input power, is 25.6%.

To calculate the efficiency of the engine, we first have to determine the energy input and output.

The output is given directly as 55 kW.

For the input, we use the heat content and flow rate of the fuel.

The fuel consumption is 22 l/h, with a density of 0.8 g/cm³, which equals 17600 g/h.

The energy input, therefore, is 44,000 kJ/kg x 17.6 kg/h = 774400 kJ/h = 215 kWh.

Efficiency is defined as the output divided by the input, so in this case, the engine efficiency is

55 kW / 215 kW = 0.256, or 25.6% when expressed as a percentage.

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Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

a) W = 875 N

b) Fx = 300 N (right direction = positive)

c) Fp = ?

d) μs = 0.56

e) μk = 0.47

2) Physical principles and formulae:

a) For sliding, Fp ≥ μs × N, where Fp = μs × N is the magnitud of the minimum force need to exert on the crate to make it start sliding

3) Solution:

a) Free body diagram

The balance of the vertical forces implies that the normal force (N) equals the weight (W) of the crate:

b) Fp = μs × N = 0.56 × 875 N = 490 N ← answer

Remarks:

To calculate the minimum force required to make the crate slide, we multiply the coefficient of static friction by the normal force, yielding about 490 N as the minimum required force required to overcome friction and start moving the crate.

The subject of this question is the concept of friction in physics. Specifically, we're looking at how much force is required to overcome static friction and start the motion of a crate on a concrete floor. The static friction force can be determined by multiplying the coefficient of static friction (0.56) with the normal force, which in this case is the weight of the crate (875 N). Therefore, the static friction force would be 0.56 * 875 N = 490 N. This is the force that must be overcome to start sliding the crate. Since the applied force of 300 N is not enough to overcome this friction, the minimum force you need to exert on the crate to start it sliding is about 490 N.

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A meteor is the flash of light that we see in the night sky when a small chunk of interplanetary debris burns up as it passes through our atmosphere. "Meteor" refers to the flash of light caused by the debris, not the debris itself.

If any part of a meteoroid survives the fall through the atmosphere and lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite.

When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere at high speed and burn up, or “shooting stars” are known as meteors. When a meteoroid survives a through the atmosphere and hits the ground, it's known as a meteorite.

Two asteroids collide with each other, and their pieces from asteroids after the collision is called a meteorite.

When a meteorite hits the earth’s atmosphere at a high velocity, which makes a fireball. Therefore, shooting stars are meteors and are different types of meteors, according to their sizes and brightness.

Earth grazer's meteors streak close to the horizon. Fireballs are bright and more long-lasting than earth grazers. Meteors do not land while meteorites land on the surface of the earth.

Meteoroids break down in the atmosphere as a flash of light known as meteors. Meteorites can be described as broken meteoroids that land on the earth.

Learn more about meteors and meteorites, here:

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Answer:

Make the angle of reflection and the angle of incidence equal.

Explanation:

The law of reflection states that at the point of incidence on a smooth surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle  of reflection, The incident ray, the normal and the reflected ray lie on the same plane.

Answer:

B.  Make the angle of reflection and the angle of incidence equal

Explanation:

Exposing a crystal of a semiconductor to heat or light starts displacing valence electrons, which then move throughout the crystal is true of semiconductors. Correct option is A.

This statement is true. Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity that is between that of conductors (such as metals) and insulators (such as rubber or wood). When a semiconductor crystal is exposed to heat or light, it can release or promote electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, creating charge carriers (free electrons and holes). These charge carriers are essential for the operation of semiconductor devices like diodes and transistors, which form the basis of modern electronics.

To know more about semiconductor:

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Answer:

53.4 m/s

Explanation:

For a standing wave on a string, the fundamental frequency is given by

[tex]f=\frac{v}{2L}[/tex]

where

v is the wave speed

f is the frequency

L is the length of the string

For the wave on the guitar string in this problem, we have

[tex]f=30 Hz[/tex] is the fundamental frequency

L = 89 cm = 0.89 m is the length of the string

Solving the equation for v, we find the wave speed:

[tex]v=2Lf=2(0.89 m)(30 Hz)=53.4 m/s[/tex]

The wave speed on the 89 cm bass guitar string with a fundamental frequency of 30 Hz is 53.4 m/s.

The subject in question pertains to wave speed on a string, specifically a bass guitar string. This is a physics problem related to the concept of wave motion. To calculate wave speed, we use the formula v = fλ, where v is wave speed, f is the fundamental frequency, and λ is the wavelength. Given that the length of the string equals half the wavelength (λ = 2L for a string fixed at both ends), the wavelength (λ) for the bass guitar string would be 2 × 89 cm = 178 cm or 1.78 m.

Substituting the known values (f = 30 Hz and λ = 1.78 m) into the formula, we obtain v = 30 Hz × 1.78 m = 53.4 m/s.

Therefore, the wave speed on this bass guitar string is 53.4 m/s.

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Answer:

C. It speeds up, and the angle increases

Explanation:

We can answer by using the Snell's law:

[tex]n_i sin \theta_i = n_r sin \theta_r[/tex]

where

[tex]n_i, n_r[/tex] are the refractive index of the first and second medium

[tex]\theta_i[/tex] is the angle of incidence (measured between the incident ray and the normal to the surface)

[tex]\theta_r[/tex] is the angle of refraction (measured between the refracted ray and the normal to the surface)

In this problem, light moves into a medium that has lower index of refraction, so

[tex]n_r < n_i[/tex]

We can rewrite Snell's law as

[tex]sin \theta_r =\frac{n_i}{n_r}sin \theta_i[/tex]

and since

[tex]\frac{n_i}{n_r}>1[/tex]

this means that

[tex]sin \theta_r > sin \theta_i[/tex]

which implies

[tex]\theta_r > \theta_i[/tex]

so, the angle increases.

Also, the speed of light in a medium is given by

[tex]v=\frac{c}{n}[/tex]

where c is the speed of light and v the refractive index: we see that the speed is inversely proportional to n, therefore the lower the index of refraction, the higher the speed. So, in this problem, the light will speed up, since it moves into a medium with lower index of refraction.

A voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the voltage across a component in an electric circuit, and it must be connected in parallel with the component. It operates on the principles of Ohm's law and contains a high-value internal resistor to measure the voltage accurately without significantly influencing the current in the circuit.

A voltmeter is a device specifically designed to measure the voltage across a resistor or any two points in a circuit. When using a voltmeter, it's important to connect it in parallel with the component whose voltage you want to measure. This is to ensure that it measures the full voltage and that its high internal resistance does not significantly alter the current in the circuit. Voltmeters can come in analog form, where a needle moves across a scale, or as a digital voltmeter, which provides a numeric display.

The internal workings of a voltmeter involve it being similar to an ammeter, but with an additional high-value resistor. According to Ohm's law, the current through a resistor is directly proportional to the voltage across it. Hence, the voltmeter can be calibrated to measure volts based on the known value of the internal resistor.

Answer:

[tex]R' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}R[/tex]

Explanation:

The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is given by:

[tex]g=\frac{GM}{R^2}[/tex]

where

G is the gravitational constant

M is the mass of the Earth

R is the radius of the Earth

Here we want to find the new Earth radius R' for which the gravitational acceleration at the surface, g', would be 3 times the current value of g:

[tex]g' = 3g[/tex]

So we would have

[tex]\frac{GM}{R'^2}=3(\frac{GM}{R^2})[/tex]

Solving the equation for R', we find

[tex]R'^2 = \frac{1}{3}R^2\\R' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}R[/tex]

The fraction of the Earth's current radius at which the free-fall acceleration at the surface would be three times its present value is √3/3.

To find the fraction of its current radius at which the free-fall acceleration at the surface of the Earth would be three times its present value, we need to understand the relationship between the radius and gravitational force. The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the radius. Therefore, if we shrink the Earth's radius to a fraction x, the gravitational force would increase by a factor of (1/x^2).

Let's set up an equation using this relationship:

3 * present acceleration = (1/x^2) * present acceleration

Simplifying the equation, we get:

x^2 = 1/3

Taking the square root of both sides, we find:

x = √(1/3) = 1/√3 = 1/√3 * √3/√3 = √3/3

Therefore, the fraction of the Earth's current radius at which the free-fall acceleration at the surface would be three times its present value is √3/3.

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Only 12 lb and 1600 kN .

Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts when circulating through our body (if it is considered as a fluid) on the internal walls of veins, blood vessels and especially the arteries.

In this sense, arteries are the "conduits" that carry blood from the heart to various parts of the body, analogous to the water flow in the pipes of a house. So, each time a person's heart beats, it pumps blood to the arteries and from there it is distributed throughout the body.

Now, this blood pressure is divided into two terms:

Systolic pressure: When the heart is pumping blood and the force exerted on the arteries is high.

Diastolic pressure: When the heart is at rest (between heartbeats) and the pressure in the arterial walls is low.

Another important factor in blood pressure is the extent to which the arteries exert resistance to the circulation of the blood flow, depending on how narrow or wide they are and the amount of blood that passes through them.  

In other words, this pressure is determined by two main aspects:

-The amount of blood pumped and the force it exerts on the arteries.

-The size and flexibility of these arteries.

Finally, it is important to note this process is a basic part of life and is one of the main vital signs when testing the health status of a person.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

There are several geologic evidences that points to the fact that the earth has undergone different episodes of erosion and mountain building.

These evidences are the key to James Hutton's proposition of the "law of Uniformitarianism". The law which states that " the present is the key to the past and geologic processes that are occurring today have occured in the times past".

Evidences of erosion can be found mostly in sedimentary rock layers. Some of them occur as time gaps/lapses within rock units and they are called unconformity surfaces. Sometimes we can see them as erosional features in sedimentary beds.

Evidences of mountain building can be found in different Orogenic cycles terranes have been placed into. The earth is a dynamic planet and the internal heat engine combines with surface forces to move rocks through different types. Some areas believed to have been raised continental platforms are now stable cratons and shields. Dating rocks from such terrane would reveal several episodes of deformation which corresponds to mountain building cycles..

Answer:

the speed of light in glass is 1.52 times smaller than in a vacuum

Explanation:

The speed of light in a medium is given by:

[tex]v=\frac{c}{n}[/tex]

where

c is the speed of light in a vacuum

n is the refractive index of the medium, which is a number always greater than 1.0

From the formula, we see therefore that when light enters a medium, its speed decreases.

In particular, for glass the index of refraction is

n = 1.52

Therefore, this means that the speed of light in glass is 1.52 times smaller than in a vacuum.

1) 26.2 m/s

The mechanical energy of the divers at any point of their vertical motion is sum of the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy:

[tex]E=K+U = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + mgh[/tex]

where

m is the mass of the diver

v is the speed

g = 9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration due to gravity

h is the height above the water

When the diver is on the cliff, v = 0 (he is at rest), so K=0 and the initial mechanical energy is just potential energy:

[tex]E_i = mgh[/tex]

where h=35 m is the height of the cliff.

When the diver hits the water above, h = 0, so U=0 and the final mechanical energy is just kinetic energy:

[tex]E_f = \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

since the total mechanical energy is conserved, we have

[tex]E_i = E_f\\mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

And solving the equation for v, we find the speed when they reach the surface of the water:

[tex]v=\sqrt{2gh}=\sqrt{2(9.8 m/s^2)(35 m)}=26.2 m/s[/tex]

2) It is converted into thermal energy of the water

When the diver enters the water, he suddenly feels another force acting against the motion of the diver: the resistance of the water. The resistance of the water acts upward, slowing down the diver until he stops.

In this process, the speed of the diver (v) decreases, and therefore the kinetic energy of the diver decreases as well, until it becomes zero.

However, this does not mean that the conservation of energy has been violated. In fact, the kinetic energy of the diver has been converted into thermal energy of the molecules of water surrounding the diver.

Answer:

247 kJ/mol

Explanation:

Zn(s) + 2HBr(aq) → ZnBr₂(aq) + H₂(g)

First, we need to find the limiting reactant.  And to do that, we need to find the amount of moles of each reactant.

2.50 g Zn * (1 mol / 65.38 g) = 0.03824 mol Zn

0.1000 L * 2.00 mol/L = 0.200 mol HBr

Since 1 mol of Zn reacts with 2 mol of HBr, it is clear that Zn is the limiting reactant.

The amount of heat can be calculated as:

q = (448 J/K) * (21.1 K)

q = 9452.8 J

So the standard enthalpy of reaction is:

ΔH = (9452.8 J) / (0.03824 mol Zn)

ΔH = 247 kJ/mol

Answer:

Oppositely charged particles attract each other, while like particles repel one another. Electrons are kept in the orbit around the nucleus by the electromagnetic force, because the nucleus in the center of the atom is positively charged and attracts the negatively charged electrons.

Explanation:

Answer:

There are three kinds of forces within the atom:

      i) Electromagnetic force of attraction between the electrons and protons  

      ii) Electromagnetic force of repulsion between the protons or weak nuclear force  

      iii) Strong nuclear force between the electrons and protons

Explanation:

Electromagnetic force of attraction:

Electrons revolve in the orbits outside the nucleus. There exists an electromagnetic force of attraction between the electrons and protons. That’s why, electrons do not leave the atom.

Weak nuclear force:

It is an electromagnetic force of repulsion between the protons in the nucleus of the atoms.

Strong nuclear force:

This force is strongest from all the fundamentals forces and exists between the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of atom. This force overcomes the weak nuclear force and does not allow protons to stray away.  

Breathing is called respiration.

Answer:

respiration

Explanation:

The change in electrical potential energy can be calculated using the equation EPE = q x ΔV, where q is the charge of the particle and ΔV is the potential difference. Plugging in the given values, we find that the change in electrical potential energy is 13.50 elementary charge volts.

The change in electrical potential energy of a particle can be calculated using the equation:

EPE = q × ΔV

Where:

Plugging in the given values: q = 3.00 elementary charges and ΔV = 4.50 volts, we can calculate the change in electrical potential energy.

EPE = 3.00 × 4.50 = 13.50 elementary charge volts

Answer:

Gay Lussac law

Explanation:

Gay Lussac law states that for a gas kept at constant volume (so, in a rigid container), the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

In mathematical formula:

[tex]\frac{p}{T}=k[/tex]

where

p is the gas pressure

T is the absolute temperature

According to this law, we see therefore that if the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled:

T' = 2T

The pressure will also double:

[tex]\frac{p}{T}=\frac{p'}{T'}\\p' = p \frac{T'}{T}=p\frac{2T}{T}=2p[/tex]

Answer:

Gay-Lussac’s law

Explanation:

This is the correct answer on Edge.

Answer:

10 kg m/s

Explanation:

According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum before the collision must be equal to the total momentum after the collision. So, we can simply calculate the total momentum before the collision.

The two balls are moving in perpendicular directions - one eastward and one northward. If we take eastward as positive x-direction and northward as positive y-direction, this means that we can find the magnitude of the total momentum by simply using Pythagorean theorem.

The magnitude of the momentum of the ball travelling eastward is:

[tex]p_1 = m_1 v_1 = (2.0 kg)(3.0 m/s)=6.0 kg m/s[/tex]

The magnitude of the momentum of the ball travelling northward is:

[tex]p_2 = m_2 v_2 = (4.0 kg)(2.0 m/s)=8.0 kg m/s[/tex]

So the magnitude of the total momentum is:

[tex]p=\sqrt{p_1^2 +p_2^2}=\sqrt{(6.0)^2+(8.0)^2}=10kg m/s[/tex]

Answer: [tex]4.1602(10)^{21} W[/tex]

Explanation:

The Stefan-Boltzmann law establishes that a black body (an ideal body that absorbs or emits all the radiation that incides on it) "emits thermal radiation with a total hemispheric emissive power proportional to the fourth power of its temperature":

[tex]P=\sigma A T^{4}[/tex]   (1)

Where:

[tex]P[/tex] is the energy radiated by a blackbody radiator per second, per unit area (in Watts). Knowing [tex]1W=\frac{1Joule}{second}=1\frac{J}{s}[/tex]

[tex]\sigma=5.6703(10)^{-18}\frac{W}{m^{2} K^{4}}[/tex] is the Stefan-Boltzmann's constant.

[tex]A[/tex] is the Surface of the body

[tex]T=12000K[/tex] is the effective temperature of the body (its surface absolute temperature) in Kelvin .

However, there is no ideal black body (ideal radiator) although the radiation of stars like our Sun is quite close.

Therefore, for the case of the star Rigel, we will use the Stefan-Boltzmann law for real radiator bodies:

[tex]P=\sigma A \epsilon T^{4}[/tex]  (2)

Where [tex]\epsilon=0.955[/tex] is the star's emissivity

Now, firstly we need to find [tex]A[/tex], in the case of Rigel, its surface area can be approximated to a sphere, so:

[tex]A_{Rigel}=4 \pi r^{2}[/tex]   (3)

[tex]A_{Rigel}=4 \pi (5.43(10)^{10}m)^{2}[/tex]

[tex]A_{Rigel}=3.705(10)^{22}m^{2}[/tex]   (4)

Knowing this value, let's substitute it in (2):

[tex]P=(5.6703(10)^{-18}\frac{W}{m^{2} K^{4}})(3.705(10)^{22}m^{2})(0.955)(12000K)^{4}[/tex]  (5)

[tex]P=4.1602(10)^{21}W[/tex]  (6)   This is the total energy radiated by Rigel each second.

To determine the total energy radiated by the star Rigel each second, we can use the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Given the temperature, radius, and emissivity of Rigel, we can calculate the surface area and use it to find the power radiated by the star.

To determine the total energy radiated by the star Rigel each second, we can use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that the power radiated by a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its temperature. The equation is given by:

Power = εσAT⁴

Where ε is the emissivity, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, A is the surface area of the star, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

For Rigel, given its temperature (12,000 K), radius (5.43 × 10¹⁰ m), and emissivity (0.955), we can calculate the surface area:

A = 4πr²

A = 4π(5.43 × 10¹⁰)²

The power radiated by Rigel each second is:

Power = (0.955)(5.67 × 10⁻⁸)(4π(5.43 × 10¹⁰)²)(12,000⁴)

Calculate the power to get the answer.

Answer: More than 48 tons of debris falls into Earth’s atmosphere every day and asteroid impacts have literally shaped Earth resulting craters from large objects crashing into the crust. Upon impact, vaporized dirt and rock would fill the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and causing winter like conditions

Explanation:

Final answer:

Comets, asteroids, and meteorites influence life on Earth through global catastrophes, the formation of essential elements, and the shielding effect of large outer planets.

Explanation:

Comets, asteroids, and meteorites influence life on Earth in several ways. Firstly, the impacts of comets and asteroids can cause global catastrophes, leading to the extinction of species and significant changes in the evolution of life on the planet. These impacts release large amounts of energy, change the climate, and create widespread destruction.

Additionally, the debris from comets and asteroids, such as dust and organic compounds, can contribute to the formation of life on Earth by providing essential elements like water and organic materials. Moreover, the gravitational fields of large outer planets in our solar system can help shield Earth from more frequent and larger impacts. Therefore, comets, asteroids, and meteorites play a crucial role in shaping and influencing life on Earth.

a. The resistance will increase

b. The current will decrease

c. The voltage through each bulb will

Explanation:

a. For a series of resistors, the equivalent resistance is given by

[tex]R=R_1+R_2+...+R_n[/tex]

so, we see that adding more resistors in series, will increase the total resistance.

b. In a series circuit, the current through each bulb is the same for each bulb, and it is equal to the current flowing in the circuit, which is given by Ohm's law

[tex]I=\frac{V}{R}[/tex]

where V is the voltage supplied by the battery and R the total resistance of the circuit. Since the voltage provided by the battery, V, does not change, while the total resistance R increases, the current I will increase.

c. The voltage through each bulb is given by

[tex]V=R_i I[/tex]

where R_i is the resistance of the individual resistor and I is the current. Since the value of R_i does not change, while I (the current) has decreased, the voltage available to each bulb, V, will decrease.

Answer:

c)While the amount of neutrinos passing through the Earth does not change much, there is something that changes to you at night. You stop moving and sleep for several hours.  

Think of Neutrinos like rain. During the day you can avoid rain, and run from one dry spot to another(like from a car to a house). At night, however, your asleep, so the rain will hit you for eight hours(if your sleeping outside with no tent for some reason).

Answer:

Sample Response: How does the number of radioactive atoms change over time?

Explanation:

In a lab experiment on radioactive decay, a fitting scientific question could be 'What is the half-life of the given radioactive isotope?' This can be determined through the simulation by measuring the time it takes for half of the simulated atoms to decay.

In this lab experiment revolving around the concept of radioactive decay, an appropriate scientific question could be: 'What is the half-life of the given radioactive isotope?' This question seeks to learn the amount of time it takes for half of an isotope's atoms to decay. During your radioactive decay simulation, you'll be able to measure this by observing how long it takes for half of your simulated atoms to decay.

Using the simulation, one can record the time at regular intervals and count the remaining isotopes. By plotting this data on a graph with time on the x-axis and the number of remaining isotopes on the y-axis, we can see a decay curve form due to the nature of radioactive decay. The half-life is found at the point where half of the isotopes remain.

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Statements  A,  B,  and  C  are true.

Statement D  is false.

The false statement is that iron filings will be clustered more densely where the magnetic field is weakest. In reality, the filings align more closely where the field is strongest. So the correct option is D.

The false statement about iron filings placed upon glass resting on top of a bar magnet is that the filings will be clustered more densely where the field is weakest. To address the given statements:

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