which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? A. used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste. B. ATP consists of ribose, adenine and phosphate. C. ADP forms when ATP releases energy. D. ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells.

A carbon can form bond with itself easily as it have four valence electrons. The correct option is B.

Valence electrons are electrons in an atom's uppermost shell, or energy level. For illustration, oxygen has 6 valence electrons, two of which are in the 2s subshell but also four of which are in the 2p subshell.

Valence electrons are significant because they govern how an atom reacts. One can determine how many electrons occupy the highest energy level by writing an electron configuration.

The electron configuration of an atom can be used to calculate the number of valence electrons present.

Valence electrons are found in orbitals associated with the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

Because each carbon atom is identical, it has four valence electrons and can easily bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains or rings.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Protease is the enzyme that breaks down polypeptides in the small intestine. It splits proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids, which are essential for various body functions such as muscle repair, immune response and hormone synthesis.

The substance that breaks down polypeptides in the small intestine is called protease. Protease is a type of enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids. This is crucial because our bodies can't use proteins directly. Protease essentially chops up the proteins from our food into usable units, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and utilised by various cells in our body for different functions.

For example, some of these amino acids serve as the building blocks needed for muscle repair and growth, while others help with functions like immune response and hormone synthesis. Therefore, these enzymes play a key role in digestion and overall health.

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Biodiversity is greatest in the tropics, with a higher number of endemic species and more biodiversity hotspots. However, our knowledge of these species is low and the potential for biodiversity loss is high due to human activity.

Regardless of the mechanisms, it is certainly true that biodiversity is greatest in the tropics. The number of endemic species is higher in the tropics. The tropics also contain more biodiversity hotspots. At the same time, our knowledge of the species living in the tropics is lowest and because of recent, heavy human activity the potential for biodiversity loss is greatest.

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Which phrase best describes Earth’s biodiversity?

a. greater according to energy needs

b. greater toward Earth’s poles

c. greater in consistently warm areas

d. greater where temperatures are most variable

The cell wall made up of cellulose is the cell structure which is responsible for giving the cell its angular shape. This is the outermost layer of plant cell which is impermeable in nature. Thus, the correct option is B.

The cell wall in the plant cell is what gives the plant cells their specific shape. The cell wall, should not to be confused with the cell membrane. Cell wall is a rigid structure which is made up of long cellulose fibers, branching hemicellulose fibers, and pectin molecules. The fluid pressure inside the plant cell also contributes to the shape and structure of plant cell.

Animal cells have the outermost layer of cell membrane or plasma membrane whereas plant cells have the rigid outermost layer i.e., cell wall. This is the reason for angular shape of plant cell.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

All living things are made of one or more cells. Here are two types of cells: an animal cell and a plant cell. The plant cell is angular compared to the animal cell. What plant cell structure gives the cell its angular shape?

A) vacuole

B) cell wall

C) chloroplast

D) plasma membrane

An elderly client experiencing decreased cardiac output and contraction strength may complain of symptoms including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, swelling, increased heart rate, and chest discomfort.

An elderly client with reduced cardiac output and contraction strength may experience dizziness or lightheadedness, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath (especially during exertion), edoema (swelling of the ankles, feet, or abdomen), and tachycardia (an elevated heart rate).

Additionally, they could feel pain or discomfort in their chest, especially when they exercise or lie flat (orthopnea). These symptoms may point to diminished cardiac function, which may be brought on by illnesses including heart failure, myocardial infarction (heart attack), or other aging-related cardiovascular diseases.

It is D  

Break down food

The difference between carbohydrates and lipid is that carbohydrates can dissolve in water but lipids cannot.

Further Explanation:

Carbohydrate are biomolecules, contain mainly three atom hydrogen,carbon and oxygen. These are polar molecule which has polar hydroxyl group and makes a hydrogen bond with water.

Carbohydrates mainly of four type-

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides

• Oligosaccharides

Functions of carbohydrates

• Major source of energy

• Store glycogen for fasting

• Water-soluble

• Necessary for proper function of CNS

• Help in the oxidation of fat

Lipids are biomolecule, they also contain three atom carbon(C) hydrogen(H) oxygen(O) linked to glycerol.These are the long sequence of carbon to carbon with hydrogen bonds.Number of hydrogen is low and carbon number is high. Electronegativity between carbon and oxygen is high.Thus, they form lipid a non-polar long chain and they are insoluble in water.

Types of Lipids

• Simple

i. Wax

ii. Oil  

iii. Fats

• Complex

i. Glycolipid

ii. Phospholipid

iii. Proteolipids

Function of Lipid

• Store energy

• Precursor for many hormones

• Metabolic fuel

• Part of the cell membrane  

• Help in digestion.

Thus, carbohydrates are polar molecule and soluble in water. Lipids are non-polar molecule which is insoluble in water.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about fatty acid: https://brainly.com/question/1386856

2. Learn more about carbohydrate monomer https://brainly.com/question/6947177

3. Learn more about peptide bond https://brainly.com/question/4657391

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Biomolecules

Keywords:

Monomer,carbohydrates,lipid,water,soluble,wax,phospholipids,simple,complex,fattyacid, Monosaccharides,Disaccharides,Polysaccharides,Oligosaccharides,carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,oil,fats,glycolipis,proteolipids.

Base excision repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.

Base excision repair (BER) in biochemistry and genetics refers to the cellular mechanism during the cell cycle that repair damaged DNA and it is mainly responsible for removing small, non-helix-distorting base lesions from the genome.

Mismatch repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.

Mismatch repair takes place immediately after the completion of the DNA synthesis and its job is to detect, remove and replace small insertions that were undetected during proofreading.

The enzymes that are responsible for the creation of DNA in cells are known as DNA polymerase. When DNA replication takes place, the DNA polymerase can check to know which bases are added. The DNA polymerase can discover if bases are impaired. This process is what is called Proofreading.

During DNA synthesis, the DNA polymerase can discover incorrect nucleotides and replace them accordingly before the continuation of the DNA replication.

Although many errors that occur during DNA synthesis are corrected by the polymerase, some errors can still go on undetected.  However, some of these insertions can be detected and corrected through mismatch repair.

Mismatch repair is the process that involves detecting and corrections of erroneous insertion that can occur after DNA replication. DNA mismatch repair can as well detect and repair damages to the DNA after New DNA has been created. The major function of the Mismatch repair is to detect, removed and replaced bases that are mispaired.

Therefore, Mismatch repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.

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The correct answer is option 3) The meristem region.

Mitosis is the process of cell division, and meristematic tissues are regions in plants where active cell division occurs, leading to growth and development.

The incorrect options are:

1) Growth rings: Growth rings are formed by the activity of the cambium, which is a type of meristem. However, the cells in the growth rings are typically not actively dividing by mitosis but are rather undergoing differentiation and maturation.

2) Sapwood: Sapwood is the outer, younger part of the tree trunk that contains living cells involved in water transport. While sapwood may contain some meristematic activity in the cambium layer, the primary function of sapwood is transport rather than active cell division.

4)Heartwood: Heartwood is the inner, older part of the tree trunk that no longer contains living cells. As a result, there is no active cell division, including mitosis, occurring in the heartwood.

The correct question is :

In which region of the plant are you most likely to find cells dividing by mitosis?

1) The growth rings

2) The sapwood

3) The meristem region

4) The heartwood

The right option is; B) the shells of diatoms (single-celled algae) and radiolarians (single-celled animals)

Siliceous ooze are pelagic deposits that can be found on the deep ocean floor. Siliceous oozes are mainly made up of the silica based shells of microscopic marine organisms such as diatoms and radiolarians. Other constituent of siliceous oozes close to continental margins (the offshore zone) may include sponge spicules and silica particles from land.

Agriculture ensures a lasting food supply for a growing population, and sustainable practices are crucial as the demand for food increases with the population projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Efficient and equitable food distribution can address global hunger despite environmental challenges and the reliance on fossil fuels in current agricultural systems.

Agriculture is important to the world because it ensures a lasting food supply for the growing population. The challenge is to increase agricultural productivity sustainably, as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) predicts the global population will grow to 9.7 billion by 2050. Given that agriculture consumes half of the world's habitable land and over 70 percent of freshwater withdrawals, it's critical to adopt practices that reduce the environmental footprint.

Current agricultural practices are heavily reliant on nonrenewable fossil fuels, leading to significant emissions of greenhouse gases and pollution. Yet, with adequate distribution, there's enough agricultural capacity to feed everyone. To achieve this in the face of climate change and concentrated food production, we must focus on efficient and equitable distribution of food, reduction of waste and spoilage, and careful management of natural resources.