which of the following is defined as the mass of an atom based on the mass of an atom of carbon-12??
A. Isotope
B. Atomic mass
C. Atomic charge
D. Atomic number

Answer:  D. In the ocean

A watershed can be defined as regions of land where all surface water drains into the same place. It is a land that is occupied with water drained from interconnected  rivers, and lakes.  These drainage streams may aggregate in the ocean.

According to the above information the open watershed system likely to dispense off tritium in the ocean because the open watershed water may flow and combine with other reservoirs of water like ocean.

Answer:

1. losing electrons and forming positive ions

Explanation:

Metals form ions by losing electrons. They do it because they have few electrons in their outermost shells. So rather than accept more electrons, it is much more feasible to lose the few electrons and achieve the octet configuration.

With this alone, we know that options 3 and 4 are incorrect.

When metals lose electrons, the type of ion formed is a positive ion because the total number of protons (positive) would be more than the total number of electrons (negative) present.

For example in Ca²⁺;

Calcium loses 2 electrons. The charge however shows +2. This is because there are 20 protons and 18 electrons in the ion now, so 20 -18 = +2

The correct option is option 1. losing electrons and forming positive ions.

Answer:

Increases by an unit.          

Explanation:

The periodic table refers to the table in which the chemical elements are arrangement in the increasing order of their atomic number (Z). This table contains 18 vertical columns, known as groups and 7 horizontal rows, called columns.

As we move across the period, i.e. left to right from one column to another; the number of valence electrons in the valence shell of a chemical element progressively increases by an unit.

Inactive ingredients in aspirin tablets, such as fillers, binders, and buffering agents, help in maintaining the structure of the tablet, extending shelf life, and minimizing side effects, among other functions.

Inactive ingredients in aspirin tablets serve various functions, such as binders, which hold the tablet together, and fillers like starch, which add bulk to the tablet making it easier to handle. Other potential inert ingredients may include disintegrants to help the tablet break down after ingestion, preservatives to extend shelf life, and buffering agents such as MgO, especially in buffered aspirin forms, to minimize acidic side effects. In some cases, there may be coating agents to protect the stomach lining or to control the release rate of the aspirin, flavoring agents to improve taste, and colorants for tablet identification. The choice of these additives depends on the intended use, manufacturing process, and desired properties of the final product.

Answer:The correct answer is magnesium hydroxide.

Explanation

Magnesium hydroxide is a base used in toothpaste. The role of base is to neutralize the acid secreted out in our mouth by bacteria present in our mouth which causes tooth decay and other related ailments.

[tex]Mg(OH)_2(aq)+2H^+(aq)\rightarrow 2H_2O(l)+Mg^{2+}(aq)[/tex]

Where as sorbitol is sugar alcohol found in the fruits and plants. Sodium lauryl sulfate is s basic salt which acts as a surfactant used for cleaning purposes.

Carrageenan is a substance extracted from red and purple seaweed used as thickening or emulsifying agents in the food products.

Answer:

Magnesium hydroxide

Explanation:

Toothpaste as such is a mild base. This helps to neutralize the acid produced in the mouth as a result of the action of certain bacteria that help in breaking down food.

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol and acidic in nature

Carrageenan is a linear polysaccharide and also acidic

Sodium lauryl sulfate is a surfactant and mildly acidic

However, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is a base which is used in toothpastes.

Answer: 3.6 grams

Explanation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Number of moles of silver nitrate}=\frac{4.22g}{170g/mol}=0.025moles[/tex]

[tex]\text{Number of moles of aluminium chloride}=\frac{7.73g}{133g/mol}=0.06moles[/tex]

[tex]3AgNO_3(aq)+AlCl_3(aq)\rightarrow Al(NO)_3)_3(aq)+3AgCl(s)[/tex]

According to stoichiometry:

3 mole of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] react with 1 mole of [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]

0.025 moles of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] react with =[tex]\frac{1}{3}\times 0.025=8.3\times 10^{-3}moles[/tex] of [tex]AlCl_3[/tex]

Thus [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product and [tex]AlCl_3[/tex] is the excess reagent.

3 moles of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] produce = 3 moles of [tex]AgCl[/tex]

0.025 moles of [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] produce =[tex]\frac{3}{3}\times 0.025=0.025moles[/tex] of [tex]AgCl[/tex]

Mass of [tex]AgCl[/tex] produced=[tex]moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.025\times 143=3.6g[/tex]

Thus 3.6 g of [tex]AgCl[/tex] is produced.

The mass in grams of AgCl produced when 4.22 g of AgNO₃ react with 7.73 g of AlCl₃ is 3.56 g

From the question, the equation of the reaction is given as

3agno3 (aq) + alcl3 (aq) → al(no3)3 (aq) + 3agcl (s)

This can be written properly as

3AgNO₃ (aq) + AlCl₃ (aq) → Al(NO₃)₃ (aq) + 3AgCl (s)

From the balanced chemical equation above, we observe that

3 moles of AgNO₃ will react with 1 mole of AlCl₃ to yield 1 mole of Al(NO₃)₃ and 3 moles of AgCl.

To determine the mass of AgCl that would be produced when 4.22 g of AgNO₃ react with 7.73 g of AlCl₃,

First, we will convert the given masses to number of moles

Using the formula,

[tex]Number \ of \ moles = \frac{Mass}{Molar \ mass}[/tex]

For AgNO₃

Mass = 4.22 g

Molar mass = 169.87 g/mol

∴ [tex]Number \ of \ moles = \frac{4.22}{169.87}[/tex]

Number of moles of AgNO₃ present = 0.02484 moles

For AlCl₃

Mass = 7.73 g

Molar mass = 133.34 g/mol

∴ [tex]Number \ of \ moles = \frac{7.73}{133.34 }[/tex]

Number of moles of AlCl₃ present = 0.05797 moles

Since,  

3 moles of AgNO₃ react with 1 mole of AlCl₃

Then,

0.02484 moles of AgNO₃ will react with [tex]\frac{0.02484}{3}[/tex] moles of AlCl₃ completely.

(NOTE: AgNO₃ is the limiting reagent and AlCl₃ is the excess reagent)

[tex]\frac{0.02484}{3} = 0.00828[/tex]

∴ Only 0.00828 moles of AlCl₃ will react.

Now, since

3 moles of AgNO₃ will react with 1 mole of AlCl₃ to yield 1 mole of Al(NO₃)₃ and 3 moles of 3AgCl

Therefore,

0.02484 moles of AgNO₃ will react with 0.00828 mole of AlCl₃ to yield 0.00828 mole of Al(NO₃)₃ and 0.02484 moles of AgCl

∴ 0.02484 moles of AgCl is produced during the reaction.

Now, we will convert this amount to grams

From the formula

[tex]Mass = Number \ of \ moles \times Molar \ mass[/tex]

Number of moles = 0.02484 moles

Molar mass = 143.32 g/mol

∴ Mass of AgCl produced = 0.02484 × 143.32

Mass of AgCl produced = 3.56 g

Hence, the mass in grams of AgCl produced when 4.22 g of AgNO₃ react with 7.73 g of AlCl₃ is 3.56 g

Learn more here: https://brainly.com/question/15399983

Elements in the same column or group have similar properties in the periodic table. Helium and xenon have similar properties because they are in the same group.

A chemical element is a type of atom with a specific number of protons in its nucleus, including the pure substance made up entirely of that species. Chemical elements, unlike chemical compounds, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.

Group 18 elements are gases that are chemically unreactive, meaning they do not form many compounds. As a result, the elements are referred to as inert gases. Noble gas elements, like the other group elements, exhibit trends in their physical and chemical properties.

Group 18 (Nobel Gases) elements are the least reactive. They had already finished their octet. As a result, they prefer not to gain or lose electrons. As a side note, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon are all octet rule exceptions.

Thus, Elements in the same column or group have similar properties in the periodic table.

To learn more about an element, follow the link;

https://brainly.com/question/13025901

#SPJ5

The moles of N atom in 0.225 g of N2O is 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles.

Moles is defined as a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities in measuring small entities such as atoms, molecules and other specified particles. It can also be defined as unit of amount of substance.

Atoms are defined as smallest unit into which matter can be divided without release of electrically charged particles.

The given mass of N2O = 0.225 g

The molar mass o N2O = 44.013 g/mole

So, the number of mole of nitrous oxide in 0.225 g of nitrous oxide

= 0.225 / 44.013 = 5.11 x 10⁻³ moles

The number of nitrogen present in 5.11 x 10⁻³ moles of nitrous oxide

= 5.11 x 10⁻³ x 2 = 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles

Thus, the moles of N atom in 0.225 g of N2O is 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles.

To learn more about moles, refer to the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/26416088

#SPJ2

There are 0.01022 moles or 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles of nitrogen in 0.225 g of N₂O.

To calculate the moles of nitrogen in 0.225 g of N₂O, we determined the molar mass of N₂O, found the moles of N₂O, and then calculated the moles of N based on its molecular composition.

To find the number of moles of nitrogen (N) in 0.225 g of N₂O, we need to follow these steps:

Step-by-Step Solution

Therefore, there are 0.01022 moles or 10.2 x 10⁻³ moles of nitrogen in 0.225 g of N₂O.

To neutralize a large acid spill, sodium hydroxide, which is a strong base, would be more efficient than baking soda. However, due to the heat it generates when reacting with acids, precautions must be taken.

The question refers to the neutralization of a large acid spill, which requires either sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3). Both substances are bases and can neutralize acids, raising the pH level by providing hydroxide ions (OH-) that combine with the acid's hydrogen ions (H*) to produce water.

However, considering the large scale of the spill in a school lab situation, sodium hydroxide would be a more suitable choice as it is a stronger base and reacts more readily with acids, allowing it to neutralize more acid per gram than baking soda would. Moreover, sodium hydroxide is widely used in various industries to neutralize acidic solutions, reinforcing its effectiveness.

On the other hand, using baking soda also results in the production of carbon dioxide gas, which in a confined lab environment could present additional safety considerations. Notably, the reaction of sodium hydroxide also generates a significant amount of heat, so precautions would need to be taken in its application.

https://brainly.com/question/35937514

#SPJ12

Sodium hydroxide is the best substance to neutralize a large acid spill in your school lab. It reacts with acids to form water and a harmless salt.

The best substance to neutralize a large acid spill in your school lab would be sodium hydroxide rather than baking soda. Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a strong base that can effectively neutralize acids. It reacts with acids to form water and a salt.

When sodium hydroxide reacts with an acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), the following reaction occurs:

NaOH + HCl → H2O + NaCl

This reaction results in the formation of water and sodium chloride (common table salt), which are both harmless substances. Hence, sodium hydroxide is the preferred choice for neutralizing a large acid spill in a school lab.

A lot of values are given but we must focus only on HCl.

There are 215 mL (0.215 L) of 0.300 M HCl that was completely   used. We must remember the moles is simply the product of volume and molarity, that is:

number of moles = 0.215 L * 0.300 M

number of moles= 0.0645 moles HCl

Final answer:

To determine the mass of silicon from the given number of atoms, we use Avogadro's number and the molar mass of silicon. One mole (6.02 × 1023 atoms) of silicon has a mass of about 28.0855 grams.

Explanation:

The question involves determining the mass of silicon given a number of atoms of silicon. We know that one mole of atoms is equivalent to Avogadro's number (6.022 × 1023 atoms). The mass of one mole of a substance is its molar mass, which for silicon is approximately 28.0855 grams. Therefore, if you have 6.02 × 1023 atoms of silicon, you have one mole of silicon, which weighs about 28.0855 grams.

Answer:

•   Chemical properties can only be observed during a chemical reaction:

Chemical properties can only be established by changing a substance's chemical identity, and chemical properties are different from physical properties, which can be observed by viewing or touching a sample. The internal qualities of a substance must be altered to determine its chemical properties.

Examples:

Some common chemical properties are heat of combustion, enthalpy of formation, toxicity,

and flammability, each of which will be covered in this lesson.

•   Rusting of iron is the chemical reaction not physical because:

The rusting of iron is a chemical change because it is two substances reacting together to make a

new substance. When iron rusts, iron molecules react with oxygen molecules to make a compound

called iron oxide. Rusting would only be a physical change if iron molecules remained pure iron

throughout the process.

The equation for this reaction is: 4Fe+ 3O2 → 2Fe2O

•   Melting and boiling points are physical properties:

Yes melting and boiling points are the physical properties.  

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.  

Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.

•   Mass and volume are chemical properties:

No mass and volume are the extensive physical properties of matter

All properties of matter are either physical or chemical properties and physical properties are either intensive or extensive.

Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured.

Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present.

Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance’s chemical identity.

•   Various components of a mixture do not combine chemically:

When various components of a mixture do not combine chemically it is a Combination of substances in which individual components do not combine chemically but retain their individual properties. Mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance.

When various components combine chemically then form chemical compounds that are often divided into two categories. Metals often react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds. These compounds are composed of positive and negative ions formed by adding or subtracting electrons from neutral atoms and molecules

The sentences among the group of answer choices that applies to physical and chemical properties are:

A. Chemical properties can only be observed during a chemical reaction.

B. The rusting of iron is a chemical property.

C. Melting and boiling points are physical properties.

E. The various components of a mixture do not combine chemically.

A physical property can be defined as the properties of a chemical compound (substance) that is measurable and observable without altering the chemical composition of the chemical compound (substance). Some examples of the physical properties of a substance are;

A chemical property can be defined as the properties of a chemical compound (substance) that is observable and measurable during a chemical reaction. Some examples of the chemical properties of a substance are;

In conclusion, we can deduce the following from the above definitions of physical and chemical properties;

I. A chemical property can only be observed and measured during a chemical reaction.

II. An example of a chemical property is the rusting of iron.

III. Melting and boiling points are considered to be physical properties.

IV. The various components of a mixture do not combine chemically.

Find more information: https://brainly.com/question/23529643

1. Heat always flow from a region of higher temperature to a lower temperature, just like concentration gradient. So in this case, since the metallic sphere is hotter than water, so naturally heat energy flows from the metallic sphere to the water.

2. We use the formula:

Q = m C ∆T

where Q is the heat energy gained, m is mass of water, C is heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g°C and ΔT is change in temperature

Since density of water is 1 g/mL, so mass is also 100g, therefore:

Q = 100 g * 4.184 J/g°C * (27.1°C - 25°C)

Q = 878.64 J

3. Heat gained by the water is equal to the heat lost by the metal, therefore:

Q(water) = - Q(metal)

878.64 J = - 15 g * C * (27.1°C - 98°C)

C = 0.83 J/g°C

Answer:

1. Heat always flow from a region of higher temperature to a lower temperature, just like concentration gradient. So in this case, since the metallic sphere is hotter than water, so naturally heat energy flows from the metallic sphere to the water.

2. We use the formula:

Q = m C ∆T

where Q is the heat energy gained, m is mass of water, C is heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g°C and ΔT is change in temperature

Since density of water is 1 g/mL, so mass is also 100g, therefore:

Q = 100 g * 4.184 J/g°C * (27.1°C - 25°C)

Q = 878.64 J

3. Heat gained by the water is equal to the heat lost by the metal, therefore:

Q(water) = - Q(metal)

878.64 J = - 15 g * C * (27.1°C - 98°C)

C = 0.83 J/g°C

Explanation:

I believe that the correct nuclear equation is the image that I attached.

From the equation we can see that the number of electrons are balanced out, that is:

42 = 43 – 1

42 = 42

Now what’s left to balance is the mass number,

98 + ? = 99

To complete the gap, we need to fill in 1 neutron so that:

98 + 1 = 99

99 = 99

Answer:

a neutron

Answer: A) The direction of the chemical equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the forward reaction.

Explanation: Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle.

This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.

For the given equation:

[tex]H_2+I_2+heat\rightleftharpoons 2HI[/tex]

This is a type of Endothermic reaction because heat is absorbed in the reaction.

On increasing the temperature, according to the Le-Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium will shift in the direction where decrease in temperature occurs. As this is an endothermic reaction, the temperature is decreasing in forward direction as heat is being absorbed.

Thus on increasing the temperature the reaction will shift in the right and rate of forward direction will increase.

Answer:

A) The direction of the chemical equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the forward reaction.

Explanation:

The elements in the periodic table are arranged from left to right and top to bottom increasing the value of an atomic number.

The periodic table can be described as a rows and columns arrangement of the elements. It is used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is seen as an icon of chemistry.

The periodic table can be defined as a graphic formulation of the periodic law, which states that the properties of chemical elements have a periodic dependence on their atomic numbers.

The periodic table is divided into four rectangular areas known as blocks. The rows of the table are known as periods, and the columns are known as groups.

Elements from the same group show similar chemical properties. Trends of the periodic table, with nonmetallic characters increasing from left to right in a period while across a group, and metallic characters increasing in the opposite direction.  The reason for these trends in the period and groups is the electron configurations of atoms.

Learn more about the periodic table, here:
https://brainly.com/question/24719506

#SPJ5

Torque is physical quantity defined in terms of force and distance. It is the product of force and the perpendicular distance. Thus the two variables are force and perpendicular distance.

Torque can be defined as the rotational analogue of linear force. It can also called as rotational force or turning effect. The force that can make an object to rotate along an axis is measured in torque.

Similar to how force accelerates an item in linear kinematics, torque accelerates an object in an angular direction.Torque is a vector quantity. The force acting on the axis determines the direction of the torque vector.

The definition of torque is the product of the force's strength and the angle at which the force's line of action is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

The lowercase Greek letter tau is commonly used as the torque symbol . Moment of force is frequently represented by the letter M.

To find more about torque, refer the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/28220969

#SPJ2

The frequency of yellow light of wavelength 580 nm is  [tex]\boxed{{0.05172\times10^{18}}\text{Hz}}[/tex]

Further Explanation:

Wavelength is the characteristic property of a wave. The term wavelength is defined as the distance between two successive crests or troughs in a wave. It is represented by [tex]\lambda[/tex] and its SI unit is meter (m).

The term frequency is defined as the number of times n event occurs in unit time. It is generally applied to waves including light, sound and radio waves. It is denoted by [tex]{\text{v }}[/tex] and its SI unit is Hertz (Hz).

The conversion factor to convert nm to m is,

[tex]1\;{\text{nm}}={10^{ - 9}}\;{\text{m}}[/tex]

The wavelength and frequency of light are related to each other by the following expression,

[tex]{\text{c}} = {v\lambda}[/tex]                                   ......(1)

Here,

C is the speed of light.

[tex]v[/tex] is the frequency of light.

[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength of light.

Rearrange equation (1) to calculate the frequency of light.

[tex]v=\dfrac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]                      ......(2)

The wavelength of yellow light is 580 nm.

Firstly, wavelength of yellow light is to be converted from nm to m as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Wavelength of yellow light }}\left({\text{m}}\right)&=\left( {{\text{580 nm}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{{10}^{ - 9}}\;{\text{m}}}}{{1\;{\text{nm}}}}}\right)\\&=58\times {10^{ - 10}}\;{\text{m}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The speed of yellow light is [tex]3 \times {10^8}\;{\text{m/s}}[/tex].

The wavelength of yellow light is  [tex]58\times {10^{ - 10}}\;{\text{m}}[/tex].

Substitute these values in equation (2)

[tex]\begin{aligned}{v }}&=\frac{{{\text{3}}\times{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^8}\;{\text{m/s}}}}{{58 \times{{10}^{ - 10}}\;{\text{m}}}}\\&=0.05172\times{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{18}}\;{\text{Hz}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

So the frequency of yellow light is [tex]{\mathbf{0}}{\mathbf{.05172 \times 1}}{{\mathbf{0}}^{{\mathbf{18}}}}\;{\mathbf{Hz}}[/tex].

Learn more:

1. Statement about subatomic particle: https://brainly.com/question/3176193

2. The energy of a photon in light: https://brainly.com/question/7590814

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Structure of the atom

Keywords: frequency, wavelength, yellow light, 580 nm, crests, troughs, speed of light, wavelength of light, frequency of light, conversion factor, Hz, m.

The frequency of this yellow light with wavelength, 580.0 nm is; 5.2 × 10¹⁴ Hz.

According to the question:

We must also establish the relationship between the speed, wavelength and frequency as follows;

c = f × λ

Therefore, f = c/λ

where,

However, 580nm = 580 × 10^-⁹ m = 5.8 × 10-⁷m

Consequently, the frequency, f of this yellow light is;

Read more:

https://brainly.com/question/25009190