Final answer:
The major causes of World War One - Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism (MAIN) - do not include a singular event like an invasion, which is typically associated with the causes of World War II.
Explanation:
Major Causes Not a Factor in World War One
The major causes typically attributed to the outbreak of World War One are Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism, known collectively by the acronym MAIN. Each of these factors played a significant role in leading up to the war. However, the assertion that any single entity was the 'bad guy' or that there was a singular cause for the war is a misrepresentation; the causes are much more complex and intertwined.
During the years preceding World War I, power dynamics among Europe's great powers were shifting, primarily driven by competition and suspicion. And while treaties and alliances were meant to maintain balance and negotiate peace, they instead paved the road to war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian nationalist was the immediate catalyst, which ignited the underlying tensions into full-scale conflict. The notion that the war occurred after multiple nations declared war and failed to diplomatically resolve the tension, rather than any singular factor such as a conspiracy or sense of victimization by a nation, is essential to understand.
A factor not a major cause of World War One, which might be suggested otherwise, would be an invasion akin to those leading up to World War II. World War I was more the result of the escalation of long-standing tensions and entangled alliances than direct invasions or annexations of territories.
What was the effect of Charles Lindbergh’s flight across the Atlantic Ocean?
A.) His demonstration of the reliability and safety of airplanes led to increased interest in air travel among Americans.
B.) The length of time his airplane took to cross the Atlantic Ocean compared to an ocean liner discouraged air travel among Americans.
C.) Air travel remained a novelty as his flight failed to generate much interest among Americans or politicians.
D.) Many Americans raised concerns about the safety of air travel after the failure of his flight.
Answer:
A: His demonstration of the reliability and safety of airplanes led to increase interest in air travel among Americans
Explanation:
Question(s):
What was the effect of Charles Lindbergh’s flight across the Atlantic Ocean?
A. His demonstration of the reliability and safety of airplanes led to increased interest in air travel among Americans.
B. The length of time his airplane took to cross the Atlantic Ocean compared to an ocean liner discouraged air travel among Americans.
C. Air travel remained a novelty as his flight failed to generate much interest among Americans or politicians.
D. Many Americans raised concerns about the safety of air travel after the failure of his flight.
OR
What was the effect of Charles Lindbergh‘s flight across the Atlantic Ocean?
Answer(s):
The answer is A. His demonstration of the reliability and safety of airplanes led to increased interest in air travel among Americans.
OR
The answer is the effect of Charles Lindbergh‘s flight across the Atlantic Ocean was his demonstration of the reliability and safety of airplanes led to increased interest in air travel among Americans.
Which of these best explains why the House of Lords is not given more power in the United Kingdom?
Answer:
The House of Lords has power to amend or reject the bills passed by the house of commons but this power severally restrict by the parliamentary act.
Explanation:
The house of Lords in the United Kingdom has the legislation power and under this power the House of Lords can amend or reject the bills. The house of Lords is the upper house in the United Kingdom's parliament which is also known as House of peer.
The members of the House of commons are appointed by the heredity or official function while members of House of commons are elected by a process. The House of Lords is the only upper house of any bicameral parliament in the world to be larger than its lower house.
Which statement about mummy portraits made in ancient Egypt is true?
The correct answer is They could be gold masks, encaustic painting on wooden panels, or paintings on shrouds.
Explanation: The artistic and cultural part of the Egyptian peoples was related to religious and funerary traditions. Few of the Egyptian works were created as art by art, almost all of them were intertwined in a religious and political context, such as the representation of Pharaoh.
I NEED HELP 10 POINTS GIVEN
Which choice should be placed in the blank to create the most positive connotation?
The aye-aye is one of the most ___________ looking creatures on earth. (5 points)
Select one:
a. extraordinary
b. outlandish
c. strange
d. unusual
D: Unusual
I am 100% sure
Answer:
Explanation:
d. unusal
What principle guldes the courts' Interpretation of the civil liberties found in the Bill of Rights?
A
finding a balance between the rights of Individuals and the needs of society
B. the rights of Individuals are always most important
C. state governments do not need to protect Individuals' rights, only the federal government must
D. none of these principles guides the courts' Interpretation
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Answer:
B. the rights of Individuals are always most important
Is the correct answer!
Explanation:
Please mark brainliest! Have a nice day! hOpe it helped!
Which three statements describe the direct effects of apartheid?
Black South Africans faced difficulties in uniting in the struggle against apartheid.
Great Britain and Dutch led military involvement in South Africa.
White South Africans retained control of the government and the economy.
Black South Africans were forced into poverty and unemployment.
Black South Africans create Bantustans to separate from South Africa.
Submit
Answer:
The right answers here are:
- White South Africans retained control of the government and the economy;
- Black South Africans were forced into poverty and unemployment;
- Black South Africans faced difficulties in uniting in the struggle against apartheid.
Explanation:
Answer:
This is the right answer
What was an effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
It repealed the Missouri Compromise.
California was admitted to the Union.
The Compromise of 1850 was repealed.
A. It repealed the Missouri Compromise.
Final answer:
An effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was repealing the Missouri Compromise, leading to heightened sectional conflict over slavery, the violent confrontations in "Bleeding Kansas", and the rise of the Republican Party.
Explanation:
An effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was that it repealed the Missouri Compromise. This legislation, signed into law in 1854, led to significant sectional conflict as it allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty. This disrupted the balance between free and slave states that had been carefully maintained by the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which prohibited slavery north of the 36° 30' parallel, except for Missouri. The Kansas-Nebraska Act pleased southern pro-slavery factions seeking federal protection for slavery in new territories but deeply angered northerners who opposed the extension of slavery, exacerbating pre-Civil War sectional tensions. Senator Douglas, who introduced the Act, claimed that the Compromise of 1850 had already repealed the Missouri Compromise, an argument many Northerners found disingenuous, as the 1850 measures only applied to the Mexican Cession, not the Louisiana Purchase. The act's passage led to violent confrontations in Kansas, known as "Bleeding Kansas", and significantly contributed to the rise of the Republican Party, which was committed to preventing the spread of slavery.
What 2 European countries divided most of the "New World" between them?
Spain and Portugal
Germany and France
Italy and Spain
O England and France
Spain and Portugal divided most of the "New World" between them.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Western Hemisphere (mostly referred to Americas) is called as New World. After the discovery of America by Spanish explorer Christoper Columbus in 1492, the European Countries started to sail to America. At that time, Spain and Portugal were the two superpowers.
In 1494, the New World territory was separated by the Treaty of Tordesillas. They divided the land by drawing a line on the map in the Atlantic ocean that cuts through Eastern Brazil. With the line as the center, all East lands were contented by Portugal and West lands were contented by Spain.
Which would be the most likely scenario to occur as a result of postwar automobile production?
The small town of Anyplace, IL, needed to build roads and streets.
The Jones family decided to move out of the city and into the suburbs.
Every major town and city was required to build a gas station.
The state highway department decided to build rest stops.
Mark this and retum
The Jones family decided to move out of the city and into the suburbs.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Transportation ( apart from pubic transportation) plays a major role in society. Also, their production is getting increased as their need becomes higher. In old times, people totally relied on public transportation. Only a few people( peoples in the cities) had the luxury of owning cars.
After the end of WWII, the cars had shaped the American cities and also the suburbs. Cars replaced the rail other public transportation. The increase in the usage of cars resulted in changing land-use patterns. All the cities and suburbs were built with roads and also provided streets with parking. So transportation became very easy.
Why did mercantilism require European nations to colonize new areas?
To move more Europeans to the colonies to help with overcrowding.
The nations had numerous natural resources, so they established colonies to purchase these resources.
Colonies made it easier to trade with the Indians.
Colonies had no resources of their own so they were dependent on the European nations.
The nations had few natural resources, so they established colonies as a source of raw materials. The materials would flow into the nation, where they would be turned into manufactured products and sold to other nations. The net result would be a financial gain in terms of real money to the parent nation.
The correct answer is the last statement: "The nations had few natural resources, so they established colonies as a source of raw materials. The materials would flow into the nation, where they would be turned into manufactured products and sold to other nations. The net result would be a financial gain in terms of real money to the parent nation."
Mercantilism was a system based on establishing a relationship with colonies where a nation would get cheap raw materials from a colony and sell manufactured products to the same colony and other nations.
Colonies were important also because of metals found in them. A kingdom's wealth was measured in metals, that is, gold and silver. In order to keep these metals nations would keep a positive trade balance, that is, nations should export more than import, exploring colonies to support this system.
37. There shall be one War Chief for each Nation and their duties shall be to carry messages for
their Lords and to take up the arms of war in case of emergency.
CAL
It is also stated that the war chiefs will not participate in the Confederate Council, but will instead watch its progress receive and pass on warnings from people.
This is a citation from The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations: The Great Binding Law, Gayanashagowa. This Confederation consits of five indigenous North American nations (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca).
This document was transmitted orally through centuries, and dates back to the 14th Century. It is also known as the "Great Peace" between these nations.
Matters of this Constitution consists of aspects of tribal and regional governance, social organization, rights and duties of leaders, protection of other rights, etc. It is believed that this constitution served as an influence for United States Constitution.
What is Moral Freedom? Which religion is this associated with
Answer:
Moral freedom is not the right to do what you want—it is the strength to do what is right. Moral freedom is not the absence of restraint, but rather it is a resolve to honor God’s design of purity and holiness. Moral freedom is liberty that comes from knowing the truth of God’s Word and living in harmony with that truth by the power of God’s Holy Spirit.
Moral freedom stems from genuine love, which is the opposite of lust. Genuine love gives to others, without the motive of personal pleasure or gain. Lust takes from others, with the selfish motive of personal pleasure or gain.
Walk in the Spirit
Genuine love is not the natural bent of the human heart. Only by the transformation of the sinful heart through salvation in Jesus Christ can a person reflect the perfect, genuine love of God in his or her relationships with others.
When you receive God’s gift of salvation, the Holy Spirit indwells your heart and prompts you to walk in obedience to the ways of God and to become like Jesus Christ. (See Ephesians 1:13–14 and John 14:26.) Walking in the Spirit involves applying the Word of God to your life—doing what the Word of God says to do—which leads you to spiritual maturity and moral freedom. “Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh” (Galatians 5:16).
Spiritual, Psychological, and Physical Drives
Moral freedom requires the subjection of your physical and psychological drives to the authority of the Holy Spirit, Who dwells within you as your Guide and Teacher. God designed the spiritual drive to be the strongest—the one that directs everything you think and say and do and desire.
What effect did factories have on the cities in which they were located?
A) Living conditions improved.
B) Food supplies increased.
C) Population increased.
D) Population decreased.
Answer: C - population increased
Explanation:
This result is a direct product of the Industrial Revolution. With the intensive development of industry, the population was increasingly leaving the field of agriculture and turning to industrial production, which was located in cities.
A direct result of the industrial revolution is urbanization, which first gained momentum in the UK and then expanded to the rest of Europe and the US.
2 Points
How did the Protestant Reformation affect religion in western Europe
beginning in the 16th century?
O
A. It promoted the idea of secularism within the Roman Catholic
Church.
B. It allowed the Roman Catholic Church to adopt some of Islam's
important practices.
O
C. It decreased the Roman Catholic Church's power and authority.
O
D. It caused a split between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox
Christians.
Answer: C.
Explanation: The Catholic Church, prior to the Reformation, had power and control over just about anything because of the social construct of the people there at the time. Back then what the Pope says, goes--or else. He was basically the Kim Jung-Un of their time.
The Pope along with the people of the church were at the highest section of the social hierarchy of the Ancient Roman Empire, with the Kings following closely behind. Why was this? There was a common concept the kings used to claims their right to power: The "Divine Right of Kings." This basically stated the whoever the king is at the time is so because they were chosen by god. The Pope, however, was received as the closest person to God and therefore had more power than the Kings did because of that. Everyone else was lower than them and had little to no power at all especially in comparison to the Church and the King.
Final answer:
The Protestant Reformation led to a decrease in the Roman Catholic Church's power and sparked the formation of Protestant churches, shifting religious, cultural, and political dynamics in Europe.
Explanation:
Impact of the Protestant Reformation on Western Europe
The Protestant Reformation significantly impacted religion in western Europe beginning in the 16th century. Option C is correct: It decreased the Roman Catholic Church's power and authority. Initiated by figures like Martin Luther, the Reformation led to a profound theological divide between Roman Catholics and Protestants, and this not only undermined the church's influence but also changed the religious, cultural and political landscape of Europe. Luther's Ninety-Five Theses questioned the Church's practices and teachings, including the sale of indulgences and the authority of the pope. The Reformation facilitated the establishment of Protestant churches across northern Europe and promoted individual access to scripture, challenging the monolithic structure of the Catholic Church's clergy-led paradigm.
This movement also led to wars between Catholics and Protestants and played a significant role in shaping the political boundaries and state relationships within Europe. High literacy rates, mass education, and the cultural shift towards individual moral responsibility were byproducts of the Reformation, impacting the societal framework beyond religious practices.
The three principle religions in Asia were _____.
1. Hinduism, Shintoism, and Buddhism
2. Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity
3. islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism
4. Christianity, Islam, and Shintoism
Answer:
3 i think, it might be wrong sorry if it is
Explanation:
Relationship in which a less-developed nation’s trade is controlled by a developed nation
Answer:
Colonialism.
Explanation:
Colonialism is the practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically.
Answer:
its economic independence
Explanation:
im taking the test also hope this helps
3. Provide two methods - aside from voting - in which citizens may participate in the
government. Explain how each method can effectively influence government actions. (4 points)
Answer:
1. Becoming involved in pressure groups
2. Signing a petition
Explanation:
Citizens have sets of duties and rights to participate in decision-making processes that impact the welfare of everyone, and such participation should be encouraged by the government as a way to empower the citizens. Below are some of the ways people can have their say:
1. By becoming involved in pressure groups – Well-funded, well-organized and established pressure groups do not hold power themselves but persuade different decision-makers by promoting a cause such as protecting the environment (which is championed by the pressure group called friends of the earth)
2. By signing a petition – Any individual, or group of persons or organization can submit a petition to the parliament. The petitions must be evaluated by the committees set aside for them. If the petitions are within the arms of the government that received them, then investigations are made together with the recommendations on the next actions to follow. Petitions can be made to ask government to make certain changes in regulations or a change in law.
One way in which the Han' dynasty and the Roman
Empire were similar is that both tarneamonte
(1) governed large areas around the
Mediterranean Sea
(2) created democratic societies in which people
elected their government officials
(3) developed a social system in which great
equality existed
(4) promoted unity and communication by
building a strong system of roads
The Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that they both promoted unity and communication by building a strong system of roads. Option D is correct.
Explanation:One way in which the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar is that both promoted unity and communication by building a strong system of roads. They constructed extensive networks of roads to connect different regions within their respective empires. These roads facilitated trade, transportation, and communication, allowing for the movement of goods, people, and information.
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Which of the following contributed to the global spreading of the Great Depression?
Countries were globally connected by the gold standard's fixed exchange rates.
People from different parts of the world continued to migrate to new countries.
There was a global increase in consumer demands.
Germany violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
Answer:
Its not C
Explanation:
Countries were globally connected by the gold standard's fixed exchange rates which contributed to the global spreading of the Great Depression. Therefore, A is the correct option.
What was the great depression?The great depression affected almost all the countries of the world in the late 1920s and it lasted till the late 1930s, almost for 10 years. The great depression is characterized by the declined prices of commodities which are also known as deflation, lower production, mass unemployment, hysteric situations in banks, and growing poverty.
The major reasons behind the great depression were the stock market crash in the United States of America which resulted in a trust deficit between the market and the investors and the rate of investment in the market. Another reason was panicked people taking out their money from the banks which resulted in bank runouts and there was no money available for granting loans to people and business houses.
Also, since the countries were globally connected by the gold standard's fixed exchange rates. Therefore, A is the correct option.
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Analyze the changes and continuities in the lives of African Americans during the 19th century.
Answer:
I would say In the late nineteenth century, the promise of emancipation and Reconstruction went largely unfulfilled and was even reversed in the lives of African Americans. Southern blacks suffered from horrific violence, political disfranchisement, economic discrimination, and legal segregation.
Explanation:
I read an article about something I remember They lived in the poorest and unhealthiest neighborhoods of cities, barred from all employment except menial labor, and periodically harassed by white mobs. Over the course of the nineteenth century, states that had permitted free black citizens to vote restricted voting privileges to white men.
During the 19th century, African Americans experienced significant changes such as the abolition of slavery, the rise of racial segregation, and the establishment of legal rights.
Segregation refers to the enforced separation of individuals or groups based on their race or ethnicity. In the context of the 19th century, segregation primarily targeted African Americans and created a system of racial discrimination and exclusion.
Segregation manifested in various aspects of life, including education, public facilities, housing, and transportation. It perpetuated social and economic inequalities, denying African Americans equal rights and opportunities.
Segregation was a means to uphold white supremacy and maintain racial hierarchies, leaving a lasting impact on the lives of African Americans, even after the abolition of slavery. It took many decades of civil rights activism to challenge and dismantle segregation in the United States.
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What were some effects on American goods and British goods over the war of 1812 ending
During the war of 1812, many restrictions of american ships to enter the ports of British were inflicted.
Explanation:
Though Embargo were issued by Britain on American Goods, many commodities reached the ports of Britain due to unfair and illegal means. Britain which is a bitter enemy against France issued Embargo on the american ships too because America was found to maintain a neutral relationship with France.
In spite of continuous warnings, many american commercial vessels on the ports were seized and this annoyed the Americans and caused the rise of anti British feelings. British took the support of Native Americans who were suffering seclusion and they were forced to work in British Navy.
27. In the 1830s, inventions such as the mech
cut cleanly through sod allowed settlers in the
a. run their farms profitably without relyir
b. buy additional land from the federal go
c. clear land and harvest more grain with
d. establish east-to-west trails to reach ti
Answer:
In the 1830s, inventions such as the mech cut cleanly through sod allowed settlers in the Clear land and harvest with more grain.
Explanation:
The invention that allowed to cut the crop right from close to the sod allowed the farmers to have more of the crop stem for the purpose of threshing.The ease in threshing helped gain more yield from the crop. The cutting done right through the sod not only cleared the land of the crop, but also allowed the farmers to use the land for other purposes for the rest of the year.What is nigeria president name
Answer:
Muhammadu Buhari
Explanation:
On May 29, 2015 Muhammadu Buhari was sworn in as President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and the 15th head of state after winning the election.
The Greeks fought a series of wars with the ____ Empire.
Ionian
Hoplite
Athenian
Persian
Answer:
Persian
Explanation:
The Persian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Persians and the Greeks from 492 BC to 449 BC. Who were the Persians? The Persian Empire was the largest and most powerful empire in the world at the time of the Persian Wars.
hope it helps:)
The correct answer is Persian
The Medical Wars took place between the Greek peoples (Achaeans, Ionians, Dorians, and Aeolians) and the Persian Fears over the dispute over Ionia in Asia Minor, when the Greek colonies of the region, especially Miletus, attempted to free themselves from Persian rule.
The struggle for independence from the Ionian cities, Greek colonies in Anatolia (region of present-day Turkey), which the Persians in their territorial expansion came to dominate, compromising Greek trade in the East was the main cause of these wars.
Whose philosophy was the Declaration of Independence based on?
Answer:
Philosopher John Locke
Explanation:
"Thomas Jefferson derived the most famous ideas in the Declaration of Independence from the writings of English philosopher John Locke."
Source: Conditional Rights Foundation
Foundation, Constitutional Rights. “Natural Rights.” Constitutional Rights Foundation, n.d., https://www.crf-usa.org/foundations-of-our-constitution/natural-rights.html#:~:text=Most%20scholars%20today%20believe%20that,the%20rule%20of%20James%20II.
How did the Nullification Crisis and its resolution foreshadow the Civil War? A. South Carolina challenged federal authority over the states by declaring a federal tariff void, but the president and Congress maintained that federal authority was supreme. B. South Carolina defied an international trade agreement negotiated by the president, so the president used the military to force the state government to abide by the agreement. C. After South Carolina prohibited citizens from capturing or transporting escaped slaves, the president ordered the military to seek out and capture escaped slaves living in the state. D. After South Carolina illegally signed a treaty with Spain without Senate approval, the federal government declared martial law in the state until a new state government was elected.
Answer:
The Nullification Crisis and its resolution foreshadowed the Civil War as A. South Carolina challenged federal authority over the states by declaring a federal tariff void, but the president and Congress maintained that federal authority was supreme.
Explanation:
The nullification crisis is termed as a political crisis in the U.S. in 1832-1833. During this time the nation witnessed the conflict between South Carolina and the federal government. The conflict rose from the declaration that South Carolina made with regards to the Tariffs. South Carolina made a claim that the tariffs are unconstitutional and hence the sovereign bodies must be exempted. They said efforts of using violence to collect taxes would end in the separation of the country.
5. What was a hope of people who worked in settlement houses?
a) They hoped immigrants would overcome the prejudices of nativism.
b) They hoped immigrants would not lose the traditions of their homelands.
c) They hoped immigrants would blend into the American culture.
d) They hoped immigrants would bring their relatives to America.
They hoped immigrants would overcome the prejudices of nativism was a hope of people who worked in settlement houses.
Option A
Explanation:
The hope of people who lived in the settlement house was to share knowledge and culture with the natives. This was the movement in the 1880’s. The motive of this settlement movement was to decrease the level of inequality in poor and rich.
In the settlement house they lived together and get services like education, sharing culture, and medical treatments etc. this movement started the social initiatives working for lower and poor income people. This was for development of lower class.
Answer:
They hoped immigrants would blend into the American culture
Explanation:
100 % on gradpoint
What is the dao? Explain
Answer:Introduction to Daoism. The Chinese word dao means a way or a path. Confucians used the term dao to speak of the way human beings ought to behave in society. In other words, dao, for them, was an ethical or moral way. From the point of view of Daoism, however, the Confucian concept of dao was too limited.
Explanation:
Answer:
shouldn't you know that by now
Come on go to sleep its late my brother or sister.
Instead wake up early and finish it in the morning
Explanation:
What was drawing people west in the 1800s?
A) educational opportunities
B) easy transportation routes
C) jobs created by factories
D) inexpensive land
Answer:
The right answer is D.
Explanation:
The lure of getting free land or inexpensive lands plus government policies to encourage settlement and colonization, provided a powerful stimulus to migration to the West along the 19th century in the United States, both before and after the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848.
John Adams
When Adams became President, the war between the French and British was causing great difficulties for the United States on the high seas and intense partisanship [taking of sides] among contending factions within the Nation.
His administration focused on France, where the Directory, the ruling group, had refused to receive the American envoy and had suspended commercial relations.
Adams sent three commissioners to France, but in the spring of 1798 word arrived that the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and the Directory had refused to negotiate with them unless they would first pay a substantial bribe. Adams reported the insult to Congress, and the Senate printed the correspondence, in which the Frenchmen were referred to only as "X, Y, and Z."…
President Adams did not call for a declaration of war, but hostilities began at sea. At first, American shipping was almost defenseless against French privateers, but by 1800 armed merchantmen and U.S. warships were clearing the sea-lanes.
—WhiteHouse.gov
Based on the information in the excerpt, what can be inferred about the effect the war between France and England had on the United States?
A.) Congress became united in wanting to attack the French.
B.) The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.
C.) The negotiations led to further disputes among the French Directory members regarding British trade policy.
D.) The attacks on U.S. ships led to strengthening the through building more frigates.
Please explain why! I will give brainly if the answer is correct! <3
Answer:
D. The attacks on U.S. ships led to strengthening through the building of more frigates.
Explanation:
France and America were not at peace with one another. John Adams wanted to be at peace, so he sent 3 commissioners to France, hoping to achieve peace. Instead, they said America had to bribe them.
French people started to attack American trade-ships (individual desire or government orders, idk). USA built better frigates and became stronger.