Magnesium has a full outer shell because it says +2 for Mg, which means it loses 2 electrons. It leaves Mg with an outer shell of 8 electrons, which is a full valence shell.
Mg+2 among the following has the full outer shell , therefore option (d) is correct.
What do you mean by outer shell ?A full outer shell is known as the noble gas configuration where the outer shell of an atom is energetically stable and contains 8 outer electrons .
It belongs to a group called the noble gases. When the outer shell has the maximum number of electrons, the electron shells. are said to be full.
The inner shells of an atom are always full. If the outer shell of an atom has less than , its maximum number of electrons then it will not be stable.
Elements with complete outer shell are Helium , Neon, Argon, Krypton , Xenon , Radon .
Mg+2 among the following has the full outer shell ,hence option (d) is correct .
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Calculate the percentage yield for the reaction represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 ? 2H2O + CO2 when 1000 g of CH2 react with excess O2 to produce 2300 g of CO2.
Answer:
83.64%.
Explanation:
∵ The percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield)*100.
actual yield of CO₂ = 2300 g.
We need to find the theoretical yield of CO₂:For the reaction:
CH₄ + 2O₂ → 2H₂O + CO₂,
1.0 mol of CH₄ react with 2 mol of O₂ to produce 2 mol of H₂O and 1.0 mol of CO₂.
Firstly, we need to calculate the no. of moles of 1000 g of CH₄ using the relation:no. of moles of CH₄ = mass/molar mass = (1000 g)/(16.0 g/mol) = 62.5 mol.
Using cross-multiplication:
1.0 mol of CH₄ produces → 1.0 mol of CO₂, from stichiometry.
∴ 62.5 mol of CH₄ produces → 62.5 mol of CO₂.
We can calculate the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide gas using the relation:∴ The theoretical yield of CO₂ gas = n*molar mass = (62.5 mol)(44.0 g/mol) = 2750 g.
∵ The percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield)*100.
actual yield = 2300 g, theoretical yield = 2750 g.
∴ the percent yield = (2300 g/2750 g)*100 = 83.64%.
The study of chemicals and bonds is called chemistry. There are two types of metals and these are metals and nonmetals.
The correct answer to the question is 83.64.
What is a combination reaction?The formation of the new compound by joining the two different elements is called a combination reaction.
According to the question
The percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield)*100.
Hence, the actual yield of CO₂ = 2300 g.
The reaction is as follows: - [tex]CH_4 + 2O_2 --- > 2H_2O + CO_2[/tex]
1.0 moles of CH₄ reacts with 2 moles of O₂ to produce 2 moles of H₂O and 1.0 moles of CO₂. Firstly, we need to calculate the no. of moles of 1000 g of CH₄ using the relation:
no. of moles of CH₄ = mass/molar mass =
[tex]\frac{(1000 g)}{(16.0 g/mol)} = 62.5 mol.[/tex]
Using cross-multiplication:
1.0 mole of CH₄ produces ---> 1.0 mole of CO₂, from stoichiometry.62.5 moles of CH₄ produces ---> 62.5 moles of CO₂.We can calculate the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide gas using the relation:
The theoretical yield of CO₂ gas = n*molar mass =[tex](62.5 mol)(44.0 g/mol) = 2750 g.[/tex]
∵ The percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield)*100.
Actual yield = 2300 g, Theoretical yield = 2750 g.The percent yield = [tex](2300 g/2750 g)*100 = 83.64%[/tex]%
Hence, the correct answer is 83.64.
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When 50 ml (50 g) of 1.00 m hcl at 22oc is added to 50 ml (50 g) of 1.00 m naoh at 22oc in a coffee cup calorimeter, the temperature increases to 28.87oc. how much heat is produced by the reaction between hcl and naoh? (the specific heat of the solution produced is 4.18 j/goc)?
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{2700 J}}[/tex]
Explanation:
HCl + NaOH ⟶ NaCl + H₂O
There are two energy flows in this reaction.
Heat of reaction + heat to warm water = 0
q₁ + q₂ = 0
q₁ + mCΔT = 0
Data:
m(HCl) = 50 g
m(NaOH) = 50 g
T₁ = 22 °C
T₂ = 28.87 °C
C = 4.18 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹
Calculations:
m = 50 + 50 = 100 g
ΔT = 28.87 – 22 = 6.9 °C
q₂ = 100 × 4.18 × 6.9 = 2900 J
q₁ + 2900 = 0
q₁ = -2900 J
The negative sign tells us that the reaction produced heat.
The reaction produced [tex]\boxed{\textbf{2900 J}}[/tex].
The reaction between HCl and NaOH in the situation described produced 2.87 kJ of heat.
Explanation:The question is asking how much heat is produced by the reaction between 1.00 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 1.00 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a coffee cup calorimeter when the initial temperature is 22ºC and the final temperature is 28.87ºC. The heat released in a chemical reaction can be calculated from the formula q = mcΔT, where q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this case, the mass of the solution is 100g (50g HCl + 50g NaOH), the specific heat of the solution is given as 4.18 J/gºC, and the change in temperature is 28.87ºC - 22ºC = 6.87ºC.
Applying the numbers in the formula we get:
q = 100g * 4.18 J/gºC * 6.87ºC = 2872.6 J
Since the question requires the answer in kJ, we divide the result by 1000: Q = 2.87 kJ. The reaction between HCl and NaOH in the calorimeter produced 2.87 kJ of heat.
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What are the two main types of chemical bonds
Answer:
The two main types of chemical bonds are covalent bonds and ionic bonds.Explanation:
Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between a positive ion (named cation) and a negative ion (named anion).
A cation is formed when an atom donates one or more electrons from its valence shell, while an anion is formed when an atom accepts one or more electrons.
The most classical example of a ionic bond is that of sodium chloride: sodium (Na) is a metal with one valence electron, and chlorine (Cl) is a nonmetal with 7 valence electrons. Then, sodium releases its valence electron (forming the cation Na⁺), which is accepted by chlorine (forming the anion chloride, Cl⁻). These two ions with opposite charge are bonded by the attractive electrostatic force.
Covalent bonds are the result of sharing valence electrons. In this case, the atoms do not exchange (donate/accept) electrons but share them; meaning that the shared electrons belong to the outermost energy level of the two atoms, now bonded by the covalent bond.
Furthermore, the covalent bond may be polar or non-polar. A polar covalent bond is formed when the two atoms have different electronegativities, because in such case one atom pulls the electrons harder than the other, resulting in an uneven distribution of the charge, i.e. forming a dipole.
Why does alkali elements react vigorously with water?
Answer:
Explanation:
Because the alkali metal is really willing to give up its electron much more so than Hydrogen.
The redox reaction looks like this
K ===> K+ + 1 e- The reduction vo is very high which means that the K really does want to give up that electron.
2H+ +2e- ====> H2 The oxidation vo is almost 0 but the Hydrogen is the perfect recipient for the 2 electrons.
What is the pH of a 1.0 molar solution of HCl?
Answer:
0.
Explanation:
For 1.0 M HCl:[H⁺] = 1.0 M.
∵ pH = - log[H⁺]
∴ pH = - log(1.0 M) = 0.
Final answer:
The pH of a 1.0 molar solution of HCl is 0.
Explanation:
The pH of a 1.0 molar solution of HCl can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H3O+]. Since HCl is a strong acid, it completely ionizes in water to form H3O+ ions. Therefore, the hydrogen ion concentration is equal to the molar concentration of HCl.
Thus, the pH of a 1.0 molar solution of HCl would be -log(1.0) = 0.
Therefore, the pH of the solution is 0.
What is the concentration of a solution that has a volume of 2.5L and contains exactly 2.125 moles of calcium phosphate
Answer:
0.85 mol/L.
Explanation:
Molarity is defined as the no. of moles of solute dissolved in a liter of the solution.M = (no. of moles of solute)/(Volume of the solution (L))
no. of moles of calcium phosphate = 2.125 mol.
Volume of the solution = 2.5 L.
∴ M of calcium phosphate = (2.125 mol)/(2.5 L) = 0.85 mol/L.
An ionic bond can be formed when one or more electrons are 1) equally shared by two atoms 2) unequally shared by two atoms 3) transferred from the nucleus of one atom to the nucleus of another atom 4) transferred from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom
Answer:
4) transferred from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom
Explanation:
Electrons are located outside of the nucleus which contains the protons and the neutrons.
For bonds to form, valence electrons located in the outermost shell electrons are involved. These are the valence electrons. These outer shell electrons can be shared or transferred between two combining atoms to form stable atoms.
In ionic bonds, the electrons are transferred from one specie to another. The atom that loses the electrons becomes positively charged and the receiving atom becomes negatively charged. This is the crux of ionic bonds.