Answer:
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Explanation:
cDNA library consists of cloned cDNA (complementary DNA) inserted into a host. cDNA is produced from the mature mRNA (transcriptome form the nucleus) via reverse transcriptase (synthesize single stranded DNA from RNA). Single stranded cDNA is converted into a double stranded DNA thanks to DNA polymerase. Restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase are enzymes necessary for the cloning process ( for cloning the sequences into host-bacterial plasmids).
A cDNA library is constructed using reverse transcriptase, primary mRNA transcripts, and DNA ligase. These tools help to create a library of DNA from the expressed genes in a cell.
Explanation:
The construction of a cDNA library typically employs the use of reverse transcriptase, primary mRNA transcripts, and DNA ligase. The process starts with messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell, which is used as a template by the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make complementary DNA, or cDNA. This cDNA can then serve as a template for DNA polymerase to create double-stranded DNA copies. These fragments are eventually joined together using DNA ligase, either into plasmid vectors or bacteriophage, to generate a cDNA library. This library only contains DNA from the expressed genes in the cell, excluding sequences such as introns and promoters, which are not translated into proteins.
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he complete set of an organism's or population's genes. A variation at a single position in a DNA sequence among individuals of the same species. A lab instrument used to precisely measure and move small amounts of liquid. A procedure that makes thousands of copies from a small sample of DNA. A word that means to copy. An enzyme that copies a single strand of DNA. A single, short piece of DNA that must be present to copy a DNA template. Viruses that infect bacteria. Short enzymes that cut DNA samples at a specific base sequence. A process that separates pieces of DNA by their size using an electrical current. A series of chemical reactions that generate a cellular response. Cell communication. A molecule that binds to another molecule. A. DNA polymerase B. genome C. bacteriophages D. primer E. micropipette F. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G. ligand H. restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) I. amplify J. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) K. gel electrophoresis L. signal transduction
Answer:
The complete set of an organism's or population's genes. B. genome
A variation at a single position in a DNA sequence among individuals of the same species. F. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
A lab instrument used to precisely measure and move small amounts of liquid. E. micropipette
A procedure that makes thousands of copies from a small sample of DNA. J. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A word that means to copy. I. amplify
An enzyme that copies a single strand of DNA. A. DNA polymerase
A single, short piece of DNA that must be present to copy a DNA template. D. primer
Viruses that infect bacteria. C. bacteriophages
Short enzymes that cut DNA samples at a specific base sequence. H. restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes).
A process that separates pieces of DNA by their size using an electrical current. K. gel electrophoresis
A series of chemical reactions that generate a cellular response. L. signal transduction
A molecule that binds to another molecule. G. ligand
Explanation:
Genome is also defined as a full set of genetic material in an organism.
SNP is usually referred to a substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the DNA.
Micropipette is used for the precise measurement and for the exact amount of liquid delivery.
PCR is a widely used technique in molecular biology, used for the amplification (replication) of DNA fragments. It is performed thanks to heat-resistant enzyme (Taq polymerase) through the cyclic reactions. Polymerases are enzymes that add nucleotides in order to make chanis-polymers of nucleic acid (polymerization) and they require short DNA segment (primer) in order to start the polymerization. Restriction enzymes are enzymes that recognize and cut DNA at specific site (restriction site) and are widely used in DNA cloning.
Signal transduction is a set of steps from signal binding to cell response that are transmitted through the cell. It usually starts with ligand-receptor binding.
What is the significance of the fact that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilage rings?
Answer:
Cartilage rings of trachea have protective role
Explanation:
Trachea is a tube, part of the respiratory system, which allows the passage of the air: from larynx to lungs (primary bronchi). It is enveloped with cartilage rings that prevent collapse of the trachea when there is no air. The cartilage "rings" are C-shaped, except one full ring-shaped - the cricoid cartilage which attaches trachea to the larynx.
Plant like organisms that grow in or near water
Answer:
Algae
Explanation:
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Certain algae are familiar to most people; for instance, seaweeds (such as kelp or phytoplankton), or the algal blooms in lakes. Single-celled algae can live on moist land.
"The correct term for plant-like organisms that grow in or near water is ""aquatic plants"" or ""hydrophytes."" These organisms are specifically adapted to live submerged in water, or at the water's surface.
Aquatic plants can be further classified based on their habitat:
1. Emergent plants are rooted in the bottom of the water body but have stems, leaves, and flowers that extend above the water's surface. Examples include cattails (Typha spp.) and bulrushes (Schoenoplectus spp.).
2. Floating-leaved plants are rooted in the bottom with leaves that float on the water's surface. An example is the water lily (Nymphaea spp.).
3. Submerged plants are completely underwater, except for when they flower. They are often referred to as ""oxygenating plants"" because they release oxygen into the water during photosynthesis, which is crucial for the health of aquatic ecosystems. Examples include hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) and eelgrass (Zostera marina).
4. Floating plants are not attached to the bottom; they float freely on the surface of the water. Examples include duckweeds (Lemnaceae) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).