Which of the following are organic compounds?

Select all that apply.

ozone (O3)
propane (C3H8)
methane (CH4)
water (H2O)

Final answer:

To find the final temperature of water after dissolving lithium bromide, we can use the equation q = mcΔT. The heat released by the dissolution of lithium bromide can be calculated using the given ΔH value. By substituting the values into the equation, we can find the change in temperature and determine the final temperature of the water.

Explanation:

To find the final temperature of the water, we can use the equation q = mcΔT, where q is the heat absorbed or released, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, calculate the heat released by the dissolution of 2.00 moles of lithium bromide. ΔH is given as -48.83 kJ/mol, so the heat released is -48.83 kJ/mol * 2.00 mol = -97.66 kJ.

Next, calculate the mass of water. 1000.0 grams of water is equivalent to 1000.0 mL, and since the density of water is 1.00 g/mL, the mass is 1000.0 grams.

Now, we can calculate the change in temperature using the equation:

q = mcΔT

-97.66 kJ = 1000.0 g * 4.184 J/g-K * ΔT

ΔT = -97.66 kJ / (1000.0 g * 4.184 J/g-K) = -0.0232 K = -0.0232 °C

Since the change in temperature is negative, the final temperature of the water will be 25.0 °C - 0.0232 °C = 24.9768 °C.

Answer:

The rate of reaction will increase

Explanation:

According to the collision theory, the rate of reaction increases with increase in the number of colliding reactant particles. The more number of particles present, the more effective collisions that occur between reactants and the greater the rate of reaction.

Answer:

A. [tex]P_{(s)}+O_2_{(g)}\rightarrow P_2O_5_{(s)}[/tex]

Explanation:

Symbolic representation of the chemical reaction with the help of the formulas and symbols is known as chemical equation. In the chemical equation, reactants are written at left-hand side as well as products are expressed or written on right-hand side. The coefficients which are written before the formulas or the symbols are known as stoichiometric numbers.

The equation of for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus [tex]P_{(s)}[/tex] combines with oxygen gas [tex]O_2_{(g)}[/tex] to form diphosphorus pentoxide [tex]P_2O_5_{(s)}[/tex] is:-

A. [tex]P_{(s)}+O_2_{(g)}\rightarrow P_2O_5_{(s)}[/tex]

Answer: The below calculations proves that the rate of diffusion of [tex]^{235}UF_6[/tex] is 0.4 % faster than the rate of diffusion of [tex]^{238}UF_6[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate the rate of diffusion of gas, we use Graham's Law.

This law states that the rate of effusion or diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. The equation given by this law follows the equation:

[tex]\text{Rate of diffusion}\propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{Molar mass of the gas}}}[/tex]

We are given:

Molar mass of [tex]^{235}UF_6=349.034348g/mol[/tex]

Molar mass of [tex]^{238}UF_6=352.041206g/mol[/tex]

By taking their ratio, we get:

[tex]\frac{Rate_{(^{235}UF_6)}}{Rate_{(^{238}UF_6)}}=\sqrt{\frac{M_{(^{238}UF_6)}}{M_{(^{235}UF_6)}}}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{Rate_{(^{235}UF_6)}}{Rate_{(^{238}UF_6)}}=\sqrt{\frac{352.041206}{349.034348}}\\\\\frac{Rate_{(^{235}UF_6)}}{Rate_{(^{238}UF_6)}}=\frac{1.00429816}{1}[/tex]

From the above relation, it is clear that rate of effusion of [tex]^{235}UF_6[/tex] is faster than [tex]^{238}UF_6[/tex]

Difference in the rate of both the gases, [tex]Rate_{(^{235}UF_6)}-Rate_{(^{238}UF_6)}=1.00429816-1=0.00429816[/tex]

To calculate the percentage increase in the rate, we use the equation:

[tex]\%\text{ increase}=\frac{\Delta R}{Rate_{(^{235}UF_6)}}\times 100[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\%\text{ increase}=\frac{0.00429816}{1.00429816}\times 100\\\\\%\text{ increase}=0.4\%[/tex]

The above calculations proves that the rate of diffusion of [tex]^{235}UF_6[/tex] is 0.4 % faster than the rate of diffusion of [tex]^{238}UF_6[/tex]

Using Graham's law of effusion, the calculation confirms that 235UF6 diffuses approximately 0.4% faster than 238UF6 based on their given molar masses.

To demonstrate why 235UF6 diffuses faster than 238UF6, we can use Graham's law of effusion. This law states that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass (M).

Graham's law formula:
Rate of effusion1 / Rate of effusion2 = √(Molar mass2 / Molar mass1)

The molar masses given for 235UF6 and 238UF6 are 349.034348 g/mol and 352.041206 g/mol, respectively.

Now we calculate the ratio of their rates of effusion using the given molar masses:

Ratio = √(352.041206 / 349.034348)
= √(1.0086)
= 1.00429

This implies that 235UF6 diffuses approximately 0.429% faster than 238UF6. When we round this to one decimal place, it confirms the claim that 235UF6 diffuses 0.4% faster than 238UF6.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The presence of mobile electrons explains the reason why there is conduction of electricity in the solid state. Electrons are the part of atoms that are majorly responsible for the different characteristics that substances exhibit.

A good example of the conduction of electricity can be seen in the case of 2 crystalline forms of carbon. While one of the allotropes could conduct electricity, the other allotrope cannot conduct electricity.

The two allotropes we are talking about here is graphite and diamond. While graphite could be used in a whole lot of electrolysis set up as an electrode, diamond does not found use in cases like this despite its crystalline structure. The reason for this is simple.

While diamond does not contain free mobile electron in its molecule, these free mobile electrons are present in a molecule of graphite. These free mobile electrons are the main reason why graphite can conduct electricity and diamond cannot even though they are both crystalline forms of carbon.

Explanation:

The two figures are missing so I can't tell which reactions will proceed faster, but the answer will follow this logic:

If the two samples of Mg(s) are equal, the two amounts of HCl(aq) are equal, the operation conditions are the same (Temperature, pressure,etc.), the difference in the speed of reaction will only depend difference in the quality of mixing of the Mg(s).

Being that said:

Answer:

A....

Explanation:

Answer:

A. Aspartic acid is unstable at temperatures below 150°C.

Explanation:

Aspartic acid  is an amino acid that is used in the production of proteins within  living cells.  It contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid, and can be synthesized by the body. It is a non-essential amino acid. The prebiological formation of aspartic acid occured at a certain temperature range. It was deduced from the passage that aspartic acid is unstable at temperatures below 150°C. The transamination of oxaloacetate in the human body gives rise to the formation of aspartate which is facilitated by the enzyme, aminotransferases. Aspartate also play a major role in the formation of urea by acting as a metabolite.

Answer:

Na> Mg > Si > P > Ar (option D)

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

The radius of atoms increases as you go down a certain group.

The size of an atom will decrease as you move from left to the right of a period

All the elements are in the same period (period 3). This means The element the most on the left has the biggest size. The more to the right the smaller it gets.

Sodium (Na) is the element most on the left ( in group 1). Sodium has the biggest radius.

Magnesium is in group 2. This element has the second biggest radius.

Silicon is in group 14. This element has the third biggest radius.

Phosphorus is in group 15. This element has a smaller radius than Silicon.

Argon is the most on the right in period 3, so it has the smallest radius of all these elements.

Na> Mg > Si > P > Ar

Final answer:

The correct order of the given elements, according to increasing atomic radius, is Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar. This order is determined by their positions in the periodic table, with atomic radius increasing down a group and decreasing across a period.

Explanation:

The correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si, and Ar is determined by the position of each element in the periodic table. Atomic radius generally increases down a group as more electron shells are added, and it decreases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer. This leads us to the correct order:

Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar

Here, sodium (Na) has the largest atomic radius as it is in the third period and is a group 1 element (alkali metal). Magnesium (Mg) follows, being in the same period as sodium but in group 2, leading it to have a slightly smaller radius. Silicon (Si) and Phosphorus (P) are in the same period but are further to the right, which means they have a smaller atomic radius due to increased nuclear charge. Argon (Ar), being a noble gas with a complete electron shell in its period, has the smallest atomic radius due to its larger nuclear charge compared to the others.

Answer:

Hi, the statements given in the question (a and b) are combination of right and wrong answers. But i will split the statement a and b into necessary fragments.

Carbohydrates are quick source of energy relatively. That is the only correct statement in the question.

Explanation:

Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the general formula (Cx H2y Oy) or Cx (H2O)y. They can be classified into simple sugar or complex sugar.

Simple sugars can be further divided into Monosaccharides (e.g glucose, fructose and galactose) and Disaccharides (e.g sucrose and maltose).

Complex sugar can be referred to as Polysaccharides (e.g cellulose and starch)

The statement above that says carbohydrate contains carbon,  hydrogen and nitrogen polymers is not correct.

Carbohydrates are not mostly monosaccharides. They also contain Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.

They are not the only source of fuel.

Answer:

quick source of energy

most are monosaccharides

Explanation:

YW!

Answer:

It will reach to its maximum volume.

Explanation:

Using Ideal gas equation for same mole of gas as :-

[tex] \frac {{P_1}\times {V_1}}{T_1}=\frac {{P_2}\times {V_2}}{T_2}[/tex]

Given ,  

V₁ = 65.0 mL

V₂ = ?

P₁ = 745 torr

The conversion of P(torr) to P(atm) is shown below:

[tex]P(torr)=\frac {1}{760}\times P(atm)[/tex]

So,  

Pressure = 745 / 760 atm = 0.9803 atm

P₁ = 0.9803 atm

P₂ = 0.066 atm

T₁ = 25 ºC

T₂ = -5 ºC

The conversion of T( °C) to T(K) is shown below:

T(K) = T( °C) + 273.15  

So,  

T₁ = (25 + 273.15) K = 298.15 K  

T₂ = (-5 + 273.15) K = 268.15 K  

Using above equation as:

[tex] \frac {{P_1}\times {V_1}}{T_1}=\frac {{P_2}\times {V_2}}{T_2}[/tex]

[tex] \frac{{0.9803}\times {65.0}}{298.15}=\frac{{0.066}\times {V_2}}{268.15}[/tex]

Solving for V₂ as:-

[tex]V_2=\frac{0.9803\times \:65.0\times 268.15}{298.15\times 0.066}[/tex]

[tex]V_2=\frac{17086.38392}{19.6779}[/tex]

V₂ = 868 L

Given that:- V max = 835 L

Thus, it will reach to its maximum volume.

Answer:

B) Water turns into water vapor when the water molecules get enough energy to move from the liquid phase to the gas phase.

Explanation:

Process of elimination!

A) can't be correct because water vapor is a gas and water is the liquid so it just doesn't make sense

C) Water vapor isn't a chemical reaction you can reverse water paper

D) Water most defentiely CAN become water vapor (it's in the name)

Leaving B! Another way to tell is as the water cycle goes on the more crazy the molecules get. With solids they barely move, liquids slightly more movement but still like a shape, and gas is just completely crazy.

The question is incomplete but I will provide definitions of the different branches . I hope that will help anyone who has questions

Answer:

Physical Chemistry focuses on macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and observable phenomena in chemicals

Organic Chemistry focuses on chemicals containing carbon except the oxides, carbonates and hydrogencarbonates.

Inorganic Chemistry focuses on all chemicals that organic chemistry does not address.

Analytical Chemistry focuses on the composition of matter. Separation, composition, quantification

analyze an unknown material in order to determine its various components.

Biochemistry focuses on chemical processes that occur in living things.

The question is incomplete but I will provide definitions of the different branches . I hope that will help anyone who has questions

Answer:

Physical Chemistry focuses on macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and observable phenomena in chemicals

Organic Chemistry focuses on chemicals containing carbon except the oxides, carbonates and hydrogencarbonates.

Inorganic Chemistry focuses on all chemicals that organic chemistry does not address.

Analytical Chemistry focuses on the composition of matter. Separation, composition, quantification

analyze an unknown material in order to determine its various components.

Biochemistry focuses on chemical processes that occur in living things.

Answer:

There will be produced 9L of CH4 and 18 L of H2S. There will remain 3 L of CS2

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

volume of H2 = 36.00 L

volume of CS2 = 12 L

Step 2 = the balanced equation

4H2(g) + CS2(g) → CH4(g) + 2H2S(g)

Step 3: Calculate number of moles of H2

1 mol = 22.4 L

36 L = 1.607 mol

Step 4: Calculate moles of CS2

1 mol = 22.4 L

12 L = 0.5357 moles

Step 5: Calculate the limiting reactant

For 4 moles of H2 we need 1 mol of CS2 to produce 1 mol of CH4 and 2 moles of H2S

H2 is the limiting reactant. It will completely be consumed. ( 1.607 moles)

CS2 is in excess. There will react 1.607/4 = 0.40175 moles

There will remain 0.5357 - 0.40175 = 0.13395 moles of CS2

0.13395 moles of CS2 = 3 L

Step 6: Calculate products

For 4 moles of H2 we need 1 mol of CS2 to produce 1 mol of CH4 and 2 moles of H2S

For 1.607 moles of H2 we'll have 0.40175 moles of CH4 (= 9L) and 0.8035 moles of H2S =(18L)

There will be produced 9L of CH4 and 18 L of H2S. There will remain 3 L of CS2

Answer:

b.In the Bohr model of an atom, an electron's path follows a defined orbit around the nucleus.

Explanation:

Neil's Bohr was working with Ernest Rutherford on the theoretical aspects of atomic structure. He was highly impressed by Rutherford's new atomic model in which electrons revolved around the nucleus located at the centre. He could not understand the analogy between the Rutherford model and the movement of the planets around the sun, because the planets are electrically neutral while the electrons are heavily charged with negative electricity.

From the theory of electricity, we also known that revolving electric charge always emits electromagnetic waves. The emission of electromagnetic waves must result in the loss of energy by the emitting particle and this led the electrons in the Rutherford model spiral toward the central nucleus.

Bohr Model of an atom therefore postulate that;

an electron's path  follows a defined orbit around the nucleus.

an electron did not radiate energy if stayed in one orbit.

Final answer:

The true reworded statement is that in the Bohr model of an atom, an electron's path follows a defined orbit around the nucleus. Bohr's model represents electrons in distinct circular orbits, a concept overtaken by the probability-based quantum mechanical model.

Explanation:

To reword the false statement so it is true, the correct answer is: In the Bohr model of an atom, an electron's path follows a defined orbit around the nucleus. The Bohr model is an early model of atomic structure in which electrons travel in distinct circular orbits around the nucleus, with each orbit corresponding to a specific energy level. This is analogous to the rungs of a ladder, where an electron can be on one rung or another but not in between. It's important to note that this model has been superseded by the quantum mechanical model, in which the probability of an electron's location is described by orbitals, not fixed paths.

Answer:

Options A and C

Explanation:

In chemistry, an ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding. The compound is neutral overall, but consists of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions.

Option A - This is correct because In ionic compounds, electrons are tightly held by the ions, and the ions cannot move translationally relative to each other. This explains many properties of ionic solids. They are hard and brittle.

Option B and E - This is incorrect. Due to the electrons being tightly held and the ions not being able to move translationally,  they are not malleable or ductile (i.e. cannot be shaped without cracking/breaking).

Option C - Ionic compounds have high melting points because there is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions and hence a large amount of energy is required to break the strong bonding force between ions. This option is correct.

Option D - Ionic cmpounds have High Boiling point so this option is wrong.

Answer:

The "unit" remaining after conversion is atoms.

This is a way to calculate the number of atoms, in an specific mass.

Explanation:

When you have a mass, multiplying the molar mass, "grams" are cancelled, so you finally obtained, number of moles.

Moles . atoms/mol, cancel the word mol so you will find out a number of atoms, present at the mass from, the begining.

For example, how many atoms are in 10 g of NaCl

Molar mass NaCl = Na mass + Cl mass

23 + 35.45 = 58.45 g/m

10 g . 1 / 58.45 mol/g  . NA/ 1 mol = 3.42x10²⁰ atoms

NA = Avogadro number

Answer:

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Magnesium = Mg

Oxygen = O2

magnesiumoxide = MgO

Step 2: The unbalanced equation

Mg + O2 → MgO

Step 3: Balancing the equation

On the left we have 2x O so on there right, we should mulitply MgO by 2 so we have on each side 2x O

Mg + O2 → 2MgO

On hte right side we have 2x Mg, so we have to multiply on the left side Mg by 2 to have the same amount of Mg on both sides

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Now the equation is balanced

The balanced chemical equation for magnesium reacting with oxygen to form magnesium oxide is 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO.

Magnesium reacts with oxygen gas to form magnesium oxide, and the balanced chemical equation that represents this reaction is 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO. In this reaction, magnesium (Mg) is oxidized, and oxygen (O2) is reduced. Magnesium, being a highly reactive metal, combines with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide, where two atoms of magnesium react with one molecule of oxygen to yield two formula units of magnesium oxide.

Answer:

30.25°C

Explanation:

The calorimeter is an equipment used to measure the combustion enthalpy of a substance. The heat loss in the reaction is used to heat the water and the equipment. By the conservation of energy:

Qcombustion + Qcalorimeter + Qwater = 0

Because there is no phase change:

Qcalorimeter = C*ΔT, where C is the heat capacity, and ΔT the variation in temperature (final - initial)

Qwater = m*c*ΔT, where m is the mass, and c is the specific heat (4.184 J/g°C).

The molar mass of lactose is 342.3 g/mol, so the number of moles in 2.50 g is:

n = mass/molar mass

n = 2.50/342.3

n = 0.0073 mol

Qcombustion = -5652 kJ/mol * 0.0073 mol

Qcombustion = -41.28 kJ

Qcombustion = - 41280 J

Thus,

-41280 + 1630*(T - 24.58) + 1350*4.184*(T - 24.58) = 0

(T - 24.58) * (1630 + 5648.4) = 41280

7278.4(T - 24.58) = 41280

T - 24.58 = 5.67

T = 30.25°C

The student needs to calculate the final temperature of water in a calorimeter after lactose combustion by using the initial temperature, lactose's enthalpy of combustion, and heat released by the combustion is absorbed by the water and calorimeter, raising their temperature.

The student wants to calculate the final temperature of water in a calorimeter after burning a 2.50 g sample of lactose with an enthalpy of combustion of -5652 kJ/mol. To solve this, we need to find the amount of heat absorbed by the water and calorimeter, which can be calculated using the specific heat capacities of water and the calorimeter and the mass of the water.

First, the number of moles of lactose combusted is found by dividing the mass in grams (2.50 g) by the molar mass of lactose ($C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$). Then, the total heat released by the combustion of lactose is calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the enthalpy of combustion. Since the heat of combustion is expressed in kJ/mol, and the heat capacity of the calorimeter is in J/°C, we must ensure our units are consistent when calculating the energy absorbed by the water and calorimeter. The final temperature is obtained by adding the temperature change to the initial temperature of 24.58°C.

Given the initial temperature and the enthalpy of combustion of lactose, the final temperature can be found after determining the heat transferred to the water and calorimeter.

Answer:

D. poor conductors of electricity.

Explanation:

Because metallic bonds permit one plane of ions to slide past another without breaking bonds, metals are poor conductors of electricity. Therefore, option D is correct.

A metal is a substance that exhibits a shiny appearance when freshly processed, polished, or shattered, and conducts electricity and heat rather well. Generally speaking, metals are malleable and ductile. These characteristics are the outcome of the metallic link that exists between the metal's atoms or molecules.

Ferrous metals, which include iron, and non-ferrous metals, which do not, are the two basic categories into which metals can be separated. Iron-based metals. Pure iron is too soft and ductile to be much use as an engineering material.

Metals have high melting and boiling temperatures because they have massive lattice structures and must break a huge number of electrostatic forces.

Thus, option D is correct.

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11. This is a synthesis reaction forming cadmium sulfide.

[tex]\[ Cd + S \rightarrow CdS \][/tex]

12. This is a decomposition reaction of potassium carbonate.

[tex]\[ K_2CO_3 \rightarrow K_2O + CO_2 \][/tex]

13. This is a single replacement reaction where sodium reacts with water.

[tex]\[ 2Na + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2NaOH + H_2 \][/tex]

14. This is a double displacement reaction forming lead(II) acetate and silver sulfide.

[tex]\[ Pb(C_2H_3O_2)_4 + 4Ag_2S \rightarrow 4Pb(C_2H_3O_2)_2 + 4Ag_2S \][/tex]

15. This is a double displacement reaction forming iron(II) hydroxide and ammonium sulfate.

[tex]\[ FeSO_4 + 2NH_4OH \rightarrow Fe(OH)_2 + (NH_4)_2SO_4 \][/tex]

Sure, here are explanations for each reaction:

11. Synthesis Reaction: This is a synthesis reaction where two elements, cadmium (Cd) and sulfur (S), combine to form a compound, cadmium sulfide (CdS). Synthesis reactions involve the combination of two or more substances to form a single compound.

12. Decomposition Reaction: This is a decomposition reaction where potassium carbonate (K2CO3) breaks down into simpler substances, potassium oxide (K2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), upon heating. Decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances.

13. Single Replacement Reaction: This is a single replacement reaction where sodium (Na) reacts with water (H2O) to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). In single replacement reactions, one element replaces another element in a compound.

14. Double Displacement Reaction: This is a double displacement reaction where lead(II) acetate [Pb(C2H3O2)4] reacts with silver sulfide (Ag2S) to form lead(II) sulfide [Pb(C2H3O2)2] and silver acetate (Ag2C2H3O2). Double displacement reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds to form two new compounds.

15. Double Displacement Reaction: This is another double displacement reaction where iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) reacts with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) to form iron(II) hydroxide (Fe(OH)2) and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]. Like the previous reaction, double displacement reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds to form two new compounds.

Answer: (B.) The reaction rate is highest when sodium powder is used.

Explanation:

Five factors that affect the rate of reactions are : Temperature, concentration, nature of catalyst, chemical nature of reactants and  nature of subdivision of particles (heavier size versus smaller or powdered particles).

Nature of subdivision of particles :

Since reactions occur at the boundary between two phases therefore tyhe rate of reaction depends on surface contact available between them. A powdered particle has generally more surface area than the particle in solid form.

Answer:

None of these

Explanation:

[tex]O_2[/tex]:-

Valence electrons of oxygen = 6

The total number of the valence electrons  = 2(6) = 12

The Lewis structure is drawn in such a way that the octet of each atom and duet for the hydrogen in the molecule is complete. So, The Lewis structure is shown in image below.

Formula for formal charge :

[tex]\text{Formal charge}=\text{Valence electrons}-\text{Non-bonding electrons}-\frac{\text{Bonding electrons}}{2}[/tex]

Formal charge for oxygen:

[tex]\text{Formal charge}=6-4-\frac{4}{2}=0[/tex]

From the structure,

Number of bond pairs = 4 (Double bond)

Number of lone pairs = 4

Hence, the correct option is:-   None of these

The Lewis dot structure for O2 can be represented as :O=O:, featuring a double bond and six lone pairs. Therefore, the correct description is option D.

The Lewis dot structure for O2 (oxygen molecule) can be represented as :O=O: which depicts two oxygen atoms bonded together. Each oxygen atom has six valence electrons. When forming a molecule of O2, one pair of these electrons is shared to form a double bond between the atoms, and two separate pairs remain aloof on each oxygen atom, which are referred to as lone pairs. Therefore, the correct option that describes the structure of the whole molecule is D. There is a double bond and six lone pairs.

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Final answer:

The volume of the tank is approximately 0.735 liters. Approximately 2.41 grams of chlorine gas has leaked out of the tank.

Explanation:

(a) Determining the volume of the tank:

To solve for the volume of the tank, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Rearranging the equation to solve for V:
V = (nRT) / P
Plugging in the given values:
m = 12.0 g (mass of Cl2)
Molar mass of Cl2 = 70.9 g/mol
Number of moles (n) = m / Molar mass = 12.0 g / 70.9 g/mol
R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) (ideal gas constant)
T = 81°C + 273.15 (converting to Kelvin)
P = 5.90 × 10^5 Pa
Substituting in the values and calculating, we find:
V = ((12.0 g / 70.9 g/mol) * (8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (354.15 K)) / (5.90 × 10^5 Pa)
V = 0.735 L
So, the volume of the tank is approximately 0.735 liters.

(b) Calculating the amount of leaked chlorine gas:

To find the amount of chlorine gas that has leaked out of the tank, we can use the ideal gas law equation again. The number of moles of the leaked gas can be calculated by using the initial volume, pressure, and temperature, and then the final pressure and temperature of the tank. We can then convert the number of moles to grams using the molar mass of chlorine.

Rearranging the ideal gas law equation to solve for the number of moles (n):
n = (PV) / (RT)
Plugging in the given values for the initial conditions:
P = 5.90 × 10^5 Pa
V = 0.735 L
T = 81°C + 273.15 (converting to Kelvin)
R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)
Calculating the initial number of moles:
nInitial = ((5.90 × 10^5 Pa) * (0.735 L)) / ((8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (354.15 K))

For the final conditions:
P = 2.60 × 10^5 Pa
T = 29°C + 273.15 (converting to Kelvin)

Calculating the final number of moles:
nFinal = ((2.60 × 10^5 Pa) * (0.735 L)) / ((8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (302.15 K))

Subtracting the final number of moles from the initial number of moles will give us the amount of leaked chlorine gas:
Amount of leaked gas (in moles) = nInitial - nFinal
Finally, we can convert the amount of leaked gas from moles to grams using the molar mass of chlorine (70.9 g/mol):
Amount of leaked gas (in grams) = (Amount of leaked gas in moles) * (Molar mass of chlorine)

Substituting the calculated values and solving, we get:
Amount of leaked gas (in grams) = ((5.90 × 10^5 Pa) * (0.735 L) / ((8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (354.15 K))) - ((2.60 × 10^5 Pa) * (0.735 L) / ((8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (302.15 K))) * (70.9 g/mol)
Amount of leaked gas (in grams) ≈ 2.41 g
So, approximately 2.41 grams of chlorine gas has leaked out of the tank.

To calculate the speed of sound in a freshwater lake, use the formula Speed of sound = Frequency x Wavelength. Given a frequency of 349.2 Hz and a wavelength of 4.25 m, the speed of sound in the water is 1483.7 m/s.

Speed of sound = Frequency x Wavelength

Given Frequency = 349.2 Hz, Wavelength = 4.25 m

Speed of sound = 349.2 Hz x 4.25 m = 1483.7 m/s

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The physical and chemical properties of a substance depend on the nature of intermolecular forces between its molecules. For instance, water has a high boiling point because of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Liquid water is denser than ice because of the difference in the nature of hydrogen bonding in liquid water and ice.

Final answer:

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water. - True

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force that naturally occurs between water molecules when the positive hydrogen end of one molecule is attracted to the negative oxygen end of another molecule. These bonds significantly impact water's physical properties.

For instance, they are why water remains liquid over a wide range of temperatures, why water has a high boiling point relative to its molecular weight, and why it is known as the universal solvent. In short, hydrogen bonding is essential for the many unique properties of water that are crucial for life on Earth.

Answer:

A) 0.003512 moles

B)

Carbon =  0.04214 moles

Hydrogen = 0.07726 moles

Oxygen = 0.03863 moles

C) Carbon = 2.54*10^22 atoms

Hydrogen =  4.65 *10^22 atoms

Oxygen = 2.33 * 10^22 atoms

Explanation:

Step1: Data given

Mass of sucrose = 1.202 grams

Molar mass of sucrose = 342.3 g/mol

Step 2: Calculate moles of sucrose

Moles sucrose = mass / molar mass

Moles sucrose = 1.202 grams / 342.3 g/mol

Moles sucrose = 0.003512 moles

Step 3: Calculate the moles of each element in C12H22O11.

For 1 mol of sucrose we have 12 mol of carbon, 22 mol of hydrogen and 11 mol of oxygen

Carbon = 12*0.003512 = 0.04214 moles

Hydrogen = 22* 0.003512 = 0.07726 moles

Oxygen = 11* 0.003512 = 0.03863 moles

Step 4: Calculate the number of atoms of each type in C12H22O11.

Carbon = 0.04214 moles * 6.022*10^23/mol = 2.54*10^22 atoms

Hydrogen = 0.07726 moles * 6.022*10^23/mol = 4.65 *10^22 atoms

Oxygen = 0.03863 moles * 6.022*10^23/mol = 2.33 * 10^22 atoms

The element with the correct symbol for the ion, and the name of the ion has been fluorine, [tex]\rm F^-[/tex],  Fluoride. ion. The correct option is a.

The elements tend to attain the stable electronic configuration and acquire the noble gas configuration. The elements gain electrons and acquire a -ve charge while losing electrons attain a +ve charge onto the element.

The IUPAC nomenclature gives the addition '-ide' as a suffix to the metal losing electrons.

Thus, the element with the correct symbol for the ion, and the name of the ion has been fluorine, [tex]\rm F^-[/tex],  Fluoride. ion. The correct option is a.

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Answer:

In order to determine the rate at which the sediment layers were deposited

Explanation:

Iridium is an important element that belongs to the Platinum group and they are dominantly present in the asteroids and comets. They are the key evidence that suggests the occurrence of an asteroidal impact or a mass extinction event that has taken place in the geological past.

The presence of Iridium mixed with the clay sediments in the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary (K-T boundary) suggested the mass extinction event that wiped out numerous life forms from the earth.

The famous scientist Dr. Luis Walter Alvarez suggested measuring the concentration of Iridium in this K-T boundary in order to determine the rate at which these sediment layers were deposited. They were able to determine that these Iridium elements were present due to the asteroid impact on earth, that wiped out the dinosaurs from the earth. They also considered that this element can be produced from the eruptions of volcanoes.

Answer:

The presence of Iridium mixed with the clay sediments in the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary (K-T boundary) suggested the mass extinction event that wiped out numerous life forms from the earth.

The famous scientist Dr. Luis Walter Alvarez suggested measuring the concentration of Iridium in this K-T boundary in order to determine the rate at which these sediment layers were deposited. They were able to determine that these Iridium elements were present due to the asteroid impact on earth, that wiped out the dinosaurs from the earth. They also considered that this element can be produced from the eruptions of volcanoes.

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Explanation:Iridium is a component of cosmic dust that rains down upon the earth at a constant rate. Why did Luis Alvarez suggest measuring iridium levels in the K-T boundary?

A ration, Nitrogen to Hydrogen, of 1 : 3 would result in no left-over reactants

Explanation:

This is because Nitrogen and Hydrogen would react to form ammonia as shown in the following reaction below;

N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH₃ (g)

For every mole of Nitrogen gas, you would require 3 moles of Hydrogen gas. This way they would react to form Ammonia with no leftover reactants.

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Answer:

C. two atoms of oxygen.

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Silicon has 14 electrons

Silicon is part of Group IV, all the elements there have 4 valence electrons.

It can form a compound when 4 valence electrons bind with the 4 valence elctrons of silicon

A. four atoms of calcium.

Calcium has 2 valence elctrons. 4 atoms of calcium cannot bind on 1 atom of silicon since there are only 4 valence electrons.

B. one atom of chlorine.

1 atom of chlorine has 7 valence electrons. Chlorine can bind with an atom with 1 valence electron. Since silicon has 4 valence electrons, they will not bind.

Silicon can bind with 4 atoms of chlorine to form SiCl4

C. two atoms of oxygen.

Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, this means oxygen can bind with an element with 2 valence electrons.

Since silicon has 4 valence electrons, it can bind with 2 atoms of oxygen to form SiO2 (silicon dioxide).

D. three atoms of hydrogen.

Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. 1 hydrogen atom can bind with an element that has 7 valence electrons.

Three atoms of hydrogen can bind with an element that has 5 valence electrons.

Silicon will not bind with 3 atoms of hydrogen ( but can bind with 4 atoms of hydrogen)