Which metal is the best choice for recovering copper (reacting with copper) from the solution? Fe, Ag, Zn, or Al

Answer:

A) I (s)

Explanation:

Intermolecular forces are weaker forces of attractions or repulsion that exist between particles (atom or molecules). The intermolecular force of attraction that exist between the halogen family(Florine, Bromine, Chlorine & Iodine) are the van der Waal dispersion forces also known as (london dispersion forces) and they are the weakest force of attraction.

As we move further down the group, there are more greater electrons which move around and these electrons represents and form the temporary dipoles that create these van der Waal dispersion forces.

Another key point concerning the van der Waal dispersion forces is the melting point and the boiling point. Since melting points and boiling point of the halogen family increases down the group because of increase in molecular weight, The stronger the intermolecular force of attraction down the group.

We can therefore conclude that the intermolecular force of attraction is strongest in Iodine I(s) because intermolecular force increases down the group.

In pure water, the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions and hydronium (H3O+) ions are equal due to the nature of water's dissociation, making it a neutral substance. It doesn't prefer the production of one ion over the other. Although it conducts electricity, pure water is a weak electrolyte.

The correct statement about pure water is that (A) it contains equal amounts of hydroxide, [OH-], and hydronium, [H3O+], ions. When water dissociates, it produces equal amounts of OH-, the hydroxide ion, and H3O+, the hydronium ion. This balance exists because pure water is neutral (has a pH of 7), so it doesn't favor the production of one ion over the other. Neither option (B) nor (C) are correct because they suggest an imbalance that wouldn't exist in pure water. Option (D) is incorrect as well because while pure water does conduct electricity, it's a very weak electrolyte compared to many other solutions.

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Propyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon because it contains a carbon-to-carbon triple bond, distinguishing it from saturated hydrocarbons like Methane and Nonane, which only contain single bonds.

In Chemistry, hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. They are classified into two main types: saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons have all single bonds and are fully saturated with hydrogen. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds.

A is the correct answer. Propyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon because it contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms. On the other hand, Methane and Nonane are saturated hydrocarbons because they only have single bonds connecting their carbon and hydrogen atoms. Methyl is a part of many hydrocarbons but itself is not a complete hydrocarbon.

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Final answer:

An FeCl3 solution is yellow, KSCN solution is colorless, and mixing these two forms a blood-red solution due to the formation of FeSCN2+.

Explanation:

The color of an FeCl3 solution would be yellow, as FeCl3 contains Fe3+ ions, which are yellow in aqueous solution. A KSCN solution would be colorless because both the potassium ions (K+) and the thiocyanate ions (SCN-) are colorless in solution.

When FeCl3 and KSCN are mixed, the solution becomes blood-red due to the formation of FeSCN2+, which is the product of the chemical reaction between Fe3+ and SCN- ions.

1. An FeCl₃ solution would be yellow.

2. A KSCN solution would be colorless.

3. Mixing FeCl₃ and KSCN would produce a blood-red color due to the formation of the Fe(SCN)²⁺ complex.

Let's answer the questions based on the given equilibrium reaction: Fe³⁺(aq) (yellow) + SCN⁻(aq) (colorless) ⇌ Fe(SCN)²⁺(aq) (blood-red).

Ans 1. An FeCl₃ solution would be yellow due to the presence of Fe³⁺ ions in the solution.

Ans 2. A KSCN solution would be colorless because SCN⁻ ions are colorless in solution.

Ans 3. When you mix FeCl₃ and KSCN, the resulting solution will be blood-red. This is because Fe³⁺ ions react with SCN⁻ ions to form the Fe(SCN)²⁺ complex, which gives a blood-red color.

Explanation:

Wind turbines generate electricity by following simple principle. Moving wind transfers energy to the to the blades of the wind mill which results in spinning of the blades. These blades are connected to internal shaft which also starts spinning. This spinning of shaft generates electricity which is further distributed to electrical substations to provide electricity to homes and businesses.

Step 1: Wind moves the blades of the turbine.

Step 2: Internal shaft spins

Step 3: Generator produces electricity

Step 4: Distribution lines carry electricity to substation

Answer:

Explanation:

1 . Wind moves the blades of the turbine .

2. Internal shaft spins .

3. Generator produces electricity .

4. Distribution lines carry electricity to substations .

If a neutral atom loses electrons, type of particle which  is formed is a positively charged ion.

An ion is defined as an atom or a molecule which has a net electrical charge. There are 2 types of ions :1) cation 2) anion . The cation is the positively charged ion and anion is the negatively charged ion . As they are oppositely charged they attract each resulting in the formation of ionic bond.

Ions consisting of single atom are mono-atomic ions while which consists of two or more ions are called as poly-atomic ions . They are created by chemical interactions . They are very reactive in their gaseous state and rapidly react with oppositely charged ions resulting in neutral molecules.

Ions combine which are of opposite charges to form an ionic compound which are hard and good conductors of electricity.

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 The  limiting  reagent  is   H₂SO₄

   calculation

Step 1 :write the equation for reaction

2 NaOH + H₂SO₄  → Na₂SO₄   + 2 H₂O

Step  2: use the mole ratio to determine the  moles of product  produced from each reactant

that is   from  equation above,

NaOH : Na₂SO₄  is 2 :1 therefore the  moles of Na₂So₄

= 10.0 moles x 1/2 =  5.0 moles

H₂SO₄ :Na₂SO₄  is 1:1 therefore the moles  of Na₂SO₄  is also = 3.50 moles

H₂SO₄  is the limiting reagent since  it produces  less amount of Na₂SO₄

Answer:

49.30 L

Explanation:

1. Write the chemical equation.

Ratio:    2 L                 2 L

           2NO +O₂ ⟶ 2NO₂

V/L:       56

=====

2. Calculate the volume of NO₂.

We can use Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes to solve this problem.

According to the law, 2 L of NO₂ are formed from 2 L of NO.

Then, the conversion factor is (2 L NO₂/2 L NO).

Volume of NO₂ = 56 × 2/2

Volume of NO₂ = 56 L

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The amplitude of a wave is directly proportional to the energy it carries. Amplitude is the distance of displacement, by a particle of the wave, in the media in which it travels. The higher the energy in the wave the higher the amplitude and vice versa.  The frequency and wavelength of the wave (which are dependent on the type of wave) remain unchanged even with the change in amplitude.

Some of the waves energy is always being dissipated as heat which will reduce the waves amplitude.

Those waves which carry energy in it in any form is known as waves energy, e.g. ocean waves, wind waves, etc.

Waves will carry energy in it and show their energy can be noticed in the form of their movement. When waves carry low amount of energy then they do not show much movement as compare to the waves which carry high energy. So, we conclude that wave energy is directly proportional to the amplitude, i.e. more energy results in more displacement of particle from their mean position in the medium.

Hence, option (a) is correct i.e. when amplitude reduces, some of the waves energy is always being dissipated as heat.

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The quantum mechanical model is based on quantum theory, which illustrates that matter also exhibit characteristics related to waves. On the basis of quantum theory, it is impossible to determine the accurate momentum and position of an electron at a similar time. This is called the uncertainty principle.  

The quantum mechanical model of the atom utilizes composite configurations of orbitals, also known as electron clouds, the volumes of space in which there is a probability to be an electron. Thus, in spite of certainty, this model is based on probability.  

Answer:

the model of atoms that shows what an atom would really look like and the probability field of the electron.

Explanation:

I believe that correct answer is ligaments

There are 2.408 × 10²⁴ atoms in 4 moles of oxygen.

HOW TO CALCULATE NUMBER OF ATOMS:

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Xenon atoms occupy about 27.5% of the total volume in a sample of xenon gas at STP due to their packing.

To calculate the fraction of space that xenon (Xe) atoms occupy in a sample of xenon at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), we can use the concept of the packing fraction.

This fraction represents the volume occupied by the Xe atoms compared to the total volume of the sample.

1. Calculate the volume of one xenon atom:

  Given the atomic radius (r) of xenon as 1.3 angstroms, we need to find the volume of a single Xe atom. The formula for the volume of a sphere is [tex]V = (4/3)\pi r^3[/tex], where r is the radius.

2. Calculate the volume occupied by one mole of Xe atoms:

3. Convert the volume to liters:

4. Calculate the total volume of one mole of Xe gas at STP:

5. Calculate the packing fraction:

Therefore, xenon atoms occupy approximately 27.5% of the total volume in a sample of xenon gas at STP.

  The empirical   formula  of hydrocarbon is C₃H₈

The  molecular formula of hydrocarbon   is C₆H₁₆

Empirical  formula  calculation

Hydrocarbon  contain  carbon and hydrogen

  Step 1:  find the  mass  carbon (C) in carbon dioxide (CO₂)  and hydrogen (H )  in water

mass of  of element = molar mass  of element/ molar mass molecule x total mass of    molecule

From periodic table the molar mass  of C =12,    for CO₂ = 12+( 16 x2) =44 g/mol,     for H = 1.00 g/mol,    for H₂O = (2 x1)+16 = 18 g/mol

mass of C = 12/44 x 2.641 =0.7203 g

since there are 2 atom  of H in H₂O the molar mass of H = 1 x2 = 2 g/mol

mass of H  is therefore =  2/18 x 1.442 =0.1602 g

Step 2:  find the moles of C and H

moles = mass÷ molar mass

moles of C = 0.7203 g÷ 12 g/mol = 0.060  moles

moles of H  =  0.1602÷ 1 g/mol = 0.1602 moles

Step 3: find the mole ratio  of C and H by dividing  each  mole by smallest mole ( 0.06)

for C = 0.06/0.06 =1

  For H = 0.1602/0.06 =2.67

multiply   by 3  to remove the decimal

For C = 1 x3 =3

For H = 2.67 x3 =8

therefore the empirical formula = C₃H₈

The molecular formula calculation

[C₃H₈]n  = 88.1 g/mol

[12 x 3)+( 1 x8)]n =88.1 g/mol

44 n = 88.1

divide both side by 44

n=2

therefore [C₃H₈]₂   = C₆H₁₆

1) Answer is: the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon is C₃H₈.

Chemical reaction: CₓHₐ + O₂ → xC + a/2H₂O.

m(CO₂) = 2.641 g.; mass of carbon dioxide.

n(CO₂) = m(CO₂) ÷ M(CO₂).

n(CO₂) = 2.641 g ÷ 44.01 g/mol.

n(CO₂) = n(C) = 0.06 mol; amount of carbon.

m(H₂O) = 1.442 g.

n(H₂O) = 1.442 g ÷ 18 g/mol.

n(H₂O) = 0.08 mol.

n(H) = 2 · n(H₂O) = 0.16 mol; amount of hydrogen.

n(C) : n(H) = 0.06 mol : 0.16 mol /0.06 mol.

n(C) : n(H) = 1 : 2. 67 /×3.

n(C) : n(H) = 3 : 8.

2) Answer is: the molecular formula of hydrocarbon is C₆H₁₆.

M(C₃H₈) = 44.05 g/mol; molar mass of empirical formula.

M(CₓHₐ) = 88.1 g/mol; molar mass of hydrocarbon.

M(CₓHₐ) ÷ M(C₃H₈) = 88.1 g/mol ÷ 44.05 g/mol.

M(CₓHₐ) ÷ M(C₃H₈) = 2.

The molar mass of hydrocarbon is two times higher than molar mass of empirical formula, so number of carbon atoms is six and number of hydrogen atoms sixteen.

1) Answer is: the oxidation number of manganese in MnO₄⁻ is +7.

Permanganate anion has negative charge 1-.

Oxygen (O) in permanganate anion has oxidation number -2.

x + 4 · (-2) = -1.

x - 8 = -1.

x = +7; oxidation nzmber of manganese.

Oxidation number shows the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound.

2) Answer is: Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu.

In this chemical reaction, there is transfer of electrons from zinc (Zn) to copper (Cu). Zinc change oxidation number from 0 to +2 (lost electrons) and copper change oxidation number from +2 to 0 (gain electrons).

Oxidation half reaction: Zn⁰ → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻.

Reduction half reaction: Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu⁰.

In other chemical reactions, there is no change of oxidation number of elements.

3) Answer is: Br2 is the oxidizing agent because its oxidation number decreases.

Balanced chemical reaction: 2Al + 3Br₂ → 2AlBr₃.

In this chemical reaction, aluminium change oxidation number from 0 to +3 (lose electrons) and bromine change oxidation number from 0 to -1 (gain electrons, reduced).

Oxidizing agent is a substance that has the ability to oxidize other substances, to cause them to lose electrons.

In oxido-reduction reaction, at least one element lose and one element gain electrons.

4) Answer is: Br2 + 2Cl− → Cl2 + 2Br⁻.

Oxidation is increase of oxidation number.

In this balanced chemical reaction, chlorine change oxidation number from -1 (Cl⁻) to oxidation number 0 (Cl₂).

Oxidation half reaction: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂⁰ + 2e⁻.

Reduction half reaction: Br₂ + 2e⁻ → 2Br⁻.

In other chemical reactions, chlorine is reduced.

5) Answer is: Observation 1 is a result of copper ions moving into the solution.

The reactivity series is a series of metals from highest to lowest reactivity. Metal higher in the reactivity series will displace another.

Copper (Cu) is higher in activity series than silver (Ag), so copper lose electron and silver gain electrons.

Copper is oxidized (increase of oxidation number) and silver is reduced.

The oxidation number of manganese in MnO4− is +7. A reaction that can power a battery is Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu. Chlorine is oxidized in the reaction 2ClO3− + 12H+ → Cl2 + 6H2O, and observation 1 in an experiment with copper and silver nitrate indicates copper ions moving into the solution.

The oxidation number of manganese in MnO4− is +7. In this compound, oxygen has a typical oxidation state of -2, and because the compound has an overall charge of -1, the oxidation number of manganese can be calculated using the equation: Mn + 4(×-2) = -1, which gives Mn a oxidation state of +7.

The reaction that could be used to power a battery is Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu. In this redox reaction, zinc is oxidized, going from Zn to Zn2+, and copper is reduced, going from Cu2+ to Cu, allowing for the transfer of electrons necessary to generate electric current.

The oxidizing agent in the reaction 2Al + 3Br2 → 2AlBr3 is Br2, because it is reduced, with its oxidation number decreasing from 0 in Br2 to -1 in AlBr3.

Chlorine (Cl) is oxidized in the reaction 2ClO3− + 12H+ → Cl2 + 6H2O. Here, the chlorine goes from an oxidation state of +5 in ClO3− to 0 in Cl2.

The correct explanation for one of the observations in the experiment with the silver nitrate solution and the copper strip is that Observation 1 is a result of copper ions moving into the solution. When the copper strip is placed in the silver nitrate solution, it undergoes oxidation, and Cu atoms lose electrons to form Cu2+ ions, which then cause the solution to turn blue.

Answer: The accurate formula is [tex]Na_2O[/tex].

Explanation: Atomic no of Sodium is 11. The electronic configuration is:

Na: [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^1[/tex]

Atomic no of Oxygen is 8. The electronic configuration is:

O: [tex]1s^22s^22p^4[/tex]

Thus sodium needs to lose one electron in order to attain noble gas configuration and Oxygen needs to gain two electrons to attain noble gas configuration.

Thus Na will lose one electron to form [tex]Na^+[/tex] and Oxygen gain two electrons to form [tex]O^{2-}[/tex]. In order to form a stable neutral compound, two sodium ions are required.

Thus the formula will be [tex]Na_2O[/tex].

The study of chemicals is called chemistry. There are two types of solution in the chemistry and these are acid and base.

The correct answer is [tex]Na_2O[/tex]

What are moles?

Thus sodium needs to lose one electron in order to attain noble gas configuration and Oxygen needs to gain two electrons to attain noble gas configuration.

Thus Na will lose one electron to form [tex]Na^+[/tex] and Oxygen gain two electrons to form[tex]O^{-2}[/tex] In order to form a stable neutral compound, two sodium ions are required.

Thus the formula will be [tex]Na_2O[/tex].

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David's conclusion is incorrect as water is a compound that requires hydrogen and oxygen for its formation. Burning hydrogen in air involves a reaction with oxygen, therefore water is formed from two elements, not just one.

David's conclusion is incorrect. Although burning hydrogen in air can produce water, this does not prove water is not a compound. Water is actually a compound because it is formed from two or more elements, hydrogen and oxygen, combined in a fixed ratio of 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom (H2O).

When hydrogen is burned in air, it reacts with the oxygen present in the air. Therefore, he is not just using hydrogen but also oxygen to form the resultant product, which is water.

The reaction goes like this: 2H2 (hydrogen gas) + O2 (oxygen gas) -> 2H2O (water). Each molecule of water contains atoms from two different elements, namely hydrogen and oxygen, which classifies it as a compound, according to the definition of a compound.

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David's conclusion about water is incorrect. When hydrogen burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to form water. Therefore, water is indeed a compound because it consists of more than one type of element.

David's conclusion that water is not a compound because only hydrogen is used to form it is incorrect. Water is indeed a compound because it contains atoms of more than one type of element, which in this case are hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Even though it may seem like only hydrogen is involved, burning hydrogen in air actually consumes oxygen from the air. Thus, when hydrogen burns, it reacts with the oxygen in the air to form water.

Let's look at this simple reaction. When hydrogen gas (H₂) burns in the presence of oxygen (O₂), it produces water (H₂O). The basic balanced chemical reaction is as follows:

2H₂ (hydrogen gas) + O₂ (oxygen gas) -> 2H₂O (water)

This shows that not only is hydrogen involved in forming water, but so is oxygen. Therefore, water is indeed a compound and not just a homonuclear molecule or a mixture of hydrogen.

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Answer: Option (B) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Bases are the substances which contain OH ions within the molecule.

For example, solution of NaOH is a basic solution as it contains OH or hydroxide group.

Bases change red litmus into blue and bases have a slippery and soapy texture.

Therefore, we can conclude that out of the given options, one way to test whether an unknown solution is acidic or basic is to check whether the solution has a slippery feel.

Answer: The correct answer is Option B.

Explanation:

To determine the solution to be acidic or basic, one must use some indicators or by their properties.

Properties of acid:

Properties of Bases:

Both of these solutions can conduct electricity. Hence, the correct answer is Option B.

Answer:

Zinc blende  

Step-by-step explanation:

Step 1. Calculate the volume of the unit cell

V = l³

V = (0.57)³

V = 0.1852 nm³                Convert to m³

V = 0.1852 × (10⁻⁹)³

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²⁸ m³        Convert to cm³

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²⁸ × 100³

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²⁸× 10⁶

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²² cm³

=====

Step 2. Calculate the mass of a unit cell

ρ = m/V                                             Multiply each side by V

m = Vρ

m = 1.852 × 10⁻²² × 2.10

m = 3.889 × 10⁻²² g                          Convert to u

m = 3.889 × 10⁻²² × 1/(1.661 × 10⁻²⁴)

m = 234 u

=====

Step 3. Calculate the number of formula units per unit cell

AX = 28.5 + 30.0

AX = 58.5u

Formula units = 234/58.5= 4.00 ≈ 4

There are 4 formula units per unit cell

=====

Step 4. Determine the type of unit cell

NaCl = simple cubic cell       = 1 formula unit

CsCl = one-formula-unit cell  = 1 formula unit

The zinc blende structure is shown below. The A atoms are FCC, while the X atoms are at half the tetrahedral sites.

A atoms = 8×⅛  + 6×½ = 1 + 3 = 4

X atoms = 4×1                          = 4

The zinc blende structure has four formula units.

The crystal structures of different materials can be identified by calculating and comparing theoretical densities with the given density. In the given case, among sodium chloride, cesium chloride, and zinc blende, the given parameters (density, atomic weights, cell edge length) suggest that the material could have a Zinc Blende structure.

The crystal structures of sodium chloride, cesium chloride, or zinc blende are different to each other. Sodium chloride (NaCl) has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure; cesium chloride (CsCl) has simple cubic structure; while Zinc Blende structure is also face-centered cubic but with a different atom arrangement.

To check whether the given density and atomic weights are compatible with any of these structures, we need to calculate the theoretical density for each structure and compare that with the given density. The theoretical density (p) can be calculated by the formula: p = (n * A) / (Vc * Na), where n is number of atoms per unit cell; A is atomic weight; Vc is volume of unit cell (calculated from cell edge length); and Na is Avogadro's number. We calculate this for each structure and compare with the given density to determine possible structure(s).

Given the parameters, and the atomic arrangement of each of the structures, it appears that Zinc Blende is a likely matching structure for this AX ceramic material.

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The mass of water required to absorb 5.23 × 10⁴ kJ of energy during boiling is approximately 23.2 kg.

To find the mass of liquid water required to absorb a specific amount of energy during boiling, one can use the formula Qv = mLv, where Qv is the energy (in this case 5.23 × 10⁴ kJ), m is the mass we need to find, and Lv is the latent heat of vaporization, which for water is 2256kJ/kg.

Rearranging the formula to get mass, we find m = Qv/Lv. We substitute given values and calculate the mass.

So, m = (5.23 × 10⁴ kJ) / (2256 kJ/kg) = 23.2 kg (approximately).

This means that approximately 23.2 kg of water is required to absorb 5.23 × 10⁴ kJ of energy on boiling.

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The mass of liquid water required to absorb 5.23 × 10⁴ kJ of energy on boiling is approximately 23.14 kg.

The latent heat of vaporization of water is approximately 2260 kJ/kg.

The formula to calculate the mass (m) of the water is:

[tex]\[ Q = m \times L \][/tex]

where:

- Q is the amount of energy absorbed (in kJ),

- m is the mass of the water (in kg),

- L is the latent heat of vaporization (in kJ/kg).

Given:

[tex]\[ Q = 5.23 \times 10^4 \text{ kJ} \]\[ L = 2260 \text{ kJ/kg} \][/tex]

We need to find m.

Rearranging the formula to solve for m:

[tex]\[ m = \frac{Q}{L} \][/tex]

Substitute the given values:

[tex]\[ m = \frac{5.23 \times 10^4 \text{ kJ}}{2260 \text{ kJ/kg}} \][/tex]

Perform the calculation:

[tex]\[ m = \frac{52300 \text{ kJ}}{2260 \text{ kJ/kg}} \]\[ m \approx 23.14 \text{ kg} \][/tex]

A volatile liquid is one that evaporates or vaporizes quickly at room temperature. Not all volatile substances are liquids; some are solids. In everyday language, "volatile" means to erupt emotionally or suddenly become angry or violent. It can also mean someone whose emotions swing up and down quickly.

A volatile liquid in chemistry describes a substance that rapidly evaporates at room temperature due to its low boiling point. Common examples of volatile liquids include alcohol, gasoline, and perfume.

In chemistry, a volatile liquid is one that evaporates or vaporizes quickly at room temperature due to its low boiling point. Volatility describes a substance's tendency to transition from the liquid to the gaseous phase. Liquids like alcohol, gasoline, and perfume are known as volatile as they readily evaporate, often creating a smell or fragrance we can detect. Take, for example, a perfume bottle. If it is left open, the liquid perfume inside tends to evaporate fast - this is because it is a volatile liquid.

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- 8 meter/sec

( - ) sign denotes deceleration.

a= (Final velocity-initial velocity)/Time

 =(0-80)/10

 = -8 meter/sec

   2 NH3 + 2 O2 → N2O + 3 H2O

mass of O2 = 80.0g

moles of O2 = 80.0/32 = 2.5 moles O2

moles of N2O = 2.5 moles O2 x   1 mole N2O      = 1.25 moles N2O

                                                       2 moles of O2

mass of N2O produced ;

moles = mass/Molar mass

mass = moles x Molar mass

        = 1.25 x 44.02

        = 55.025 g N2O

55.025g of N2O is produced in this reaction.

The correct answer is 67.6 grams of N₂O will be produced.

To solve this problem, we will use stoichiometry to find the mass of N₂O produced from 80.0 grams of O₂ .

 First, we need to determine the moles of O₂  that are reacted:

Moles of O₂ = mass of O2 / molar mass of O₂

Moles of O₂  = 80.0 g / 32 g/mol

Moles of O₂  = 2.5 mol

2 NH₃ + 2 O₂  --- N₂O + 3 H₂O

From the equation, we see that 2 moles of O₂  produce 1 mole of N₂O. Therefore, the moles of N₂O produced will be half the moles of O₂  reacted:

Moles of N₂O = Moles of O₂  / 2

Moles of N₂O = 2.5 mol / 2

Moles of N₂O = 1.25 mol

 Now, we convert the moles of N₂O to grams using its molar mass:

 Mass of N₂O = moles of N₂O × molar mass of N₂O

Mass of N₂O = 1.25 mol × 44.02 g/mol

Mass of N₂O = 55.025 g

 Since we are looking for the mass of N₂O to the nearest tenth of a gram, we round the result to 55.0 g.

Therefore, when 80.0 grams of O₂ are reacted, 55.0 grams of N₂O will be produced.

1) Answer is: A) Is boiling point affected by the strength of particle attraction?

Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules or particles.  

For example, because of hydrogen bonds, water has higher boiling temperatures than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).

In molecule of water there are dipole-dipole forces between negatively charged oxygen from one molecule of water and positively charger hydrogen of another molecule of water.  

Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom (H), covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as flourine (F), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.  

2) Answer is: A) it is a solid because strong attractive forces prevent particles from moving.

In solid, molecules are closely packed, stiff and do not changes of shape or volume. Solid object (for example wood) does not take on the shape of its container.

Liquids (for example water) have definite volume, but no fixed shape.

Gases (for example nitrogen and neeon) not have definite volume and fixed shape, it depends on its container.

3) Answer is: B) it undergoes phase change.

A physical change occurs when a substance changes phase.

For example, evaporization is phase change process in which the water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapor).

Condensation is phase change process in which the water changes from a gas to a liquid.

If the arrangement of particles is changed, that is chemical change or chemical reaction (new substance is formed).

4) Answer is: C) Airplane and human body.

Human body converts food (chemical energy) in, for example, driving bicycle (mechanical energy).

Balanced chemical reaction for cellular respiration (convert chemical energy of glucose):  

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy .

Airplane use combustion of gasoline (chemical energy) for moving turbines.

Balanced chemical reaction of combustion of gasoline (octane):

2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ → 16CO₂ + 18H₂O.

5) Answer is:

a) Melting is a physical change (process), the same substance is present before and after the change, so chemical bonds and melting point of the substance are not changed.

Substance changes phase from solid state to liquid.

b) Combustion (substance set on fire) is chemical change(chemical reaction) with oxygen, so chemical bonds and melting point of the substance are changed.

6) Answer is:

The two main variables in an experiment are the independent and dependent variable.

Dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

Dependent variables depend on the values of controlled variables.

The dependent variables represent the output or outcome whose variation is being studied.

The dependent variables is chemical change and controlled variable is temperature.

The student is investigating if boiling point is affected by the strength of particle attraction (A), the state Z is a liquid (C), a physical change can result in a phase change (B), and the airplane and human body convert chemical energy to mechanical energy (C). The temperature can affect the rate of chemical change in an experiment.

The boiling point of substances with different intermolecular forces is being investigated to determine if the boiling point is affected by the strength of particle attraction. The correct answer to this question is A) Is boiling point affected by the strength of particle attraction?

For the state of matter described as state Z in the question, where weak forces allow for some motion, the substance is likely a liquid, indicating that the correct answer is C) it is a liquid because weak attractive forces allow for some motion.

A substance undergoing a physical change can have various outcomes, but elemental composition alteration or the formation of a new molecule would signify a chemical change, not a physical one. Thus, the correct answer is B) it undergoes phase change.

Examples of things that convert chemical energy to mechanical energy include an airplane and the human body, hence the correct answer is C) Airplane and human body.

When comparing the changes that occur when a substance melts versus when it is set on fire, melting is a physical change where the state of the substance changes from solid to liquid by the process of heating. Setting something on fire is a chemical change where the substance reacts with oxygen, often resulting in combustion and the formation of new substances.

In an experiment that investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of chemical change, a suitable hypothesis could be that increasing the temperature will increase the rate of the chemical reaction. The independent variable would be the temperature since it is the variable that is manipulated. The dependent variable is the rate of the chemical change as it depends on the temperature changes. The controlled variables are conditions like the concentration of reactants, pressure, and physical state which should be kept constant during the experiment.

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The answer is C. And to check, NA which has the atomic number of 11 is in group 1.

The element is in group 1 for having a single electron in the 3s orbital.

A neutral atom of element 11 will have a total of 11 electrons. By the Aufbau "build-up" principle, it will have:

2 + 2 + 6 + 1 = 11.

Its electron configuration shall be:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

The first ten electrons [tex]1s^{2} \; 2s^2 \; 2p^{6}[/tex] completes the first two electron shells. That leaves the atom with one valence electron in its 3s orbital. As a result, it shall be placed in group 1 of the periodic table.

B. Earths Moon is the answer.

Hope it helped!

b. earth's moon  is the only object out of the four that is visible only by reflection.

The sun is a source of heat and light.

Although the moon can be seen at night and seems to glow, it is only reflecting light emitted from the sun.

A candle flame, similar to the sun, is a source of light and heat.

A bolt of lightning also emits light, so it is not the correct answer.

Ummmmmm......... Ooook then........

Answer: yes Of course

1) Answer is: B) A chemical change of butane into other substances.

Balanced chemical reaction: 2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ → 8CO₂ + 10H₂O.

This is chemical change (chemical reaction), because two new substances are formed (carbon dioxide and waters), the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is followed by an energy change.

This is not physical change, because the same substance is present before and after the psysical change, just with different form or state of matter.

2) Answer is: A) It increases.

Electrons can jump from one energy level to another, absorbing or emitting electromagnetic radiation with a frequency ν (energy difference of the levels).

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) proposed that a beam of light is a collection of discrete wave packets (photons) with energy hν, where h is Planck constant and ν is frequency.

Energy level 2 has higher energy than energy level 1.

3) Answer is: C) 400 kPa.

Boyle's Law (the pressure-volume law): volume of a given amount of gas held at constant temperature varies inversely with the applied pressure when the temperature and mass are constant.  

p₁V₁ = p₂V₂ (the product of the initial volume and pressure is equal to the product of the volume and pressure after a change).  

p₁ = 100 kPa; starting pressure.  

V₁ = 1.0 L., starting volume.

V₂ = 0.25 L; final volume, smaller than starting volume.

p₂ = ?; final pressure.  

100 kPa · 1 L = p₂ · 0.25 L.  

p₂ = 100 kPa · 1 L / 0.25 L.  

p₂ = 400 kPa.  

When volume goes up, pressure goes down.  

When volume goes down, pressure goes up.  

4) Answer is: C) HClO₄.

Balanced chemical reaction of dissociation of perchloric acid in water:

HClO₄(aq) → H⁺(aq) + ClO₄⁻(aq).

Ionic compounds (in this example perchloric acid) conduct electricity, because it dissociate in ions and ions conduct electicity.  

Ionic substances dissociate in water on cations and anions.  

Perchloric acid (HCO₄) is one of strongest inorganic acids.  

NH₃ is ammonia, NaOH is sodium hydroxide and NH₄OH ammonium hydroxide, all are bases.

5) Answer is: D) A and D.

A catalyst is a chemical species that is present at the beginning of a reaction and reappears at the end.

An intermediate forms during the reaction and disappears before the end.

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst.

Reactions occur faster with a catalyst because they require less activation energy.

6) Answer is: D) H2O has stronger intermolecular force of attraction.

Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules or particles.

Because of hydrogen bonds, water has higher melting and boiling temperatures than H₂S.

In molecule of water there are dipole-dipole forces between negatively charged oxygen from one molecule of water and positively charger hydrogen of another molecule of water.

Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom (H), covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as flourine (F), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.

(a) 0.0080 M/s

(b) 0.0020 M/s

(c) 0.0640 M/s

I hope this helps. :)

Final answer:

Doubling the concentration of CH₃Br or NaOH doubles the rate of the second-order reaction. Halving the concentration of NaOH halves the rate. Increasing both concentrations by a factor of six increases the rate by a factor of thirty-six.

Explanation:

The given reaction CH₃Br + NaOH -> CH₃OH + NaBr is a second-order reaction where the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentrations of both CH₃Br and NaOH. Based on the information provided, if the concentration of one reactant is doubled, the rate of the reaction is also doubled. Similarly, if both concentrations are doubled, the reaction rate increases by a factor of four.

Answer: The bond formed between the elements will be ionic bond.

Explanation: We are given two elements having electronic configurations:

Element 1: [tex]1s^22s^1[/tex]

Element 2: [tex]1s^22s^22p^5[/tex]

Element 1 can easily loose 1 electron to attain stable electronic configuration and Element 2 can accept 1 electron to attain stable electronic configuration.

For these elements, there will be a complete transfer of electron from Element 1 to Element 2. Hence, this will form a ionic bond.

From the configuration, Element 1 is Lithium and Element 2 is Fluoride. So, the compound is LiF.

The atoms with the electron configurations of Lithium (1s2 2s1) and Fluorine (1s2 2s2 2p5) predominantly form an ionic bond as Lithium loses an electron and Fluorine gains that electron.

When determining the bond formed between atoms, it helps to refer to their electron configuration. The electron configurations you provided correspond to Lithium (1s2 2s1) and Fluorine (1s2 2s2 2p5).

Lithium, being a member of Group 1, is an alkali metal and tends to lose its single 2s electron to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. Fluorine, a member of Group 17 (halogens), is eager to gain an electron to achieve the stable electron configuration of noble gases as well. This exchange of electrons results in the formation of an ionic bond predominantly.

There are also covalent bonds which result from the sharing of electrons, seen in molecules where both atoms have similar electronegativities (the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons). The most common types being sigma (σ) bonds and pi (π) bonds. Sigma bonds result from the end-to-end overlapping of atomic orbitals and are the strongest type of covalent bond. Pi bonds, on the other hand, form from the side-by-side overlap of atomic orbitals and are generally weaker than sigma bonds.

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