Answer:
humans
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP
Growth hormone and insulin are protein hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism by hepatocytes (liver cells) through the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Researchers investigated whether the two hormones trigger the same or different intracellular signaling pathways in hepatocytes. The researchers added either growth hormone or insulin to parallel cultures of hepatocytes. At several time points after the hormone addition, they purified total intracellular protein from the cells and quantified the level of the phosphorylated forms of two proteins involved in two different signaling pathways (Figure 1, A and B).
(a) Describe the first interaction that triggers signaling to begin in a target cell.
(b) Identify a dependent variable in the experimental design. Identify a negative control for the effects of hormone addition. Identify a likely reason why the researchers continued their experiment for 240 minutes.
(c) Describe the hormone and signaling protein combination that produced the greatest and most prolonged response. For the phosphorylated STAT5 response that reached 100 percent at 10 minutes in Figure 1A , calculate the rate of decrease (percent decrease per minute) in the detected level of phosphorylated STAT5 from 10 to 30 minutes.
(d) The researchers claim that the similar regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by hepatocytes when the cells are treated with growth hormone or insulin results from the activation of different signaling pathways. Use the data from the researchers’ experiment to support their claim.
Answer a:
In the case of growth hormone, it activates the STAT5 signaling pathway. Therefore, initially, as the hepatocytes sense growth hormone, they imitate the STAT 5 pathway, which after some time maintains a steady rate.
In the addition of insulin, it activates Protein kinase B pathway initially.
Answer b:
The dependent variable in the experiment is the level of STAT 5 and protein kinase B proteins. Those proteins are depending upon the independent variables growth hormone and insulin. A negative control should be the addition of the same amount of water into hepatocytes, which will give no effect to the protein levels.
The researcher wants to identify short and long term effects of both hormones in terms of whether the signaling pathway interacts with each other or not and to identify the steady-state of the signaling pathway. That is why the researcher run the experiment for 240 minutes.
Answer c:
Insulin and protein kinase B interaction is the greatest and most prolonged response as is seen in the graph. Protein kinase B level reached to 100 after 30 minutes as insulin added while the level remained to near 80 even after 240 minutes.
The level of STAT 5 at the 10th minute = 100
The level of STAT 5 at 30th minute = 35
From 10 to 30 minutes, the level of STAT 5 = 100 – 35
From 10 to 30 minutes, the level of STAT 5 = 65
Duration = 30 – 10 minutes
Duration = 20 minutes
Rate of decrease = 65/20
Rate of decrease = 3.25 levels/min
Answer d:
The claim by the researcher is supported because of the known functions of insulin and growth factors. Both hormones have a tendency to respond to the presence of glucose. The growth hormone initiates STAT5 signaling for producing the Igf-1 factor that is important for utilizing glucose. The insulin hormone is well known for utilizing glucose.
PLZ HELP 13+points
A population of lizards lived in an ecosystem that was prone to flooding. After many generations, most of the lizards in the population had longer legs than their ancestors, which helped them flee from floods. Which statement best explains this change? *
A)The lizard genes spontaneously mutated to address the flooding threat.
B)Genetic variation among lizard limbs allowed for natural selection to occur.
C)The limbs were artificially selected because humans probably caused the flooding.
Answer:
B)Genetic variation among lizard limbs allowed for natural selection to occur.
Explanation:
Natural selection is the phenomenon in which creatures evolve as time goes on. This evolution occurs when the species experiences a certain natural challenge that it can adapt to. Lizards that had short legs died in the floods while the lucky longer legged lizards were able to pass on their genes to the next generation. This is Natural Selection in action.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
When the lizard go through natural selection, they evolve to the threat of flooding. Henceforth, they grow longer legs. The genes for longer legs will continuously be passed down to more and more generations.
Iridium is a substance found only in asteroids and other space objects. This graph shows the amount of Iridium found in different sediment layers of Earth. They are marked off into 17 sections representing time.
Iridium Levels graph shows Iridium levels in sediment layers. Beginning at sediment layer 1, iridium levels remain between 0 and 5, jumping to a level of 23 between layers 5 and 6, and decreasing to near starting levels at layers 14 through 17.
What most likely happened in sediment layer 5?
A massive volcano erupted, causing global warming and lava flow, which in turn caused mass extinction.
More iridium was produced by space objects and dumped by local factories.
A massive dust cloud formed, causing global cooling and a lack of sunshine. This in turn caused a lack of plants and a mass extinction.
Fewer impacts lead to a drop in iridium levels and a mass extinction caused by a lack of sunshine.
In sediment layer 5, more iridium was produced by space objects and dumped by local factories is likely to happened.
Sediment rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding.
Sediment rocks are formed on or near the Earth's surface, in contrast to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are formed deep within the Earth. The most important geological processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering.
Learn more about sediment layer:
https://brainly.com/question/13297282
#SPJ1
The increase in Iridium levels in sediment layer 5 is likely due to an asteroid impact because iridium is primarily found in asteroids.
Explanation:Based on the provided information, it is likely that the higher levels of iridium found between layers 5 and 6 are due to an asteroid impact. Iridium is a substance primarily found in asteroids and other space objects. An increase in iridium levels in a specific sediment layer would suggest an influx of material from space, such as an asteroid strike. Therefore, the spike in iridium does not align with the scenarios of a volcanic eruption, more iridium being produced locally or the formation of a dust cloud.
Learn more about Asteroid Impact here:https://brainly.com/question/33453725
#SPJ2
What role does blood play before cellular respiration can occur
Answer: Blood carries the oxygen through out the body and gets re-oxygenated to keep the body going.
Answer: C Blood delivers oxygen and glucose to cells.
Explanation: Blood plays a very important role before cellular respiration. The blood provides oxygenated blood for the aerobic processes that takes place during cellular respiration. Glycolysis, link reaction, Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain are all the aerobic process of Cellular respiration that requires oxygen.
How can you tell if your heart is breaking?
Answer:
When you feel your heart cave in and it sorta physically hurts...
what are the best baits for catfish
Answer:
Expmple
Nightcrawlers. Nightcrawlers remain a great bait for all cats, sometimes unequaled for channel cats. ...
write out the chemical formula for a compound that has 18 carbon atoms, 26 hydrogen atoms, 1 chlorine atom, 3 nitrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom?
Final answer:
The chemical formula for a compound with 18 carbon atoms, 26 hydrogen atoms, 1 chlorine atom, 3 nitrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom is C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃O.
Explanation:
To write out the chemical formula for the compound with the specific number of atoms, we list each element symbol followed by its corresponding subscript number that represents the quantity of each element present in the molecule. In this case, the compound you've described contains 18 carbon (C) atoms, 26 hydrogen (H) atoms, 1 chlorine (Cl) atom, 3 nitrogen (N) atoms, and 1 oxygen (O) atom. Therefore, the chemical formula for this compound would be C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃O.
In fungi, which is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction as compared to sexual reproduction?
The disadvantages of sexual reproduction:
• time and energy are needed to find a mate
• it is not possible for an isolated individual to reproduce
The disadvantages of asexual reproduction include:
•it does not lead to genetic variation in a population
•the species may only be suited to one habitat
• disease may affect all the individuals in a population
Answer:
Asexual reproduction requires ideal environmental conditions.
Explanation: It is a disadvantage because it is harder to find ideal locations.
Which describes the mating of organisms that have different homozygous alleles for a single trait?
Explanation:
monohybrid crossdihybrid crosshomozygous crossheterozygous cross The term which describes the mating of organisms that have different homozogous alleles for a single trait is monohybrid cross . The 'mono' refers to the singular trait while 'hybrid' refers to the crossing of two different parents.
Types of genotypes of the gametes in an individual heterozygous for the FXN gene
Answer:
The types of gamete in a heterozygous individual for the FXN gene will be two. A dominant gamete, which contains the "A" allele and a recessive gamete, which contains the "a" allele.
Explanation:
When an individual is heterozygous for a given gene, it means that that individual has different gametes (related to that gene), with that, that individual will generate two types of gamete; a dominant gamete with the "A" allele and a recessive gamete with the "a" allele.
If the individual is homozygous dominant, he will only generate one type of gamete, which is the gamete with the "A" allele. however, if the individual is homozygous recessive, he will only generate one type of gamete, which is the gamete with the "a" allele.
Final answer:
In individuals heterozygous for a specific gene, such as the FXN gene, two types of gametes would be produced with different genotypes, carrying either the dominant or recessive allele of the gene. This principle is similar for both sex-linked and autosomal genes, crucial for understanding inheritance patterns.
Explanation:
The question involves understanding the types of genotypes produced by gametes in an individual heterozygous for a specific gene, taking the FXN gene as an example. The FXN gene is not explicitly dealt with in provided materials, but by analogy to information about X-linked genes and gamete formation, we can deduce necessary information. In the context of X-linked genetic crosses, such as those involving the Drosophila eye color, gametes from an individual heterozygous for a specific gene (like the FXN gene, if it were X-linked) would produce two types of gametes in terms of genotype.
In the case of a female heterozygous for an X-linked gene, the two types of gametes would contain either the dominant or recessive allele of the gene in question. If the gene were similar to the F8 or eye color genes in Drosophila (where 'X' represents the chromosome and the superscripts represent different alleles), the genotypes of the gametes would be XA and Xa where 'A' stands for the dominant allele and 'a' for the recessive allele, assuming full dominance in the heterozygous condition. For a male heterozygous for an X-linked gene, since males possess one X and one Y chromosome and no homologous pair for the X chromosome, they would be considered hemizygous, thus producing gametes either carrying the X chromosome with the gene or a Y chromosome without it, denoted as XAY and XY, respectively.
This concept can be extrapolated to any gene, including autosomal genes where individuals produce two types of gametes, carrying either allele of the heterozygous pair. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for comprehending how genetic variations are passed through generations, affecting phenotypic ratios in offspring.
PLEASE FAST 15 points!!!
29. Which of the following is true about a larger cell?
A. More wastes must leave the cell.
B. More molecules must move through the membrane.
C. Distances from the cell membrane to various organelles are greater.
D. all of the above
30. To reduce the dependence on diffusion, multicellular organisms have
A. reduced cell size and the number of cells
B. developed thinner cell membranes
C. developed other internal transport systems
D. all of the above
Answer:
Explanation:
29. d all of the above
30. c
Answer: 29. D. all of the above
30. C. developed other internal transport systems
Explanation:
describe the process of water changing state
Answer:
Explanation:
Water freezes into ice heats up and boils to steam
Answer:
Substances can change state, usually when they are heated or cooled.
The closeness, arrangement and motion of the particles in a substance change when it changes state.
If water turns to gas, (for example steam) the particles move more freely with each other and if it turns to solid (ice) the particles are packed more closely together.
To change into gas, water needs to be heated and to change into a solod water needs to be freezed
Explanation:.
5. Fruits, nuts and vegetable production are classified as which ore
benefits of the horticulture industry?
A. Aesthetic value
B Recreational value
C. Therapeutic value
D. Food production
Potatoes are an example of tubers, which are plant stems that are adapted for storing food. Which of the following is something that tubers can do but seeds cannot?
Answer:
allow an individual plant to live for more than one year
Explanation:
Tubers, like potatoes, can produce new plants through vegetative propagation, while seeds cannot.
Explanation:Tubers, such as potatoes, have a unique ability that seeds do not possess: they can produce new plants by vegetative propagation. This means that a single tuber can give rise to multiple new plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant. In contrast, seeds are the result of sexual reproduction and can produce new plants that show genetic variability.
is the biosphere thicker above or below sea level
Answer:
Traditionally, the biosphere is considered to extend from the bottom of the oceans to the highest mountaintops, a layer with an average thickness of about 20 kilometers. Scientists now know that some forms of microbes live at great depths, sometimes several thousand meters into the earth's crust.
Explanation:
The biosphere is not thicker in any specific location, including above or below the sea level.
What is a biosphere?The biosphere refers to the portion of the earths surface where life exists, and it encompasses all the living organisms and the environment they occupy, including both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.
The biosphere is a complex and dynamic system that encompasses a wide range of ecosystems, from the deepest parts of the ocean to the highest points of the mountains.
So, whether the biosphere is thicker above or below sea level depends upon the specific location and the types of ecosystems present. In some areas the biosphere ca n be dominated by terrestrial such as forests or grasslands ecosystem, while in other areas it is dominated by aquatic ecosystems such as coral reefs or mangrove forests.
Therefore, there is not any specific location where the biosphere is thicker above or below the sea level, as it depends upon the specific location.
For more details regarding biosphere, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13217040
#SPJ6
A wave is traveling through X. What can be known about X?
It is empty space.
It is any medium
It is a solid.
It is a liquid.
Answer:
B. it is any medium
Explanation:
A wave is traveling through X. Here, X can be any medium. Therefore, option B is correct.
What are waves and their types?A wave is an energetic disturbance in a medium that doesn't include any net particle motion. Elastic deformation, a change in pressure, an electric or magnetic intensity, an electric potential, or a change in temperature are a few examples.
In most cases, the impact of winds on the ocean's surface is what generates waves. The ocean's surface water particles are driven downward by winds. Once more, water vapor rises above the surface.
There are mainly two types of waves and that are longitudinal and transverse waves. They travel through a medium. Thus, a wave is traveling through X. Here, X can be any medium. Therefore, option B is correct.
Learn more about waves, here:
https://brainly.com/question/3639648
#SPJ6
Why are station models important?
Answer:
Meteorologists created the station model to fit a number of weather elements into a small space on weather maps. This allows map users to analyze patterns in atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed & direction, cloud cover, precipitation, and other parameters.
what is an example of a density dependent factor
Answer:
In nature, limiting factors affecting population sizes include how much food and/or shelter is available, as well as other density-dependent factors. Density-dependent factors are not relevant to populations that are below "carrying capacity," (i.e., how much life a habitat can support) but they start to have to become noticeable as populations reach and exceed that limit. The degree of control imposed by a density-dependent factor correlates to population size such that the effect of the limitation will be more pronounced as population increases. Density-dependent factors include competition, predation, parasitism and disease.
Competition
Habitats are limited by space and resource availability, and can only support up to a certain number of organisms before reaching their carrying capacity. Once a population exceeds that capacity, organisms must struggle against one another to obtain scarce resources. Competition in natural populations can take many forms. Animal communities compete for food and water sources whereas plant communities compete for soil nutrients and access to sunlight. Animals also vie for space in which to nest, roost, hibernate, or raise young, as well as for mating rights.
Predation
Many populations are limited by predation; predator and prey populations tend to cycle together, with the predator population lagging somewhat behind the prey population. The classic examples of this are the hare and the lynx: as the hare population increases, the lynx has more to eat and so the lynx population can increase. The increased lynx population results in more predatory pressure on the hare population, which then declines. The drop in food availability in turn causes a drop in the predator population. Thus, both of these populations are influenced by predation as a density-dependent factor.
Parasitism
When organisms are densely populated, they can easily transmit internal and external parasites to one another through contact with skin and bodily fluids. Parasites thrive in densely packed host populations, but if the parasite is too virulent then it will begin to decimate the host population. A decline in the host population will in turn reduce the parasite population because greater distance between host organisms will make transmission by more difficult.
Disease
Disease is spread quickly through densely packed populations due to how close organisms are to one another. Populations that rarely come into contact with one another are less likely to share bacteria, viruses and fungi. Much like the host-parasite relationship, it is beneficial to the disease not to kill off its host population because that makes it more difficult to for the disease to survive.
An example of a density-dependent factor are diseases and competition, as these are the factors that are dependent on population density, such as when there is a high population, then these change, and vice versa.
What is the significance of the competition for the population?The competition is very significant for the population, as if the place has a lower population and a less dense area but has high resources, then the individuals in that area will have enough resources to live without any competition, resulting in less competition. When a high-population area has limited resources, there is intense competition, which leads to the death of some individuals and the loss of a gene pool.
Hence, an example of a density-dependent factor are diseases and competition, as these are the factors that are dependent on population density, such as when there is a high population, then these change, and vice versa.
Learn more about the competition here.
https://brainly.com/question/4056720
#SPJ2
the life cycle of a white wagtail
The life cycle of a white wagtail starts from mating, laying of eggs, hatching, fledgling stage, and finally adulthood. As they mature, they develop distinctive markings and undergo annual migrations. The change of climate is vital for maintaining a constant body temperature and survival.
Explanation:The life cycle of a white wagtail, like other birds, begins with mating and the laying of eggs. The parents take care of the eggs, which will then hatch into hatchlings. The hatchlings, still dependent on their parents, continue to grow until they become fledglings, where they can nearly take care of themselves. Eventually, they will mature into adult wagtails capable of starting their own families.
During each stage of the life cycle, the white wagtails go through changes specific to their species. For instance, they develop distinctive feather colors as they mature and undergo annual migrations for suitable mates and habitats, similar to the American white pelican.
Migration is an important aspect of the life cycle of many bird species, including the white wagtail. During migration, they also adjust to warmer climates to maintain a constant body temperature which is crucial for their survival and ability to reproduce.
Learn more about Life Cycle of a White Wagtail here:https://brainly.com/question/9066680
#SPJ12
A diverse pool of _____________ helps ensure that individuals in a species will pass a variety of traits to their offspring.
A. Genes
B. Populations
C. Fish
Answer:
A. genes
Explanation:
Answer:
a
Explanation:
what is the starfish experiment?
Answer:
When starfish were removed from their environment, the species richness of that area went down. This was because the starfish ate the mussels, and when the starfish were removed, the mussels became abundant and preyed on many of the other species.
This experiment showed that the starfish were a keystone species. A keystone species is a species that has a low biomass but a large impact on the community they are living in.
Of the over 11,600 applications to the USDA by seed producers for GE crops, how many were eventually deregulated and allowed to be sold?
Answer:
1,190 were eventually deregulated and allowed to be sold.
Explanation:
As you may already know, in order for a seed producer to sell transgenic seeds and plants, or any other genetically modified product, he will need to request an evaluation of his production. This is because it is necessary to guarantee that the transgenic seeds will not cause any harm to any living being, nor has the potential to become a pest.
However, the production of transgenic products has grown more and more each year, which means that the increase in requests for evaluation of production is increasing. As an example of this, we can mention the 11,600 requests to the USDA from seed producers for transgenics that have occurred since 1987, of which 1,190 were eventually deregulated and allowed to be sold.
Which activity would help decrease the greatest carbon-releasing activity in US homes?
Option are not provided in the question. The complete question is:
Which activity would help decrease the greatest carbon-releasing activity in US homes?
limiting time in hot showers
wearing layers of clothing
turning off lights when leaving a room
unplugging electronics when not in use
Answer:
wearing layers of clothing
Explaination:
Increasing carbon emission in environment is one of the major cause of global warming and climate change. There are several human activities that contribute to increament in carbon-releasing such as burning of fossil fuels, industrial manufacturing and deforestation et-cetra.
Wearing layers of clothes can decrease the greatest carbon-releasing activity in US homes because the weather of US is cold and people use a lot of fossil fuel to make their surrounding warm. Wearing layered clothes will help US people to feel warm and reduce the burning of fossil fuel which is major contributor to carbon emission.
Hence, The correct option is wearing layers of clothing.
Answer:
wearing layers of clothes
Explanation:
hope this helps
Insulin helps maintain glucose levels in the blood. If blood glucose levels got very high, what would you expect to see happen to insulin levels?
Insulin and glucagon are hormones that help regulate the levels of blood glucose, or sugar, in your body. Glucose, which comes from the food you eat, moves through your bloodstream to help fuel your body.
Insulin and glucagon work together to balance your blood sugar levels, keeping them in the narrow range that your body requires. These hormones are like the yin and yang of blood glucose maintenance. Read on to learn more about how they function and what can happen when they don’t work well.
What can you tell about Jupiter from the diagram of the planets? A) It has more moons than Earth does. B) It is colder there than it is on Earth. C) It is warmer there than it is on Earth. D) Its days are shorter than the days on Earth.
Answer:
The answer was B) It is colder there than it is on Earth
Explanation:
Here's why: Jupiter is farther from the Sun, so it colder there than on Earth. While the inner core of the planet is warm, on the surface, the average temperature on Jupiter is about -200 degrees Fahrenheit.
Jupiter is colder there than it is on Earth from the diagram of the planets. Thus, option A is correct.
What are the main features of jupiter?Jupiter is farther from the Sun, so it colder there than on Earth. While the inner core of the planet is warm, on the surface, the average temperature on Jupiter is about -200 degrees Fahrenheit. Johannes Kepler was a German scientist who was responsible for revolutionizing the way the world thought the planets were and how they moved.
During the Scientific Revolution, Kepler made a law of planetary motion that settled the debate of whether the Sun was the epicenter of the planets or the Earth. With the details from his three laws of planetary motion, he showed that Earth was not the center of the universe.
Therefore, Jupiter is colder there than it is on Earth from the diagram of the planets. Thus, option A is correct.
Learn more about Jupiter on:
https://brainly.com/question/20979520
#SPJ6
compare and contrast microevolution and macroevolution
Answer: Microevolution happens on a small scale, while macroevolution happens on a scale that transcends the boundaries of a single species. Despite their differences, evolution at both of these levels relies on the same, established mechanisms of evolutionary change: mutation.
Explanation: brainliest please
Microevolution refers to small-scale changes within a species over a few generations, usually driven by processes like mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection. Macroevolution refers to large-scale changes over geologic time that often result in new species or extinction.
Explanation:The concepts of microevolution and macroevolution both refer to changes occurring in species over time, but they occur at different scales. Microevolution refers to the changes in allele frequencies in a population over time. These changes usually happen over a few generations and are often driven by processes like mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection. For example, a bacteria population might evolve resistance to a particular antibiotic due to favoring the survival of individuals with resistant mutations.
Macroevolution, on the other hand, refers to larger-scale changes that occur over geologic time, often resulting in the emergence of new species (speciation), or extinction of existing ones. For instance, the evolution of mammals from a common mammalian ancestor is an example of macroevolution.
So, summarily, microevolution focuses on changes within species, while macroevolution studies the patterns and processes of species themselves over time.
Learn more about Microevolution and Macroevolution here:https://brainly.com/question/32836857
#SPJ6
How do you think organ systems respond when an organ is unable to function properly?
Two fruit flies that are heterozygous for body color and eye color are crossed. Brown body color is dominant to black body color. Red eye color is dominant to brown eye color.
Answer:
For body color 75% of the fruit flies are dominant for the trait
For Eye color 75% of the flies are dominant for this trait
Answer:
9:16, 3:16, 3.16, 1:16
Explanation: on edge
PLEASEEE ANSWER IN NEXT 5 MIN Why do the cells need time to recover after the heat shock?
Answer:
Following heat shock or electroporation, transformed cells are cultured in antibiotic-free liquid medium for a short period to allow expression of antibiotic resistance gene(s) from the acquired plasmid to begin (Figure 5). This step improves cell viability and cloning efficiency.
Final answer:
Cells need time to recover after a heat shock to refold misfolded proteins with the help of heat shock proteins (HSP), ensuring proper cell function and survival.
Explanation:
Cells need time to recover after a heat shock because the increase in temperature can damage proteins, causing them to misfold. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a class of chaperones that aid in refolding these damaged proteins. When cells are exposed to high temperatures, they activate these heat shock proteins by releasing them from the NR/HSP complex and increasing the transcription of HSP genes. The recovery period allows these proteins to repair and refold misfolded proteins, ensuring that the cell maintains proper function and avoids the accumulation of damaged proteins which could lead to cell death.
In the wake of a heat shock, cells enter a lag period where they may need to synthesize RNA, enzymes, and other essential metabolites to adapt to environmental changes and repair any damage incurred. This is crucial for cell survival as continued stress without the chance to recover can result in cell death.
Why is it commonly believed that carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming? Give at least 2 reasons.
Answer:
Scientists attribute the global warming trend observed since the mid-20th century to the human expansion of the "greenhouse effect"1 — warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.
Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. Long-lived gases that remain semi-permanently in the atmosphere and do not respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are described as "forcing" climate change. Gases, such as water vapor, which respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are seen
Explanation: