Given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
When 72.8 g of benzamide ([tex]C_{7}H_{7}NO[/tex]) are dissolved in 600 g of a certain mystery liquid X, the freezing point of the solution is [tex]6.90^{o}C[/tex] less than the freezing point of pure X. Calculate the mass of ammonium chloride [tex](NH_{4}Cl)[/tex] that must be dissolved in the same mass of X to produce the same depression in freezing point. The van't Hoff factor i = 70 for ammonium chloride in X. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round your answer to significant digits.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
Mass of solute (benzamide), [tex]w_{B}[/tex] = 72.8 g
Mass of solvent (X), [tex]w_{A}[/tex] = 600 g
[tex]\Delta T_{f} 6.90^{o}C[/tex]
Molar mass of benzamide, [tex]M_{w_{B}}[/tex] = 121.14 g/mol
We know that,
[tex]\Delta T_{f} = k_{f} \times X \times m[/tex] (for non-dissociating)
[tex]6.90 = k_{f} \times \frac{72.8 \times 1000}{121.14 \times 600}[/tex] ...... (1)
For other experiment, when [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] is taken :
Mass of [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex], ([tex]w_{NH_{4}Cl}[/tex]) = ?
Molar mass of [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] = 53.491 g/mol
Mass of solvent (X) = 600 g
[tex]\Delta T_{f} = 6.90^{o}C[/tex]
i = Van't Hoff factor = 1.70
As, [tex]\Delta T_{f} = i \times k_{f} \times m[/tex]
[tex]6.90 = 1.70 \times k_{f} \times \frac{w_{NH_{4}Cl} \times 1000}{53.491 \times 600}[/tex] ........... (2)
Now, we will divide equation (1) by equation (2) as follows.
[tex]w_{NH_{4}Cl} \times 1 = \frac{72.8 \times 53.491}{1.70 \times 121.14}[/tex]
= 18.90 g
Therefore, we can conclude that the mass of ammonium chloride [tex](NH_{4}Cl)[/tex] that must be dissolved in the same mass of X to produce the same depression in freezing point is 18.90 g.
Final answer:
The mass of ammonium chloride required to produce the same freezing point depression as benzamide can't be calculated without additional data. The van't Hoff factor is crucial for understanding the effects of ionic compounds in freezing point depression calculations.
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of ammonium chloride that must be dissolved to produce the same depression in freezing point as benzamide, we will need to use the freezing point depression concept, which states that the change in freezing point (ΔTf) is equal to the molal freezing point depression constant of the solvent (Kf) multiplied by the molality (m) of the solution. The given data is as follows.
Mass of solute (benzamide), w_(B) = 72.8 g
Mass of solvent (X), w_(A) = 600 g
\Delta T_(f) 6.90^(o)C
Molar mass of benzamide, M_{w_(B)} = 121.14 g/mol
We know that,
\Delta T_(f) = k_(f) * X * m (for non-dissociating)
6.90 = k_(f) * (72.8 * 1000)/(121.14 * 600) ...... (1)
For other experiment, when NH_(4)Cl is taken :
Mass of NH_(4)Cl, (w_{NH_(4)Cl}) = ?
Molar mass of NH_(4)Cl = 53.491 g/mol
Mass of solvent (X) = 600 g
\Delta T_(f) = 6.90^(o)C
i = Van't Hoff factor = 1.70
As, \Delta T_(f) = i * k_(f) * m
6.90 = 1.70 * k_(f) * \frac{w_{NH_(4)Cl} * 1000}{53.491 * 600} ........... (2)
Now, we will divide equation (1) by equation (2) as follows.
w_{NH_(4)Cl} * 1 = (72.8 * 53.491)/(1.70 * 121.14)
= 18.90 g
Therefore, we can conclude that the mass of ammonium chloride (NH_(4)Cl) that must be dissolved in the same mass of X to produce the same depression in freezing point is 18.90 g.
Complete the following sentences. Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column. View Available Hint(s) ResetHelp 1. A monosaccharide is a(n) glucose if the carbonyl group is on the end of the carbon chain. 2. If a carbohydrate, like xylulose, has five carbon atoms and a carbonyl group on the second carbon, it is called a(n) aldotriose. 3. Any carbohydrate with the carbonyl group on the second carbon is a(n) ketopentose. 4. With the carbonyl group on the end of a six-carbon chain, the carbohydrate would be classified as a(n) aldose. 5. The most common carbohydrate, ketose, has six carbon atoms. 6. Glyceraldehyde is an example of a(n) aldohexose, because it has three carbon atoms.
1. If a carbohydrate, like xylulose, has five carbon atoms and a carbonyl group on the second carbon, it is called a(n) ketopentose.
2. Any carbohydrate with the carbonyl group on the second carbon is a(n) ketose.
3. The most common carbohydrate, glucose, has six carbon atoms.
4. A monosaccharide is a(n) aldose if the carbonyl group is on the end of the carbon chain.
5. Glyceraldehyde is an example of a(n) triose, because it has three carbon atoms.
6. With the carbonyl group on the end of a six-carbon chain, the carbohydrate would be classified as a(n) aldohexose.
1. The term "ketopentose" refers to a five-carbon carbohydrate with a carbonyl group on the second carbon.
2. A "ketose" is a carbohydrate with a carbonyl group (ketone group) on an internal carbon atom.
3. "Glucose" is a common hexose sugar with six carbon atoms.
4. An "aldose" is a monosaccharide with a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain.
5. "Triose" denotes a three-carbon sugar, and glyceraldehyde is an example.
6. An "aldohexose" is a six-carbon sugar with the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain.
In summary, Carbohydrates are classified based on carbon atom count and carbonyl group placement. Xylulose is a ketopentose. Glucose is a common hexose. An aldose has the carbonyl group at the chain end, while glyceraldehyde is a triose. An aldohexose has a six-carbon chain with the carbonyl group at the end.
The question probable may be:
Complete the following sentences. Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column.
aldose, ketose, ketopentose, aldohexose, triose, glucose
1. 1. If a carbohydrate, like xylulose, has five carbon atoms and a carbonyl group on the second carbon, it is called a(n)
2. 2. Any carbohydrate with the carbonyl group on the second carbon is a(n)
3. The most common carbohydrate,_________, has six carbon atoms.
4. A monosaccharide is a(n)______ if the carbonyl group is on the end of the carbon chain.
5. Glyceraldehyde is an example of a(n) _________ , because it has three carbon atoms.
6. With the carbonyl group on the end of a six-carbon chain, the carbohydrate would be classified as a(n)____________.
While estimating the Caloric content of the chemical constituents present in the food item, the carbohydrate amount is discounted to some extent compared to the average value measured using bomb calorimetry. This is because the fiber content __________. Select the correct answer below: is not actually considered a carbohydrate is not digestible cannot be burned in the calorimeter is classified as a carbohydrate but stores energy like a fat.
Answer:
Fiber is "Not Digestible"
Explanation:
Carbohydrates that contain fiber cannot be completely digested. the indigestible components of fiber are measured in the calorimeter, but they are not accessible for energy in the human body.
While estimating the Caloric content of the chemical constituents present in the food item, the carbohydrate amount is discounted to some extent compared to the average value measured using bomb calorimetry. This is because the fiber content is not digestible.
How is calorie content measured?
At its most fundamental, a calorie is a measure of electricity. One Calorie (same as one kilocalorie, or 1,000 energy) is the quantity of power that is required to warm one kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea stage. The strength content of meals become traditionally measured by the usage of bomb calorimetry.
As an alternative, the entire caloric price is calculated by using including the calories supplied by using the strength-containing nutrients: protein, carbohydrate, fats, and alcohol.
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A sample of a gas at room temperature occupies a volume of 40.0 L at a pressure of 262 torr.If the pressure changes to 1310 torr,with no change in the temperature or moles of gas,what is the new volume,V2
Answer:
a) p1v1= p2v2
852 x 40.0= 4260 x v2
v2= 8 L
b) 852 x 40 = p2 x 69.0
p2= 494 torr
(a) Your TA will give you a 1H NMR spectrum of the 3-nitroaniline product. Using your NMR knowledge and the special NMR section in the lab book (especially pages 48 and 49), assign the 4 peaks in the spectrum to each of the protons in the product - you will need to use coupling pattern and chemical shift to complete the assignment. (b) Explain your assignment, specifically how you differentiated between HA and Hc
Answer: provided in the answer segment
Explanation:
Below is a step by step process to analyzing this problem
Let us begin;
From 1H-NMR singlet at 5.80 ppm show N-H peak as shown in structure.
Here, H(A) hydrogen has no neighbor hydrogen so it appears integrated singlet at 7.38 ppm.
H(C) hydrogen has the next 2 neighbor hydrogen H(B) and H(D) so it appears as a triplet at region 7.23-7.29 ppm.
H(B) hydrogen has next to one neighbor hydrogen H(C) show doublet at 6.92-6.98 ppm.
H(D) hydrogen has next to one neighbor hydrogen H(C) show doublet at 7.28-7.32 ppm.
(b). From our basic chemistry knowledge, we know that benzene molecule is planer so H(A) is more deshielding because of two substituent groups than H(C), which makes the delta value of H(A) is greater than H(C).
cheers i hope this helped!!!!!
The 1H NMR spectrum of 3-nitroaniline compounds has four different protons which can be differentiated by their chemical shift and coupling pattern. HA is usually the most deshielded due to its closeness to the nitro group. The coupling pattern helps especially in differentiating protons like HA and HC.
Explanation:In 3-nitroaniline compound, the protons, designated as HA, HB, HC, and HD all show up distinctly in the 1H NMR spectrum. The key to differentiating them comes down to their chemical shift and their coupling pattern.
The most deshielded proton (highest chemical shift) is usually HA due to its proximity to the nitro group. HB and HC are the aromatic protons on the benzene ring, and their positions relative to the aniline (amino) group aids in their differentiation. Finally, HD is usually the most shielded proton (lowest chemical shift), as it is the amino proton.
Coupling helps to differentiate between otherwise closely overlapping protons. Due to the nature of the coupling constants involved, HA and HC will generally have distinct coupling patterns that allow them to be differentiated.
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Draw three resonance structures for CNO-. This species has its three atoms bonded sequentially in the following fashion: C-N-O. Draw your resonance structures so that the atoms in them are bonded together in this order. Select the most important resonance structure for this species based on the formal charges on the atoms of the three resonance structures you have drawn. Now select the statement from the multiple choices which is true about this most important resonance structure. In the most important resonance structure of CNO- : a) The leftmost bond (between C and N) is a double bond. b) The rightmost bond (between N and O) is a double bond. c) The formal charge on the leftmost (C) atom is -2. d) The number of nonbonding pairs (lone pairs) of electrons on the leftmost (C) atom is 2. e) The number of nonbonding (lone) pairs of electrons on the rightmost (O) atom is 3.
To calculate the charge of each atom.
Formal charge= Valence electrons-(non bonding electron+bonding electron/2)
The possible resonance of CNO- ( check attachment)
The second structure is the most stable because in this structure each atoms carry less formal charge than other.
(a) In the most stable resonance structure of CNO- leftmost bond is a triple bond.
Therefore the statement is False
(b) in the most stable resonance structure of CNO- rightmost bond is single.
Therefore the statement is true
(c) in the most stable resonance
structure of CNO- the formal charge on the leftmost is -1.
Therefore the statement is False
(d) in the most stable resonance structure of CNO-,the number of non bonding electron pairs on the leftmost carbon is 1.
Therefore the statement is False
(e) in the most stable resonance structure of CNO-the number of non bonding electron pairs on rightmost oxygen atom is 3.
Therefore the statement is False
Use molecular orbital theory to determine whether He2 2+ or He2 + is more stable. Use molecular orbital theory to determine whether He2 2+ or He2 + is more stable. The He2 + ion is more stable since it has a higher bond order (bond order = 1) than the He2 2+ ion (bond order = 1/2). The He2 + ion is more stable since it has a higher bond order (bond order = 2) than the He2 2+ ion (bond order = 1). The He2 2+ ion is more stable since it has a lower bond order (bond order = 1/2) than the He2 + ion (bond order = 1). The He2 2+ a lower bond order (bond order = 3/2) than the He2 + ion (bond order = 2). The He2 2+ ion is more stable since it has a higher bond order (bond order = 1) than the He2 + ion (bond order = 1/2).
Answer:
The He₂ 2+ ion is more stable since it has a higher bond order (bond order = 1) than the He₂ + ion (bond order = 1/2).
Explanation:
Molecular orbital of He₂⁺
[tex]1\sigma_{1s}^21\sigma(star)_{1s}^1[/tex]
There are two electrons in bonding and 1 electron in antibonding orbital
Bond order = [tex]\frac{(2-1)}{2}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]
Molecular orbital of He₂⁺²
[tex]1\sigma_{1s}^21\sigma(star)_{1s}^0[/tex]
There are two electrons in bonding and 0 electron in antibonding orbital
Bond order = [tex]\frac{(2-0)}{2}[/tex]
= 1
So bond order of He₂⁺² is 1 which is more stable than He₂⁺ whose bond order is [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] .
In comparing the He2 2+ and He2 + ions and viewing their stability through the lens of Molecular Orbital Theory, we see that the He2 + ion is more stable due to its higher bond order.
Explanation:Using Molecular Orbital Theory, He2 2+ and He2 + ions can be compared based on their bond order. Bond order is a measure of the stability of a bond. A higher bond order signifies greater stability. The He2 + ion has a bond order of 1, while the He2 2+ ion has a bond order of 0.5. Therefore, the major difference between He2 2+ and He2+ comes from their bond orders, and the He2+ ion is considered more stable because its bond order is higher.
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Answer =
3) How many moles are there in 454 g of carbon? How many atoms is this?
1 mol =
-
8C
1 mol =
atoms C
Answer=
Answer:
37.83 moles
Explanation:
moles = grams / formula weight = 454 grams / 12g/mol = 37.83 moles
What is the H* concentration in a solution with a
pH of 1.25?
x 10" Mn=
Answer:
[H+] = 0.0562 M
Explanation:
Message me for more help.
H⁺ concentration in a solution with a pH of 1.25 is 0.0562.
What is pH?pH may be defined as a measure of acidity of a substance.
More precisely, pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
pH = - log [H⁺]
The range of pH extends from zero to 14.
A pH value of 7 is neutral, because pure water has a pH value of exactly 7. Values lower than 7 are acidic; values greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.
pH measurements can be made using litmus paper or pH paper known to change colors around a certain pH value.
A universal indicator is a mixture of indicator solutions intended to provide a color change over a pH range of 2 to 10.
pH measurements can also be done with pH meters that give the exact value of pH.
Given,
pH = 1.25
We know that, pH = - log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = antilog [ -pH]
[H⁺] = antilog [ -1.25]
= 0.0562 M
Therefore, H⁺ concentration in a solution with a pH of 1.25 is 0.0562.
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What is the mole ratio of PbO2 to water?
PbO, H,0 = 1:0
Answer:
The mole ratio of PbO2 to H2O is 1 : 2.
Explanation:
The balanced reaction equation is:
Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
On the reactant side, we have 1 mole of Pb, 1 mole of PbO2, 2 moles of H2SO4.
On the product side, we have 2 moles of PbSO4 and 2 moles of H2O.
This means that for ever 1 mole of PbO2 consumed, 2 moles of water is formed as product.
Hence, the mole ratio of PbO2 to H2O is 1 : 2.
What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
freckles with curly hair
freckles with straight hair
no freckles with curly hair
no freckles with straight hair
SHIRTS
TUNG
W
WORD
CLE
COLE
ROUTE
G
LOBREGA
Savo
WORLD
BAL
What’s the answer
Answer:freckles with straight hair
Explanation:
Answer:
The Answer is B Freckles with Straight Hair
Explanation:
Early Merry Christmas Everyone
Practice the Skill 21.15a When the following ketone is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide, the aldol product is obtained in poor yields. In these cases, special distillation techniques are used to increase the yield of aldol product. Predict the aldol addition product that is obtained, and propose a mechanism for its formation. For the mechanism, draw the curved arrows as needed. Include lone pairs and charges in your answer. Do not draw out any hydrogen explicitly in your products. Do not use abbreviations such as Me or Ph.
Answer:
OH OH ONa NaOH OH
Explanation:
See attached image
Which molecular formula is also an empirical formula?
A. PCl3
B. C2H4
C. H2O2
D. C6H12O6
Answer:
The molecular formula [tex]PCl_{3}[/tex] is also an empirical formula.
Explanation:
Empirical formula of a compound represents the simplest positive integer ratio of constituting atoms.
Molecular formula may or may not be equal to empirical formula.
In general, if [tex]A_{x}B_{y}[/tex] is the empirical formula then molecular formula is [tex]A_{nx}B_{ny}[/tex] where n = 1, 2, 3......
Empirical formula Molecular formula
[tex]PCl_{3}[/tex] [tex]PCl_{3}[/tex]
[tex]CH_{2}[/tex] [tex](CH_{2})_{2}[/tex] or [tex]C_{2}H_{4}[/tex]
OH [tex](OH)_{2}[/tex] or [tex]H_{2}O_{2}[/tex]
[tex]CH_{2}O[/tex] [tex](CH_{2}O)_{6}[/tex] or [tex]C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}[/tex]
Hence the molecular formula [tex]PCl_{3}[/tex] is also an empirical formula.
A molecular formula which also represents the empirical formula has its atoms in the simplest whole number ratio. For the given options, PCl3 is an example of this as its phosphorus to chlorine ratio is 1:3.
Explanation:The empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of its atoms while the molecular formula represents the actual number of atoms in a molecule. A molecular formula will also represent the empirical formula if the ratio of its atoms are in their simplest form. Considering the options, we can say that A. PCl3 is also an empirical formula because the ratio of phosphorus to chlorine atoms is in its simplest form, 1:3.
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9. For each reaction listed, identify the proton donor (or acid) and the proton acceptor(or base).
Label each conjugate acid-base pair.
a. CH3COOH + H2O 2 H30° + CH3C00-
b. HCO3 + H2O = H2CO3 + OH
C. HNO3 + SO42- à HSO4 + NO3
Answer:
Explanation:
conjugate acid, based on Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound that is formed by the reception of a proton by a base
a. CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇌ H₃0⁺ + CH₃C00-
Acid <> CH₃COOH
Base <> H₂O
Conjugate acid <> H₃0 +
Conjugate base <>CH₃C00-
b. HCO₃ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃⁻ + OH⁻
Acid <> H₂O
Base <> HCO₃
Conjugate acid <> H₂CO₃⁻
Conjugate base <>OH⁻
C. HNO₃ + SO₄²⁻ ⇌ HSO₄⁻ + NO₃⁻
Acid <>HNO₃
Base <>SO₄²⁻
Conjugate acid <>HSO₄⁻
Conjugate base <>NO₃⁻
A Bronsted acid is reffered to as a proton donor while a Bronsted base is a proton acceptor
In the reaction CH3COOH + H2O -> H3O+ + CH3C00-, CH3COOH is the proton donor and H2O is the proton acceptor. In the reaction HCO3- + H2O -> H2CO3 + OH-, HCO3- is the proton donor and H2O is the proton acceptor. In the reaction HNO3 + SO42- -> HSO4- + NO3-, HNO3 is the proton donor and SO42- is the proton acceptor.
Explanation:a. In the reaction CH3COOH + H2O -> H30+ + CH3C00-, CH3COOH is the proton donor (acid) and H2O is the proton acceptor (base). The conjugate acid-base pairs are CH3COOH/CH3COO- and H3O+/H2O.
b. In the reaction HCO3- + H2O -> H2CO3 + OH-, HCO3- is the proton donor (acid) and H2O is the proton acceptor (base). The conjugate acid-base pairs are HCO3-/H2CO3 and H2O/OH-
c. In the reaction HNO3 + SO42- -> HSO4- + NO3-, HNO3 is the proton donor (acid) and SO42- is the proton acceptor (base). The conjugate acid-base pairs are HNO3/NO3- and HSO4-/SO42-
What of the following is true if the pH of a solution decreases?
[H+] increases
[OH-] increases
Kw increases
Kw decreases
None
Answer:
[H⁺] increases
Explanation:
What of the following is true if the pH of a solution decreases?
[H⁺] increases. TRUE.The pH and the [H⁺] are related through the following expression.
pH = -log [H⁺]
According to this, there is an inverse relation between the pH and the [H⁺]. When the pH decreases, the [H⁺] increases.
[OH⁻] increases. FALSE.The [H⁺] and the [OH⁻] are inversely related through the following expression.
[H⁺] × [OH⁻] = Kw
As we saw, when the pH decreases, the [H⁺] increases. Then, the [OH⁻] decreases.
Kw increases. FALSE. Kw is constant at a given temperature.Kw decreases. FALSE. Kw is constant at a given temperature.What causes the formation of ionic bonds?
When two or more atoms loss or gain electrons to produce an ion there is a formation of ionic bonds.
What do you mean by an ionic bond ?The bond is produced when an atom, specially a metal, loses an electron or electrons, and becomes a positive ion, or cation. Another atom, typically a non-metal, is able to get the electron(s) to become a negative ion, or anion.
Ionic bonds affect a cation and an anion.Ionic bonds are produce only between metals and nonmetals.
The ionic bond is produce through the transportation of electrons from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms. The metal atoms lose their valence electrons to attain a stable noble gas electron arrangement.
Thus, The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely-charged ions is known as ionic bond.
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A neutralization reaction between an acid and sodium hydroxide formed water and the salt named sodium sulfate. What was the formula of the acid that was neutralized? A neutralization reaction between an acid and sodium hydroxide formed water and the salt named sodium sulfate. What was the formula of the acid that was neutralized? H2SO4 Na2SO4 H2S HCl none of the above
Answer: The formula of the acid that was neutralized is [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]
Explanation:
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which acid and base combine to form salt and water. Acids donate [tex]H^+[/tex] and bases donate [tex]OH^-[/tex] in water which combine to form water molecules.
As the salt formed is [tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex] , the acid must contain [tex]SO_4[/tex] and thus the acid is [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]
The balanced chemical reaction is ;
[tex]H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O[/tex]
The formula of the acid that was neutralized is [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]
The formula of the acid that was neutralized is H₂SO₄.
The reaction is between an acid and a base sodium hydroxide.
The reaction between an acid and a base is called a neutralization reaction. The end product of neutralization reaction is salt and water.
An acid are substance which when dissolve in water produces hydrogen ion.
The acid involve in the neutralization reaction with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium sulphate is hydrogen sulphate( H₂SO₄).
The chemical reaction can be represented as follows:
H₂SO₄ + NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
The balanced equation will be
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
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Solutions of sodium acetate and acetic acid are combined in equal volume to produce a buffer. Identify the combination that will produce the buffer with the highest buffer capacity. Select one: a. 0.01 M CH3COOH , 0.1 M CH3COONa b. 0.1 M CH3COOH , 0.1 M CH3COONa c. 0.1 M CH3COOH , 0.01 M CH3COONa d. 0.01 M CH3COOH , 0.01 M CH3COONa
Answer:
Option b=> 0.1 M CH3COOH , 0.1 M CH3COONa.
Explanation:
In chemistry, when an acid or a base(alkali) is added to a solution and the solution pH does not change then we say that the solution is a BUFFER SOLUTION (that is a solution, upon the addition of acid or base will show resistance in pH value).
In order to be able to answer this question efficiently we have to consider the mathematical representation or Equation below;
pH = pKa + log ( [ A^-] / [HA] )--------------------------------------------------------------------(1).
What the mathematical representation or Equation (1) above is telling is is that if [A^-] or [HA] is high then there will be the production of buffer with higher buffer capacity.
(a) What is the total volume (in L) of gaseous products, measured at 350°C and 735 torr, when an automobile engine burns 100. g of C8H18 (a typical component of gasoline)? Page 253 (b) For part (a), the source of O2 is air, which is 78% N2, 21% O2, and 1.0% Ar by volume. Assuming all the O2 reacts, but no N2 or Ar does, what is the total volume (in L) of the engine’s gaseous exhaust?
Answer:
Part A
The volume of the gaseous product is [tex]V = 787L[/tex]
Part B
The volume of the the engine’s gaseous exhaust is [tex]V_e = 2178 \ L[/tex]
Explanation:
Part A
From the question we are told that
The temperature is [tex]T = 350^oC = 350 +273 =623K[/tex]
The pressure is [tex]P = 735 \ torr = \frac{735}{760} = 0.967\ atm[/tex]
The of [tex]C_8 H_{18} = 100.0g[/tex]
The chemical equation for this combustion is
[tex]2 C_8 H_{18}_{(l)} + 25O_2_{(l)} ----> 16CO_2_{(g)} + 18 H_2 O_{(g)}[/tex]
The number of moles of [tex]C_8 H_{18}[/tex] that reacted is mathematically represented as
[tex]n = \frac{mass \ of \ C_8H_{18} }{Molar \ mass \ of C_8H_{18} }[/tex]
The molar mass of [tex]C_8 H_{18}[/tex] is constant value which is
[tex]M = 114.23 \ g/mole[/tex]
So [tex]n = \frac{100 }{114.23} }[/tex]
[tex]n = 0.8754 \ moles[/tex]
The gaseous product in the reaction is [tex]CO_2_{(g)}[/tex] and water vapour
Now from the reaction
2 moles of [tex]C_8 H_{18}[/tex] will react with 25 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] to give (16 + 18) moles of [tex]CO_2_{(g)}[/tex] and [tex]H_2 O_{(g)}[/tex]
So
1 mole of [tex]C_8 H_{18}[/tex] will react with 12.5 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] to give 17 moles of [tex]CO_2_{(g)}[/tex] and [tex]H_2 O_{(g)}[/tex]
This implies that
0.8754 moles of [tex]C_8 H_{18}[/tex] will react with (12.5 * 0.8754 ) moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] to give (17 * 0.8754) of [tex]CO_2_{(g)}[/tex] and [tex]H_2 O_{(g)}[/tex]
So the no of moles of gaseous product is
[tex]N_g = 17 * 0.8754[/tex]
[tex]N_g = 14.88 \ moles[/tex]
From the ideal gas law
[tex]PV = N_gRT[/tex]
making V the subject
[tex]V = \frac{N_gRT}{P}[/tex]
Where R is the gas constant with a value [tex]R = 0.08206 \ L\cdot atm /K \cdot mole[/tex]
Substituting values
[tex]V = \frac{14.88* 0.08206 *623}{0.967}[/tex]
[tex]V = 787L[/tex]
Part B
From the reaction the number of moles of oxygen that reacted is
[tex]N_o = 0.8754 * 12.5[/tex]
[tex]N_o = 10.94 \ moles[/tex]
The volume is
[tex]V_o = \frac{10.94 * 0.08206 *623}{0.967}[/tex]
[tex]V_o = 579 \ L[/tex]
No this volume is the 21% oxygen that reacted the 79% of air that did not react are the engine gaseous exhaust and this can be mathematically evaluated as
[tex]V_e = V_o * \frac{0.79}{0.21}[/tex]
Substituting values
[tex]V_e = 579 * \frac{0.79}{0.21}[/tex]
[tex]V_e = 2178 \ L[/tex]
The total volume of gaseous products produced from the combustion of 100g C8H18 is approximately 382 L. By considering the composition of air and that N2 and Ar do not react, you can calculate the total volume of the gaseous exhaust.
Upon seeing this question, the first step is to write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of C8H18, which is ubiquitous in gasoline:
C8H18 + 12.5 O2 -> 8 CO2 + 9 H2O
This looks complex, but the Ideal Gas Law simplifies everything. According to the stoichiometric ratio, 1 mole of C8H18 will produce 8 moles of CO2 and 9 moles of H2O when burnt, totalling 17 moles of gas. The molar mass of C8H18 is around 114 g/mol, so 100g is approximately 0.877 moles.
Therefore, upon combustion, 0.877 * 17 = 14.9 moles of gas are produced. Applying the Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT), keeping in mind that 350°C is 623K and 1 atm is 760 torr, we have: (nR(623K)/735torr) = V. Plugging the numbers and making sure to keep the units consistent, we get V = 14.9 x 0.0821 x 623 / 0.967 = approximately 382 L.
Coming to part (b), considering the composition of air and assuming no N2 or Ar reacts, you find that for every L of O2 burned, 1L of air is consumed. Adding the total volume of gas from part (a) and the extra nitrogen and argon, you find the total volume of the engine's gaseous exhaust.
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Matt has found a book on various marine zones. A picture illustrates a zone that shows diffused penetration of sunlight in water, but no marine plants. There are a few marine fish though. Which zone is illustrated?
Answer:
the mesopelagic, dysphotic, or twilight zone
Explanation:
Marine zones are the divisions of the ocean. The ocean is divided into two basic parts; the pelagic or open ocean, and the benthic or sea floor.
The pelagic zone is further divided into five broad zones according to how far down sunlight penetrates and they are:
1) the epipelagic, euphotic, or sunlit zone: the top layer of the ocean where enough sunlight penetrates for plants to carry on photosynthesis.
2) the mesopelagic, dysphotic, or twilight zone: a dim zone where some light penetrates, but not enough for plants to grow.
3) the bathypelagic, aphotic, or midnight zone: the deep ocean layer where no light penetrates.
4) the abyssal zone: the pitch-black bottom layer of the ocean; the water here is almost freezing and its pressure is immense.
5) the hadal zone: the waters found in the ocean's deepest trenches.
One type of water softener is precipitation softening, also known as ion-exchange. Based on the reactants used (Na2CO3 and CaCl2), what ions would remain in the softened water that would be consumed by the homeowners? What could be some negative aspects of consuming these ions?
Answer:
Explanation:
In ion exchange softener , the minerals of hard water are in the form of ions of Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² . They are replaced by Na⁺ ion . The Na⁺ that resides on the bed of resin used in ion exchange softener make all heavy ions like Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² . In this way all the hard ions of hard water are removed and they are replaced by Na⁺ ion . hard ions are removed because they form insoluble compounds so they are precipitated out.
The ion that remains in soft water is Na⁺ ion.
The negative aspect of consuming this ion is that it is harmful for those suffering from heart ailment like heart pressure.
2. If 2.50g of sodium hydroxide is being reacted with 4.30g of magnesium chloride, how many grams of magnesium hydroxide would be produced?
how should i go about solving this equation
Answer:
1.822 g of magnesium hydroxide would be produced.
Explanation:
Balanced reaction: [tex]2NaOH+MgCl_{2}\rightarrow Mg(OH)_{2}+2NaCl[/tex]
Compound Molar mass (g/mol)
NaOH 39.997
[tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] 95.211
[tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex] 58.3197
So, 2.50 g of NaOH = [tex]\frac{2.50}{39.997}[/tex] mol of NaOH = 0.0625 mol of NaOH
4.30 g of [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{4.30}{95.211}[/tex] mol of [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0452 mol of [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex]
According to balanced equation-
2 mol of NaOH produce 1 mol of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex]
So, 0.0625 mol of NaOH produce [tex](\frac{0.0625}{2})[/tex] mol of NaOH or 0.03125 mol of NaOH
1 mol of [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] produces 1 mol of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex]
So, 0.0452 mol of [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] produce 0.0452 mol of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex]
As least number of moles of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex] are produced from NaOH therefore NaOH is the limiting reagent.
So, amount of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex] would be produced = 0.03125 mol
= [tex](0.03125\times 58.3197)[/tex] g
= 1.822 g
To find the grams of magnesium hydroxide produced, you need to balance the chemical equation and calculate stoichiometry.
To find the grams of magnesium hydroxide produced, we need to balance the chemical equation and calculate the stoichiometry.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2NaOH + MgCl2 → Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Using the molar masses of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), we can calculate the grams of magnesium hydroxide produced:
Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide and magnesium chloride using their respective masses and molar masses.Use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to determine the moles of magnesium hydroxide produced.Convert the moles of magnesium hydroxide to grams using its molar mass.After performing these calculations, we find that 4.59g of magnesium hydroxide would be produced.
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What volume (mL) of a 15% (m/v) NaOH solution contains 120 g NaOH
Answer:
8.0*10^2
Explanation:
What volume (in milliliters) of a 15% (m/v) NaOH solution contains 120 g NaOH?
For 15% (m/v), the conversion factor can be 15%/100 mL or 100 mL/15%. In this case, 100 mL/15% is used because we need mL as our final expression. 100 mL/15% * 120 g NaOH= 800 mL NaOH. In scientific notation: 8.0*10² or 8.0e² mL NaOH.
To find the volume of a 15% (m/v) NaOH solution that contains 120 grams of NaOH, use the formula V = (mass of solute x 100) / %m/v, which results in 800 mL. Therefore, the correct answer is E) 800 mL.
To find the volume of a 15% (m/v) NaOH solution that contains 120 grams of NaOH, we will use the formula for mass/volume percentage concentration:
%m/v = (mass of solute/volume of solution) x 100%
Given:
Mass of NaOH (solute) = 120 g
Concentration of NaOH solution = 15% (m/v)
We need to find the volume of the solution (V).
Rearranging the formula to solve for V:
V = (mass of solute x 100%) / %m/v
Substituting the given values:
V = (120 g x 100%) / 15%
Converting the percentage:
V = (120 g x 100) / 15 = 12,000 / 15 = 800 mL
Therefore, 800 mL of a 15% NaOH solution contains 120 g NaOH. The correct answer is E) 800 mL.
What volume (mL) of a 15% (m/v) NaOH solution contains 120 g NaOH?
A) 18 mL
B) 0.13 mL
C) 13 mL
D) 120 mL
E) 800 mL
Match the terms in the first list with the characteristics in the second list.1. adsorption chromatography2. partition chromatography3. ion-exchange chromatography4. molecular exclusion chromatography5. affinity chromatography
A. Ions in mobile phase are attracted to counterions covalently attached to stationary phase
B. Solute in mobile phase is attracted to specific groups covalently attached to stationary phase
C. Solute equilibrates between mobile phase and surface of stationary phase
D. Solute equilibrates between mobile phase and film of liquid attached to stationary phase
E. Different-sized solutes penetrate pores in stationary phase to different extents. Large solutes are eluted first.
Answer: Please See answers below
Explanation:
A. Ions in mobile phase are attracted to counterions covalently attached to stationary phase -----Ion Exchange Chromatography
B. Solute in mobile phase is attracted to specific groups covalently attached to stationary phase -----Affinity Chromatography
C. Solute equilibrates between mobile phase and surface of stationary phase -----Adsorption Chromatography
D. Solute equilibrates between mobile phase and film of liquid attached to stationary phase --- Partition Chromatography
E. Different-sized solutes penetrate pores in stationary phase to different extents. Large solutes are eluted first. ---Molecular Exclusion Chromatography
what is the mass of 1.25 moles of Na2O?
Answer:
Explanation:
I have the same question
what is number of unpaired
electron of Mg
Answer:
2 unpaired Electrons
Explanation:
Answer:
I was told 2 I'm not so sure, But if it's wrong I'm Sorry :( I'm having a sorta bad day...I'm trying to help everyone to make my troubles go away god bless you and have a wonderful day, ~~ Night.
Enter your answer in the provided box. Lead(II) nitrate is added slowly to a solution that is 0.0400 M in Cl− ions. Calculate the concentration of Pb2+ ions (in mol / L) required to initiate the precipitation of PbCl2.
(Ksp for PbCl2 is 2.40 × 10−4.)
Answer:
the concentration of Pb2+ ions is [tex][Pb^{2+}] } = 0.15 mol/L[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The concentration of [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] is [tex]C_s = 0.0400 M[/tex]
The reaction is
[tex]Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- ----> PbCl_2[/tex]
The solubility constant for this reaction is mathematically represented as
[tex]K_{sp} = [Pb^{2+}][Cl^{-}]^2[/tex]
Substituting values
[tex]2.4 0 * 10^{-4} = 0.0400^2 * [Pb^{2+}][/tex]
[tex][Pb^{2+}] } = \frac{2.4 0 * 10^{-4} }{0.0400^2 }[/tex]
[tex][Pb^{2+}] } = 0.15 mol/L[/tex]
The starting materials for this reaction are ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. The letters A and B represent organic groups that are unreactive. What reactive organic functional group does ethylene glycol (containing the A functional group) contain?
Answer:
Functional groups are group of atoms which are responsible for the reactivity of compound. In ethylene glycol, organic functional group is OH which is ALCOHOL.
Explanation:
Ethylene glycol, the starting material in the reaction, contains two reactive hydroxyl groups (-OH). These groups enable it to react with terephthalic acid, which has carboxylic acid functional groups, resulting in a polymerization reaction that forms a plastic named polyethylene terephthalate.
Explanation:Ethylene glycol, also known as 1,2-ethanediol, is an organic compound with two hydroxyl groups (-OH). These hydroxyl groups are the reactive functional groups in ethylene glycol, making it a type of alcohol. In the context of the reaction mentioned, ethylene glycol can react with terephthalic acid, another organic molecule with carboxylic acid (-COOH) as the functional group, which will yield a polymer called polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
PET is a type of plastic used commonly for making bottles, films, and fibers for clothing. The formation of plastics by reaction of alcohols (like ethylene glycol) and carboxylic acids (like terephthalic acid) is known as a polymerization reaction. In these reactions, many small monomer units (the alcohol and the acid, in this case) join together to form a large polymer molecule.
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What happens to the temperature of the liquid in a cup of water as some of the water evaporates?
A the temperature increases because there are fewer molecules to share energy between
B the temperature decreases because new molecular bonds form
C the temperature decreases because the most energetic molecules escape
D the temperature increases because the vapor pressure increases
Answer: c: The temperature decreases because the most energetic molecules escape
Explanation:
Evaporation is surface phenomenon in which liquid molecules gain energy from surrounding molecules and thus these high energy molecules escape from the surface in the form of vapors thus leaving low energy molecules in the system. As the kinetic energy of the left molecules decreases, the temperature of the molecules decreases as kinetic energy is directly proportional to temperature. Thus low temperature results in cooling of the system.
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A student wishes to calculate the experimental value of Ksp for AgI. S/he follows the procedure in Part 3 and finds Ecell to be 0.839 V. S/he does not perform Part 2; instead, s/he uses the theoretical slope of the Nernst plot for an Ag/Ag+ concentration cell, as instructed by her/his TA; this value is −0.0591 V. (a) What is the concentration of Ag+(aq) in the saturated solution of AgI (i.e., [Ag+ ]dilute)? ([Ag+ ]conc = 1.0 ✕ 10−1 M.) M (b) Using [I− ] = 0.20 M, calculate the experimental Ksp. (c) Suppose s/he mistakenly uses 1.039 V as Ecell. How does this affect [Ag+ ]dilute? Will it be too high, too low, or unaffected?
Answer:
a) [Ag+]dilute = 6.363 × 10⁻¹⁶ M
b) 1.273 × 10⁻¹⁶
c) 2.629×10⁻¹⁹ M Thus; the value for [Ag+ ]dilute will be too low
Explanation:
In an Ag | Ag+ concentration cell ,
The anode reaction can be written as :
Ag ----> Ag+(dilute) + e- &:
The cathode reaction can be written as:
Ag+(concentrated) + e- ----> Ag
The Overall Reaction : is
Ag+(concentrated) -----> Ag+(dilute)
However, the Standard Reduction potential of cell = E°cell = 0
( since both cathode and anode have same Ag+║Ag )
Also , given that the theoretical slope is - 0.0591 V
Therefore; the reduction potential of cell ; i.e
Ecell = E°cell - 0.0591 V × log ( [Ag+]dilute / [Ag+]concentrated )
0.839 V = 0 - 0.0591 V × log ( [Ag+]dilute / ( 1.0 × 10⁻¹ M ) )
log ( [Ag+]dilute / ( 1.0 × 10⁻¹ M ) ) = - 14.1963
[Ag+]dilute = [tex]\mathbf{10^{-14.1963} }[/tex] × 1.0 × 10⁻¹ M
[Ag+]dilute = 6.363 × 10⁻¹⁶ M
b)
AgI ----> Ag + (dilute) + I⁻
So , Solubility product = Ksp = [Ag⁺]dilute × [I⁻]
= 6.363 × 10⁻¹⁶ M × 0.20 M
= 1.273 × 10⁻¹⁶
c) If s/he mistakenly uses 1.039 V as Ecell; then the value for [Ag+]dilute will be :
Ecell = E°cell - 0.0591 V × log ( [Ag+]dilute / [Ag+]concentrated )
1.039 V = 0 - 0.0591 V × log ( [Ag+]dilute / ( 1.0 × 10⁻¹ M ) )
log ( [Ag+]dilute / ( 1.0 × 10⁻¹ M ) ) = - 17.5804
[Ag+]dilute = [tex]\mathbf{10^{-17.5804} }[/tex] × 1.0 × 10⁻¹ M
[Ag+]dilute = 2.629×10⁻¹⁹ M
Thus, the value for [Ag+ ]dilute will be too low
Nonmetal oxides can react with water to form acids. For example, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid: CO2 H2O H2CO3. (1) Write an equation to show how diiodine pentaoxide reacts with water to form an acid. Do not include states. Balanced equation for reaction (smallest integer coefficients): (2) What is the name of the acid (include 'acid'):
Answer:
Explanation:
Diiodine pentoxide is I₂O₅
Reaction with water
I₂O₅ + H₂O = 2HIO₃
2 ) HIO₃ is called iodic acid.
Final answer:
Nonmetal oxides react with water to form acids. One example is the reaction of diiodine pentaoxide with water to produce iodic acid.
Explanation:
Nonmetal oxides react with water to form acids. One example is the reaction of diiodine pentaoxide with water to produce iodic acid.
(1) Equation:
Diiodine pentaoxide + Water → 2HI + HIO3
(2) Acid Name:
Iodic acid