Final answer:
Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, when dissolved in water, has a basic pH close to 9.0, classifying it as a weak base.
Explanation:
When sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is dissolved in water, it exhibits basic properties. The pH of a baking soda solution is closest to 9.0, which means it is a weak base. Water is neutral with a pH of 7.0, whereas a substance with a pH higher than 7.0 is considered alkaline or basic.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Acids have a pH less than 7, and bases have a pH greater than 7. The pH of a substance is determined by its concentration of hydronium ions. Baking soda has a lower concentration of hydronium ions compared to pure water, thereby making it a base with a pH higher than 7.
In practical applications, baking soda is used to neutralize acids, such as in bee sting treatments or when mixed with acetic acid in vinegar during bread preparation.
The ____ _____ of an element includes atomic number plus the number of neutrons.
Which of the following equations violates the law of conservation of mass?
A) 2Al + 6HCl yields 2AlCl3 + 3H2
B) Na2C2O4 + Pb(NO3)2 yields PbC2O4 + 2NaNO3
C) AgNO3 + LiCl yields AgCl + LiNO3
D) 3Ca + 2Cr(NO3)3 yields 3Ca(NO3)3 + 2Cr
Answer: Option (D) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Law of conservation of mass states that energy can neither be created nor it can be destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another.
Therefore, in a chemical reaction an equation can only be balanced if the number of reactants equal the number of products because energy required for reactants is utilized in the formation of the products.
For example, [tex]2Al + 6HCl \rightarrow 2AlCl_{3} + 3H_{2}[/tex] is a balanced equation because the number of reactant atoms equal the number of product atoms.
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options, [tex]3Ca + 2Cr(NO3)_3 \rightarrow 3Ca(NO3)_{3} + 2Cr[/tex] equations violates the law of conservation of mass because number of reactant atoms does not equal the number of product atoms.
Which the following is an example of an organic compound that contains an attached carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain?
ketone
aldehyde
ether
amine
Answer : The correct option is, Aldehyde.
Explanation :
Ketone group : It is the class of organic compound in which the [tex]-CO[/tex] group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as ketone.
The general representation of ketone are, [tex]R-CO-R'[/tex].
For example : Acetone, [tex]H_3C-CO-CH_3[/tex]
Aldehyde group : It is the class of organic compound in which the [tex]-CHO[/tex] group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as aldehyde.
The general representation of aldehyde are, [tex]R-CHO[/tex].
For example : Ethanal , [tex]H_3C-CH_2-CHO[/tex]
Ether group : It is the class of organic compound in which the oxygen is directly attached to the two alkyl group of carbon is known as ether.
The general representation of ether are, [tex]R-O-R^'[/tex].
For example : Dimethyl ether, [tex]H_3C-O-CH_3[/tex]
Amine group : It is the class of organic compound in which the [tex]-NH_2[/tex] group is directly attached to the alkyl group of carbon is known as amine.
The general representation of amine are, [tex]R-NH_2[/tex].
For example : Ethylamine, [tex]H_3C-CH_2-NH_2[/tex]
As per question, aldehyde is an example of an organic compound that contains an attached carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain.
Hence, the correct option is, Aldehyde.
Do compounds have the same properties as the elements that make them up?
What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between a singly charged sodium ion and an adjacent singly charged chlorine ion?
Sulfuric acid is a component of acid rain formed when gaseous sulfur dioxide pollutant reacts with gaseous oxygen and liquid water to form aqueous sulfuric acid. part a write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. express your answer as a chemical equation. identify all of the phases in your answer.
Answer:
The chemical reaction is :
[tex]2SO_2(g)+O_2(g)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2H_2SO_4(aq)[/tex]
Explanation:
When sulfur dioxide gas reacts with oxygen gas and liquid water it gives aqueous solution of sulfuric acid.
This is reason behind the acidic nature of the rain water during acid rain.The chemical reaction is given as:
[tex]2SO_2(g)+O_2(g)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2H_2SO_4(aq)[/tex]
According to stoichiometry, 2 moles of sulfur dioxide gas reacts with 1 mole of oxygen gas and 2 moles of water to give 2 moles of aqueous sulfuric acid.
Is the polar head of a soap molecule more attracted to calcium or sodium ions?
A solution which contains maximum solute at a given temperature is
Answer: saturated
Explanation:
Saturated solution is defined as the solution in which no more solute particles can be dissolved in the solvent and thus contain maximum solute at a given temperature.
Unsaturated solution is defined as the solution in which more solute particles can be dissolved in the solvent at any particular temperature.
Supersaturated solution is defined as the solution in which more amount of solute particles is present than the solvent particles and thus the solute is in precipitated form.
what is the first step when calculating the molar mass of a compound ? A.multiply the total number of atoms in the compound by the compound by the combined molar mass.B.Add the total number of atoms for each element of the compound together.C.add the molar mass for each element of the compound together to find the total.D.multiply the number of atoms for each element in the compound by the molar mass.
To calculate the molar mass of a compound, first retrieve the atomic masses for each element from the periodic table, multiply them by the number of atoms in the compound, and add the totals.
Explanation:The first step when calculating the molar mass of a compound is to identify the atomic masses of each element in the compound. You can find these on the periodic table. Once you have the atomic masses, count the number of atoms for each element in the molecular formula. Then, multiply this number by the atomic mass for each element. Finally, add up all of these values to get the total molar mass.
For example, to calculate the molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6), you would do the following:
Identify the atomic masses from the periodic table: Carbon (C) 12.01 g/mol, Hydrogen (H) 1.008 g/mol, and Oxygen (O) 15.999 g/mol.Multiply the number of each type of atom by its atomic mass: (6 \\* 12.01) + (12 \\* 1.008) + (6 \\* 15.999).Add these amounts together to find the total molar mass of glucose.Why is it necessary to find the percent yield of a reaction?
A) to determine the efficiency of the reaction
B) to determine the amount of reactants in the reaction
C) to determine the amount of products in the reaction
D) to determine the limiting reactant of the reaction
The percent yield of a reaction is used to measure the efficiency of a given chemical reaction. It signifies how effectively the reactants have been converted to products. It does not directly indicate the number of reactants, products, or the limiting reactant.
Explanation:The purpose of finding the percent yield of a chemical reaction is primarily to determine the efficiency of the reaction. The term 'percent yield' represents the ratio of the actual yield (the amount of product actually generated in a reaction) to the theoretical yield (the maximum amount of product that could potentially be generated) multiplied by 100.
It does not directly allow us to determine the number of reactants or products, nor the limiting reactant of the reaction; its purpose rather is to assess how effectively the reactants have been converted into products. A high percent yield, close to 100%, means that the reaction was very efficient with little waste or side reactions taking place.
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) write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when methanol, ch3oh (l), is burned in air. what is the coefficient of oxygen in the balanced equation
Answer : The coefficient used for the oxygen in balanced chemical reaction is, 3.
Explanation :
Balanced chemical reaction : It is defined as the number of atoms of individual elements present on reactant side must be equal to the product side.
When methanol is burned in air then it react to give carbon dioxide and water as a products.
The balanced chemical reaction will be,
[tex]2CH_3OH(l)+3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2CO_2(s)+4H_2O(g)[/tex]
This reaction is a combustion reaction in which a hydrocarbon react with oxygen to given carbon dioxide and water as a products.
By stoichiometry we can say that, 2 mole of methanol react with 3 moles of oxygen to give 2 moles of carbon dioxide and 4 moles of water.
Hence, from the balanced chemical reaction we conclude that the coefficient used for the oxygen is 3.
The balanced equation is:
2 CH3OH + 3 O2 -----> 2 H2O + 2 CO2 and the coefficient of oxygen is 3.What is the balanced equation of the combustion of methanol?Combustion is a reaction of a substance with oxygen with the release of heat and light.
In the combustion of methanol, carbon(iv) oxide and water are produced.
The balanced equation is:
2 CH3OH + 3 O2 -----> 2 H2O + 2 CO2
Based on the balanced equation, the coefficient of oxygen is 3.
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How many lone pairs are on the central atom in BCl3
How many grams of hydrochloric acid will react completely with a block of gold that is 3.2 cm by 3.8 cm by 2.8 cm, if the density of gold is 19.3 g/ml?
Consider the incomplete reaction below.
NaOH + X mc005-1.jpg NaCH3COO + H2O
What is X in this reaction?
NH4OH
H3PO4
H2CO3
CH3COOH
NaOH + X → NaCH3COO + H2O
In the incomplete reaction above x is CH3COOH ( acetic acid)
Explanation
carboxylic acid react with metal hydroxide to form salt and water. sodium hydroxide (NaOH) react with acetic acid to form sodium acetate ( NaCH3COO and water H2O.NaOH + CH3COOH → NaCH3COO (salt) + H2O
The density of water is equal to 1.0 g/cm3. a substance with density equal to 0.9 g/cm3 would _____ in water.
Answer: sink
Explanation:
Which of the following is not an acid-base neutralization reaction?
NH3 + HCl yields NH4Cl
H2 + Br2 yields 2 HBr
HCl + HBr yields H2 + ClBr
2 HBr + Ca(OH)2 yields CaBr2 + 2 H2O
Predict how the addition of hydrogen gas would affect the initial rate of the reaction below, and explain your prediction.
H2 (g) + I2 (g) -> 2 HI
Explanation:
According to Le Chaltelier's principle, when a system is in chemical equilibrium and there occurs any change in concentration, temperature, or pressure then the equilibrium will shift in the direction which is opposing the change.
For example, when concentration of hydrogen gas is increased for the reaction [tex]H_{g} + I_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2HI[/tex] then equilibrium will shift of the right hand side.
That is, formation of product will become faster on increasing the concentration of hydrogen gas.
In order to buffer a strong acid into a weak acid, which has a less dramatic effect on ph, what chemical should be used as the buffer?
In order to buffer a strong acid into a weak acid, salt of strong acid should be used as the buffer.
What are acids?
Acids are defined as substances which on dissociation yield H+ ions , and these substances are sour in taste. Compounds such as HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ are acids as they yield H+ ions on dissociation.
According to the number of H+ ions which are generated on dissociation acids are classified as mono-protic , di-protic ,tri-protic and polyprotic acids depending on the number of protons which are liberated on dissociation.
Acids are widely used in industries for production of fertilizers, detergents batteries and dyes.They are used in chemical industries for production of chemical compounds like salts which are produced by neutralization reactions.
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Which statements describe kinetic and potential energy? Check all that apply. Energy can be stored in the position of an object. Energy is not present in a moving object. Energy can be stored in the position of the particles that make up a substance. Energy exists as movement of the particles of a substance. Energy is greater in faster-moving particles than in slower-moving particles. Energy is lower in objects with greater mass than in objects with less mass.
Kinetic and potential energy is the form of energy, the object exists. Energy is neither created nor destroyed. It changes from one form to another.
The energy of the moving object is termed Kinetic energy. However, the stored energy or the energy of the object in the stationary position is the Potential energy.
Energy can be stored in the position of an object.The statement is true, as the stored energy is the potential energy.
Energy is not present in the moving object.This statement is false, as the moving object energy is the kinetic energy of the object.
Energy can be stored in the position of the particles that make up a substance.The statement is true, as the potential energy of the object is stored in its particles.
Energy exists as the movement of the particles of a substance.The movement of the particle of a substance will result in the kinetic energy of the substance. Thus the statement is true.
Energy is greater in faster-moving particles than in slower-moving particles.The statement is true, as fast the object moves more energy will be required and the conversion of more potential energy to kinetic energy takes place.
Energy is lower in objects with greater mass than in objects with less mass.The statement is false, as the greater the mass of the object, the greater will be the number of particles and more energy will be stored.
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Which is not one of the eight most common elements in Earth’s continental crust? silicon carbon aluminum oxygen
Answer: Carbon
Explanation: The top layer of the earth is known as lithosphere which contain the crust of the earth.
The earths crust contain some of the most abundant elements which facilitate the human life .
In this series of top abundant elements found in Earths continental crust, Oxygen scores the first position and after that Silicon comes as second and Aluminum bags the third position and so on.
Therefore, carbon does not even come in the top 10 elements which are most abundant in the earths crust.
The Hope diamond has a mass of 44.0 carats and a density of 3.51 g/cm3. What is the volume of the Hope diamond? (Hint: 1 carat = 0.200 g)
A.
2.5 g/cm3
B.
2.5 g
C.
2.5 cm3
D.
2.5 carats
To find the volume of the Hope diamond, first convert the mass from carats to grams, then divide by the given density. The calculation results in a volume of approximately 2.5 cm³, so the correct answer is option C.
The volume of the Hope diamond can be calculated using its mass and density. First, we convert the mass from carats to grams. Since 1 carat is equivalent to 0.200 grams, the Hope diamond's mass in grams is 44.0 carats × 0.200 g/carat = 8.8 grams. The density formula is density = mass/volume, which can be rearranged to find the volume as volume = mass/density. We use the given density of the diamond, 3.51 g/cm³, to get the volume: volume = 8.8 g / 3.51 g/cm³ = 2.51 cm³. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.5 cm³, so option C is correct.
Find the approximate atomic mass of a water molecule (h2o). give your answer in atomic mass units rounded to the nearest whole number.
Answer: 18 amu
Explanation:
The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.008 or 1 (rounded to the nearest whole number)
The atomic mass of oxygen is 15.999 or 16 (rounded to the nearest whole number)
There are 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in water.
1+1+16= 18 amu
Why is the law of definite proportions important?
Which chemical reaction is a single replacement reaction? A. Ba(ClO3)2 —> BaCl2 + 3O2 B. 2Mg + O2 —> 2MgO C. Zn + CuCl2 —> ZnCl2 + Cu
Zinc and magnesium metal each reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chloride salts of the respective metals, and hydrogen gas. a 11.20-g mixture of zinc and magnesium produces 0.6854 g of hydrogen gas upon being mixed with an excess of hydrochloric acid. determine the percent magnesium by mass in the original mixture.
Final answer:
The percent magnesium by mass in the original mixture is 153.2%.
Explanation:
To determine the percent magnesium by mass in the original mixture, we need to calculate the mass of magnesium in the mixture. We know that the total mass of the mixture is 11.20 g, and 0.6854 g of hydrogen gas is produced.
First, we need to calculate the moles of hydrogen gas produced. Since 1 mole of hydrogen gas is produced for every 2 moles of magnesium, we can use the molar mass of magnesium (24.31 g/mol) to find the moles of magnesium:
moles of Mg = (0.6854 g H₂) x (1 mol Mg / 2 mol H₂) x (24.31 g/mol) = 0.704 mol Mg
Next, we can calculate the mass of magnesium:
mass of Mg = (0.704 mol Mg) x (24.31 g/mol) = 17.12624 g Mg
Finally, we can calculate the percent magnesium by mass:
percent magnesium = (mass of Mg / total mass of mixture) x 100% = (17.12624 g / 11.20 g) x 100% = 153.2%
Why does every element except hydrogen need at least one neutron in its nucleus?
Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. By removing the repulsions among protons inside the nucleus, neutron provide the stability to an atom.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.
An atom of element contains neutrons and protons in the nucleus and electron that revolves around the nucleus. The purpose of neutron is to provide stability to an atom by minimizing the repulsion between protons inside the nucleus.
Therefore by removing the repulsions among protons inside the nucleus, neutron provide the stability to an atom.
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What atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between c1 and c2 in tetrafluoroethylene, c2f4?
The atomic or hybrid orbitals that make up the sigma bond between C1 and C2 in tetrafluoroethylene, C2F4 are the sp2 hybrid orbitals. Tetrafluoroethylene C2F4 has double bond between C1 and C2. So, sigma bond is made sp2hybrid orbitals.
To add, the simplest perfluorinated alkene, Tetrafluoroethylene belongs to the family of fluorocarbons.
Answer:
hybrid sp2 -orbital make up the sigma bond between C1 and C2 in tetrafluoroethylene
Explanation:
The tetrafluoroethylene has a double bond between the carbons and single bonds between each fluor and carbon because each carbon requires a full octet and each fluor requires a pair of electrons.
In chemistry, hybridization is the interaction of atomic orbitals within an atom to form new hybrid orbitals. In sp2 hybridization, an s orbital and two orbitals are combined p. For this hybridization to occur, the carbon must be attached to three atoms as is the case in the carbon atom in this case. On the other hand, the sigma bond (σ) is formed when there is a front overlap of atomic orbitals; and the pi (π) bond is formed when there is superposition of parallel p orbitals.
Atoms that form sp2 hybridizations can form compounds with double bonds, as in this case between both carbons. Simple bonds are known as sigma bons (σ) and double bonds are composed of a sigma bond and a pi bond. So double bond between sp2 hybrid orbitals formed by one sigma-bond and one pi-bond.
In summary, hybrid sp2-orbital make up the sigma bond between C1 and C2 in tetrafluoroethylene
A student places three ice cubes in a beaker and allows them to partially melt. if she measures the temperature of the water in the beaker, what will she most likely observe? explain your answer.
Temperature does not change during melting because the heat absorbed is used to overcome intermolecular forces rather than to increase the kinetic energy of the particles.
As long as both ice and water are present in the beaker, the temperature of the water will not increase.
The freezing point of water is 0°C (273 K).
The water's temperature should be 0°C (273 K).
When carrying out the experiment of putting three ice cubes in a beaker and letting them partially melt, the student will observe that when measuring the temperature, it will not change during the melting of the ice.
Physical States of WaterIt corresponds to the water cycle in nature, that is, the processes of water transformation, through:
FusionVaporizationSolidificationLiquefactionSublimationTherefore, there are two laws that determine fusion, which are related to a pure and crystalline substance under a certain pressure will not change its temperature and will remain constant.
This is because the heat absorbed is not used to increase the kinetic energy of the particles, but to overcome the forces of interaction between the molecules.
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The number of valence electrons in an element with electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 is ________.
Answer:
6
Explanation:
The given electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴.
The valence shell of an atom is the outermost orbit. Here the valence shell is 3 with electrons occupying the s and p orbitals.
The s orbital has 2 electrons and the 3p orbital has 6 electrons. So adding all the electrons in the 3s and 3p orbital we have a total of 6 electrons in the 3rd valence shell.
The number of valence electron in the element is 6 electrons
Valence electron(s) are the electrons located on the outermost shell of an atom.
From the question given above, we obtained:
Electronic configuration => 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁴
The valence shell is => 3s²3p⁴Total electron in valence shell = 2 + 4
Total electron in valence shell = 6 electronsTherefore, the number of valence electron in the element is 6 electrons.
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What type of energy is stored for use at a later time? Bond energy Free energy Kinetic energy Potential energy