When a manager compares employees to each other rather than to job performance standards in the performance review process, this is known as what type of rater error __________. contrast errors recency errors rater bias errors central tendency errors?

Answers

Answer 1
The answer is Contrast error
Answer 2

Final answer:

Contrast errors occur when a manager compares employees to one another rather than to job performance standards during performance evaluations. Rater errors like these undermine the accuracy of the assessments and may require strategies to mitigate their impact in systems like the 360-degree performance appraisals.

Explanation:

When a manager compares employees to each other rather than to job performance standards in the performance review process, this is known as contrast errors. Contrast errors are a type of rater error that can occur during performance evaluations when the person conducting the appraisal compares an individual not against a standard set of criteria, but against other employees. This comparison can lead to skewed results that do not accurately reflect an employee's performance or potential.

Rater errors can significantly impact the integrity of performance appraisals and the validity of the results they produce. Other forms of rater errors include recency errors, where recent performance is weighed more heavily than earlier performance; rater bias errors, influenced by personal prejudices; and central tendency errors, where raters avoid extreme ratings and rate most employees as average.

In a 360-degree performance appraisal, such biases can be mitigated to some extent by incorporating feedback from multiple sources, including supervisors, peers, subordinates, and sometimes customers, as well as the employees themselves. However, even in these systems, awareness and mitigation strategies for rater errors are critical to maintain the process's integrity and usefulness.


Related Questions

C. assume that we are back to talking about bags of oranges (a private good), but that the government has decided that tossed orange peels impose a negative externality on the public that must be rectified by imposing a $4-per-bag tax on sellers. what is the new equilibrium price? p* = $ . what is the new equilibrium quantity? q* = bag(s). if the new equilibrium quantity is the optimal quantity, by how many bags were oranges being overproduced before? q* = bag(s).

Answers

Final answer:

Externalities affect equilibrium price and quantity. In this case, a tax imposed because of the negative externality of discarded orange peels, leads from the original equilibrium of $15 and 440 bags to a new equilibrium of $30 and 410 bags, showing an overproduction of 30 bags originally.

Explanation:

In economics, when a negative externality is involved, it impacts the equilibrium price and quantity. In this scenario pertaining to the bags of oranges, a tax is imposed on the sellers due to the negative externality caused by tossed orange peels. This tax increases the cost of production, causing the supply curve to shift upwards. The original equilibrium price and quantity, before factoring in the tax, were $15 and 440 bags, respectively. However, after taking this negative externality into account, the new equilibrium is arrived at a price of $30 (P*) and a quantity of 410 bags (Q*). The shift in quantity from 440 to 410 bags signifies that 30 bags of oranges were being overproduced initially.

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To ensure that workers have the vital skills and are competent, many health care careers demand specific _______.

Answers

The answer for the blank space is "Credentials".

Credentials usually refer to a capability, accomplishment, quality, or part of a man's experience, particularly when used to show their appropriateness for something. It makes it easy for the health care careers to ensure that workers have the vital skills and are competent.

Korn/ferry international reported that amongst the 100 largest companies listed in 2011, that 96% of boards of directors had at least one female director
a. True
b. False

Answers

False,the report stated that the board directors amongs largest companies are less than 10% of executive directors are women because they continually worked on developing global corporate governance reform to help implement best practices.

Which buying method can save money but means you must have trust in the reliability of your supplier?
a. Economic order quantity
b. Fixed order
c. Last in first out
d. Just in time

Answers

D.) Just in time. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

The just in time buying method can save money, but means a person must have trust in the reliability of your supplier. Thus, option D is correct.

What is the buying method?

Buying can be divided into four categories based on the quantity of goods purchased. They are classified as conservative buying, speculative buying, tender buying, and contract buying.

The stages of the buying process are important because they assist salespeople in understanding and navigating a customer's purchasing journey.

Understanding each stage of the buyer's journey can help a salesperson guide a customer to the item they're looking for, increasing the likelihood that they'll buy.

Therefore, option D is correct, that the just in time buying method can save money, but it requires trust in the reliability of your supplier.

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Small-business owner marcos set up his adwords campaign by thinking of “obvious” keywords off of the top of his head. what's one way he might improve them?

Answers

Marcos can do a number of things. 1) He could approach an expert in ad keywords for assistance 2) He could search for his competitors products and see what keywords they use on their site 3) He could use a synonym generator on the web to generate synonyms for his keywords 4) He can use Google Adwords to see which keywords are most expensive - this will indicate that his keywords are popular and of my likelihood of getting the best hit.

Julia is preparing the balance sheet for her company. building and land are the only two assets classified as property, plant, and equipment, and each cost $60,000 dollars at purchase. the building has accumulated depreciation of $12,000. how should julia list this information on the balance sheet

Answers

Land and equipment are considered as fixed assets. As such, Julia should enter the two in long term fixed assets column and list their current values.

Short term assets
Long term fixed assets
Gross value of building
- Total depreciation value.

Over time though, she should carry out valuation to have  a true picture of how the land has appreciated in value.

You are on your way to meet with your manager about changing your work schedule, when you see a spill on the floor. what would you most likely do?

Answers

I would help clean it up. Then get back to the manager :)

As the ceo of a company that produces products for schools, hannah believes that her company needs not only to produce a profit but also to do things that benefit society. _______ guides hannah's beliefs.

Answers

Ethics guide Hannah's beliefs. The fact that she is not only focused on selling products but also motivated by the effect she can have on society is evident that she has a code of ethics. She cares about the community and wants to provide a means for our community to flourish through the products her company will provide to these schools.

Answer:

the answer is (A) that Hannah is negative about most things

Explanation:

The principle that allows you to perceive an orange shirt to be the same color under varying lighting conditions is known as:

Answers

This is color constancy. With this ability, a person can perceive and understand that a color exists under various external conditions, usually lighting or other types of distortion. It is thought to be due to specialized neurons in the primary visual cortex that allow us to make these declarations.

Answer:

C8

MkiijnnuiExplanation:

What nontraditional agricultural product has become an important part of african export economies?

Answers

Africa has started exporting products that are not common in their country.  These are vegetables and fruits which do not normally grow in Africa. The country has started exporting fruits and vegetables like snow peas, globe artichoke, Brussel sprout, passion fruit and pineapples to the European Nation. They were able to get money from this because these products have very high value in these countries.


Parties more interested in managerial accounting data than in financial accounting data include

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The phase of accounting that is concerned with providing information to managers for use within the organization.

Production manager, VP of Business Planning, Controller

Q 1.1: managerial accounting reports could not be described as

Answers

Managerial accounting reports could not be described as general purpose. It mainly focused on internal users Eg: Managers, because they are solely responsible for all accounting information of the company.Then it should be confidential and should not share with the external persons Eg: investors and creditors. Then reports should be up to date.
Final answer:

Managerial accounting reports are flexible, relevant, and timely, aiding internal decision-making and are not standardized since they are tailored for internal use and not bound by GAAP like financial accounting reports.

Explanation:

Managerial accounting reports are designed to provide information to internal users, such as managers and employees, to aid in decision-making processes within the organization. These reports are typically flexible, relevant, and timely, aimed at helping managers make strategic and operational decisions. Unlike financial accounting reports, which adhere to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and are intended for external stakeholders, managerial accounting reports are not subject to the same regulatory standards and are often tailored to meet the specific needs of the company's management.

One description that would not apply to managerial accounting reports is that they are standardized. Since managerial accounting focuses on internal decision-making, the format and content of the reports can vary greatly from one company to another based on management's informational needs. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to these types of reports, and they lack the level of standardization seen in financial accounting reports.

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With what type of product did the united states first enter the arena of technology?

Answers

Benjamin Franklin found and acquainted power with the USA. He likewise had numerous different developments such the wood stove. Benjamin Franklin initially stunned himself in 1746, while leading examinations on power with discovered items from around his home. After six years and precisely 261 years back today, the establishing father flew a kite joined to a key and a silk lace in a storm and adequately caught lightning in a jug.

The study of a single firm and how it determines prices would fall under:

Answers

It will fall under microeconomics. Microeconomics, from the prefix micro meaning small, it is a branch of economics that studies the actions of individuals and firms in making choices regarding the distribution of limited resources and the relations among these individuals and firms.One goal of microeconomics is to examine the market mechanisms that establish comparative prices among goods and services and allot limited resources among alternative uses. Microeconomics shows situations under which free markets lead to required allocations. It also analyzes market failure, where markets fail to make effective results.

Suppose you want to have $800,000 for retirement in 20 years. your account earns 5% interest compounded monthly.
a.how much would you need to deposit in the account each month? $
b.how much interest will you earn?

Answers

a. If you want to have $800,000 in your retirement account in 20 years' time, you need to deposit $1,946.31 each month.

b. You will earn a total interest of $332,884.98 at the end of 20 years.

Data and Calculations:

N (# of periods) = 240 (20 x 12)

I/Y (Interest per year) = 5%

PV (Present Value) = $0

FV (Future Value) = $800,000

Results

Monthly Deposit = $1,946.31

Sum of all periodic payments = $467,115.02

Total Interest = $332,884.98

Thus, you need to deposit $1,946.31 every month in the account.to have $800,000 in the retirement account in 20 years' time.

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Match each event with the correct description of the company’s use of social media.
Tiles:
This company used social media to give
consumers a peek into its operations.

This company used social media to create
consumer awareness about a new product.

This company used social media to increase
brand loyalty.

This company used social media to allow
consumers to be part of product development.
Pairs:
A company that makes cleaning products gives bloggers
a new cleaning kit before the product is on the market.

A company hosts a sweepstakes on a social media site
and gives the winners a lifetime supply of detergent.

An appliance company releases videos of its new,
high-tech manufacturing facility.

A fast food chain asks consumers to determine the next
drink flavor using the hashtag #NEWDRINK.

Answers

The answers are as follows:

1. A company that makes cleaning products gives bloggers a new cleaning kit before the product is on the market: This company used social media to create consumer awareness about a new product.

2. A company hosts a sweepstakes on a social media site and gives the winners a lifetime supply of detergent: This Company used social media to increase brand loyalty.

3. An appliance company releases videos of its new, high-tech manufacturing facility: This Company used social media to give
consumers a peek into its operations

4. A fast food chain asks consumers to determine the next drink flavor using the hashtag #NEWDRINK: This Company used social media to allow consumers to be part of product development

 

Below is a list of each social media example with the matching marketing strategy:

This company used social media to give consumers a peek into its operations.

- An appliance company releases videos of its new, high-tech manufacturing facility.

This company used social media to create consumer awareness about a new product.

- A company that makes cleaning products gives bloggers a new cleaning kit before the product is on the market.

This company used social media to increase brand loyalty.

- A company hosts a sweepstakes on a social media site

and gives the winners a lifetime supply of detergent.

This company used social media to allow consumers to be part of product development.

- A fast food chain asks consumers to determine the next

drink flavor using the hashtag #NEWDRINK.

Select the type of assessment that best fits the sentence.
Jeff wants to open a basic savings account. He should go to _(a financial services company, a commercial bank, an insurance company, a trust company)_ or _(a savings and loan association, an investment bank, a credit union, an asset management company)_ to open the account

Answers

Jeff's financial needs are quite simple. He only wants to open a basic savings account. Let's look at the first three options:
a) Financial Services Company
b) Commercial Bank
c)Insurance Company
d) Trust Company

A Financial Services Company will often offer services such as financial advising and will even manage your funds for you, investing them based on your investment goals. This is a bit more than Jeff needs, and will likely involve heavier fees. 
B) A commercial Bank exists for providing financial services to the general public, and includes a wide range of services from basic to more complex. This is the best institution for Jeff's savings account.
C) An insurance company likely will not offer the service Jeff needs.
D)Trust Company: A Trust Company takes charge of a set of assets, often an estate or large sum of money, due to a potential conflict of interest or a temporary period of uncertainty regarding who is entitled to the assets.

As for the second list:

Investment banks and asset management companies take a more active role in investing the funds. Typically there is a significant minimum investment, some higher fees, and more exposure to risk. These are not ideal options for Jeff's basic savings account.
A credit union offers savings account, and is a viable option for Jeff. However, the best option of this list is a savings and loan association, as they specialize in this service. 

Answer: the first blank is: a commercial bank

The second blank is: credit union

Explanation: I got it right on the test for Plato

A customer finds a bone in a boneless chicken sandwich which type of hazard is this

Answers

the answer to this question is Physical hazards
Physical hazards physical hazards refers to a hazard that have an actual form (that can be seen, smell, hard, or touch)
Other examples of this type of hazard are loud noises, Chemical radiation, broken glasses, extreme heat, extreme cold, etc.

Finding a bone in a boneless chicken sandwich indicates a physical hazard, likely stemming from poor cleaning protocols and pathogen transmission in the food.

Food contamination is the type of hazard present when a customer finds a bone in a boneless chicken sandwich. The presence of bones in boneless chicken indicates a physical hazard in the food.

In the given context, the issue may stem from poor cleaning protocols, as seen in the contaminated turducken case with Salmonella.

Inspectors found that the machine used to process the chicken was contaminated, indicating a risk of pathogen transmission in the food.

When is income considered to be earned by an​ accrual-basis taxpayer?

Answers

When all the events have occurred which fix the right to receive the income and the amount of income can be determined with reasonable accuracy it considered to be earned by an accrual basis. According to accountingcoach.com, it is an accounting method under which revenues are recognized on the income statement when they are earned (rather than when the cash is received).

__________ is credited with being the first restaurant to franchise.

Answers

During 1850,Frederick Henry Harvey is the one founded the first restaurant chain in the U.S. The first of the Harvey House restaurants opened in 1876, in a terminal of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. In 1887, there was a Harvey House restaurant in every 100 miles along the 12,000‑mile‑long Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe line. He strongly believe that quality control established is the reason why regular field visits to his restaurants, and provided services similar to those used today by franchisors

If depreciation equals $36 billion, gnp equals $240 billion, and national income is $225 billion, then what is the net national product?

Answers

Answer:

$204 billion

Explanation:

What is the most popular disney channel movie?

Answers

High school musical

probably the older ones or the animated newer ones

Jimenez transportation purchased five new transportation vehicles in 2016. they plan to pay these vehicles off in even installments over the next 8 years. on the 2017 year-end financial statements, how would the amount jimenez plans to pay off in 2018 differ from the amount they plan to pay off in 2019

Answers

The amount paid off in 2018, being planned for the upcoming year, would be considered a current liability. Since the 2019 payoff amount comes outside the 1-year window, this would be a long-term liability. Long-term liabilities are much less stable in their timeframe than current liabilities.

Occupation Salary
Attorney $77,000
Software Engineer $63,000
Administrative assistant $33,000
Elemetary school teacher $40,000
Registered Nurse $53,000
Construction project manager $72,000


Based on the chart, which of these statements is true?

Administrative assistants and attorneys require the most training.
Attorneys and construction managers are in high demand.
Attorneys and teachers have the least amount of training.
Nurses and software engineers are in low demand.




Answers

Hello! The higher the salary, the more skills that you need to obtain the job. So just by looking at the answer choices, it is definitely NOT A, because while Attorneys get paid the most of the jobs listed, Administrative Assistants get paid the least. B could be true, because both have the highest paid salaries, but I heard that jobs for law are pretty low, so I'll come back to B. It's not C, because being a teacher doesn't require as much skill as technology jobs do. Nurses (as well as the healthcare field in general) are in high demand and software engineers are, too, due to technology advancements. I think the answer is B, because those take a lot of skill, experience, and years of training to be really good at. The answer is B.

The greater your income, the more talents you'll need to get the position. So, just by glancing at the answer possibilities, it is clear that it is NOT A, so while attorneys are paid most of the jobs listed, administrative assistants are paid the least.

B might be correct since both have the highest-paying employment, but I've heard the jobs in law are scarce, so I'll stick with B. It is not C since teaching doesn't demand the very same level of ability as technology occupations. Because of technological improvements, doctors (and the healthcare field in general) are in great demand, as are software programmers. I believe the answer is B since those require a great deal of ability, expertise, and months of practice to be good at.

Therefore, the answer is "Attorneys and construction managers are in high demand".

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A pigeon is reinforced with food every 30 seconds. as the 30-second mark nears, the pigeon can be seen getting more and more excited. the ability to “expect” the reinforcement illustrates the importance of ______________ in the conditioning process. analysis cognition repetition memorization

Answers

The reinforcement illustrates the importance of REPETITION in the conditioning process. Conditioning is a behavioral process that is achieved when a response occurs more frequently because of some kind of reinforcement. Reinforcement can be positive or negative. In the case of the pigeon, its actions where brought about by positive reinforcement.

What is the difference between cash crops and staple crops?

Answers

Final answer:

Cash crops are grown for profit and export, like cotton and coffee, while staple crops provide essential calories for local populations and include rice, wheat, and potatoes.

Explanation:

Difference Between Cash Crops and Staple Crops:

The primary difference between cash crops and staple crops lies in their economic and nutritional roles. Cash crops are grown primarily for profit, not for directly feeding the population. These include crops like cotton, tea, and coffee which are usually exported and sold for foreign currency. Conversely, staple crops are those that supply the predominant portion of a population’s diet, offering the essential calories needed for survival, such as rice, wheat, and potatoes.

Hand in hand with the rise of plantation agriculture comes an over-reliance on cash crops, which can lead to problems such as food insecurity or even famine. This happens when fertile lands are allocated for cash crops instead of diverse staple crops, affecting the local food supply. On the other hand, staple crops are often associated with subsistence farming, where the surplus might be sold but the primary aim is to feed the farming community.

The impact of an economy based on monoculture, or the cultivation of a single crop, can be profound. Should there be a crop failure or a significant drop in market prices, economies heavily dependent on cash crops can suffer greatly, a risk not as prevalent in societies that focus on diversified staple crop production.

Where should paychecks and distribution of payroll be recorded?

Answers

The pay checks and distribution of pay roll should be recorded by a cost analyst in which he or she is someone who has the role of having to analyze the cost that the company has gain or lost, they write reports and made use of the resources.

A total ____________ is where orders are processed, credit is verified, transactions are completed, debits are issued, shipping is alerted, and inventory is reduced, all electronically.

Answers

A total Ebusiness is a marketplace whose presence is completely online, where all aspects of sales are conducted on the web, including the taking of orders, processing of payments, pulling inventory and shipping the product to the customer. This business model can save on some operating costs, and increasing it's profile online through cheaper advertising and marketing.

Identify the theorist(s) known for positing that just as there are barriers to achieving legitimate success, there are also barriers to achieving illegitimate success.

Answers

There are two (2) theorists responsible for the creation of this quote. Their names are Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd E. Ohlin. They were criminologists whose theory was met with some skepticism by others.

To efficiently manage its working capital, da pharma inc. has an arrangement with its suppliers of raw materials, packaging material, and machinery. these suppliers allow da pharma inc. to buy the required goods and services and pay for them at a later date or in installments. in this scenario, da pharma inc. has obtained funding in the form of _____.

Answers

The company has obtained funding in the form of trade credit. This is a common method for many companies. It is credit that is extended to a company by its suppliers. The suppliers let the company take ownership of the items immediately without payment knowing that they will bill the company and be paid later.
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