What's the difference between inplicit and explicit solvent?

Answers

Answer 1
hi 

Explicit- and implicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study complexation in two polyelectrolyte systems: poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PSS/PAH) and poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAA/PAH). Both these systems have been used in layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte films, with the first of these typically yielding linear growth in film thickness with increasing numbers of layers and the second yielding exponential growth. In both the systems, the polyelectrolytes have the same number of monomers and are present in stoichiometric proportion, and water is used as solvent. Simulations give important insights into the structure and composition of the complexes. We found that the PSS/PAH complex is more compact and has a smaller fraction of water than the PAA/PAH complex due to the presence of phenyl rings in the PSS chain and the hydrophilic nature of the charged group in the PAA chain. Either an increase in salt concentration or a decrease in partial charge fraction increases swelling and the water content in the complex. To overcome the computational limitations associated with the explicit-solvent simulation, a simple strategy to develop the force field for an implicit-solvent simulation is proposed. In the absence of salt and for fully charged polyelectrolytes, the radius-of-gyration and the various radial distribution functions predicted by the implicit-solvent simulation match well with those predicted by the explicit-solvent simulation, while reasonable agreement is obtained in the other cases. The implicit-solvent simulation was performed for bigger system sizes, and we observed trends similar to those observed for smaller system sizes, suggesting that the simulation results are independent of system size.

hope it helps..

Related Questions

A scuba diver's tank contains 0.240 kg of o2 compressed into a volume of 3.10 l. what volume (in liters) would this oxygen occupy at 27.0 ºc and 0.910 atm?

Answers

Given:
m = 0.240 kg = 240 g, the mass of O₂
V = 3.10 L = 3.10 x 10⁻³ m³, the volume

Because the molar mass of oxygen is 16, the number of moles of O₂ is
n = (240 g)/(2*16 g/mol) =  7.5 mol

As an ideal gas,
p*V = nRT
or
V = (nRT)/p
where R = 8.314 J/(mol-K)

When
p = 0.910 atm = (0.910 atm) * (101325Pa/atm) = 92205.75 Pa
T = 27 °C = (27 + 273) K = 300 K
then the volume is
[tex]V= \frac{(7.5 \, mol)*(8.314 \, J/(mol-K))*(300 \, K)}{(92205.75 \, Pa)} =0.2029 \, m^{3}[/tex]

V = (0.2029 m³)*(10³ L/m³) = 202.9 L

Answer: 203 liters

When a constant force acts on an object, what does the object's change in momentum depend upon? check all that apply. check all that apply. the change in momentum depends upon the change in the velocity of the object. the change in momentum depends upon the mass of the object. the change in momentum depends upon the change in the position of the object. the change in momentum depends upon the time interval during which the force acts. the change in momentum depends upon the magnitude of the force?

Answers

When a constant force acts on an object, what does the object's change in momentum depend upon? check all that apply. check all that apply. the change in momentum depends upon the change in the velocity of the object. the change in momentum depends upon the mass of the object. the change in momentum depends upon the change in the position of the object. the change in momentum depends upon the time interval during which the force acts. the change in momentum depends upon the magnitude of the force?

Answer: These are correct

1) The change in momentum depends upon the change in the velocity of the object

2) The change in momentum depends upon the mass of the object

3) The change in momentum depends upon the magnitude of the force

4) The change in momentum depends upon the time interval during which the force acts.

Explanation:

why cant body builders swim please give reasons.

Answers

the main reason is becouse these people are over 200 pounds and no mater how strong you are arms arnt ment to keep you up thanks.
I know this is a vague answer, but they can't swim because you actually can't float as well. If you were given the chance to either not swim or sink in the pool, which would you choose? 
Exactly.

In an overhead camshaft engine, the lobes make direct contact with the 
A. valve springs.   B. rocker arms.   C. valve guides.   D. tappets.

Answers

the answer would have to be a,value springs

Answer: B. Rocker arms

Explanation:  In an overhead camshaft (OHC) engine,

the camshaft, rocker arms, valve springs, and valves are all

located in the cylinder head. The camshaft is driven off the

crankshaft by using a timing chain. The lobes press directly

up onto rocker arms, and the rocker arms push down on the

valves to open them

An object has a mass of 20 g and a volume of 5 cm3. what is the object's density? 4 g/cm3 100 g/cm3 0.25 g/cm3

Answers

the answer is 110 g/cm3

list three commonly used units for speed

Answers

They are: Miles per hour(mph), kilometers per hour(km/h), meters per second(m/s).

Hope this helped.
Knots,feet per second, kilometers per hour, miles per hour, etc..

All the outer planet have rings, but the planet with the most complex

Answers

All the outer planet have rings, but the planet with the most complex rings is Saturn.
Saturn is the second largest planet. Galilio Galilei first observed the ring system of Saturn in 1610.  Saturn is best known for its fabulous ring system with countless small particles, ranging from μm to m in size.

An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process and does 25 joules of work on its environment. What is the change in internal energy? a.50 joules b. 25 joules c. 0 joules d. -25 joules

Answers

using Δh = q+w
under adiabatic conditions q = 0
w= 25joules
Δh= 25joules

Answer:

The change in internal energy will be 25 J.

Explanation:

Given that,

Work done = 25 J

Using first law of thermodynamics

The internal energy is sum of the heat and work done.

[tex]\Delta U= Q+ W[/tex]

Where, [tex]\Delta U[/tex] = Change in internal energy

Q =  heat

W = work done

In adiabatic process, the heat does not change, it remains constant.

So the heat Q = 0

Therefore, The change in internal energy will be

[tex]\Delta U=0+25 J[/tex]

[tex]\Delta U= 25 J[/tex]

Hence, The change in internal energy will be 25 J.

A truck driver is attempting to deliver some furniture. First, he travels 8 km East, and then he turns around and travels 3 km West. Finally, he turns again and travels 13 km to his destination. What distance has the driver traveled?

Answers

Refer to the diagram below.

Let A =  the starting point.
Let B =  the destination.
Let travel east be positive, and travel west be negative.

Then the total travel is
8 - 3 + 13 = 18 km

Answer: 18 km

Final answer:

The truck driver traveled a total distance of 18 km.

Explanation:

The truck driver traveled a total distance of 18 km.



To calculate the distance traveled by the truck driver, we need to add up the distances traveled in each direction.



First, the driver traveled 8 km East. Then, he traveled 3 km West. Finally, he traveled 13 km to his destination.



Therefore, the total distance traveled by the truck driver is 8 km + 3 km + 13 km = 18 km.

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Which theory is closest to the cognitive arousal theory

A) cannon-bard theory
B) Lazarus cognitive-meditational theory
C) common sense theory
D) james-lange theory

Answers

The Lazarus theory is closest to the cognitive theory.

The correct answer is option B, Lazarus cognitive-meditational theory

According to the Lazarus cognitive-meditational theory, proposed by Lazarus, a stimulus  can lead to the generation of personal meaning due to the cognition. This further stimulates both arousal and the emotion.  

For example – If we suddenly hear scream of a group of people, the first thought that will come to our mind is the that there is something potentially dangerous and this generate both physiological responses such as rapid heart rate and trembling, and the subjective experience of fear.

An example of a stable ecosystem is a...

Answers

it is Tropical rain forest

Steel has a density of 7.8 g/cm3. what is the mass of a block of steel with a volume of 600.0 cm3?

Answers

The mass of a steel block with a volume of 600.0 cm3 and a density of 7.8 g/cm3 is 4680 grams, or 4.68 kilograms.

To calculate the mass of a block of steel given its density and volume, you use the formula mass = density  imes volume. Since the density of steel is given as 7.8 g/cm3 and the volume of the block is 600.0 cm3, you can find the mass by multiplying these two numbers together. Therefore, the mass of the steel block is 7.8 g/cm3  imes 600.0 cm3 = 4680 grams or 4.68 kilograms when converted to kilograms.

The pressure in a fluid is affected by which characteristic of that fluid?

A. The weight of the fluid

B. The gravity of fluid

C. The amount of oxygen atoms in the fluid

D. The amount of hydrogen atoms in the fluid

Answers

In a liquid, the pressure comes from the weight of the fluid and the weight of the air above it, which we call the atmosphere. You feel this pressure when you swim under water. The deeper you go, the more pressure you feel. This is because there is more weight pressing down on you from above as you increase your depth. The same principle is true for atmospheric gases. The lower in elevation you are, the more weight and pressure you experience. But even though these gases are constantly putting pressure on you, you don't feel it because your body is the same pressure as the surrounding air. Fish experience the same thing underwater - their bodies are the same pressure as the surrounding fluid, so they don't notice the constant pressure the water exerts.

Answer:

A. The weight of the fluid

Which method will correctly determine whether the forces on an object are balanced or unbalanced?
Add the forces in the horizontal direction to the forces in the vertical direction.
Add the forces in the horizontal and vertical directions separately.
Subtract the forces in the horizontal direction from the forces in the vertical direction.
Subtract the forces in the vertical direction from the forces in the horizontal direction.

Answers

Add the forces in the horizontal direction to the forces in the vertical direction.

When a tennis ball is dropped onto a tennis court from a height of h the ball rebounds to a height of 3 5 h feet. if the ball is initially dropped from a height of 10 feet, find the total distance traveled by the ball before it finally comes to rest?

Answers

The total distance traveled by the ball before it finally comes to rest will be 50 m.

What is the distance?

Distance is a numerical representation of the distance between two objects or locations.

The distance can refer to a physical length or an estimate based on other factors in physics or common use. |AB| is a symbol for the distance between two points A and B.

The first drop makes the ball travel 10 m.

Then the maximum height decreases to 16 x 0.81 = 12.96m

If we make a pattern, this forms a geometric progression in which the common ratio is 0.6 and the first term is 10.

The sum of this series will be;

[tex]\rm \sum d= \frac{a}{1-r} \\\\ \sum d= \frac{10}{1-0.6} \\\\ \sum d= 25 m[/tex]

This is the upward height, and the ball returns every time so:

Total distance = 25 x 2= 50

Hence the total distance traveled by the ball before it finally comes to rest will be 50 m.

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The total distance a tennis ball travels before coming to rest after being dropped from 10 feet and rebounding to 3/5 of its previous height is 25 feet, calculated using the sum of an infinite geometric series.

When a tennis ball is dropped from a height, it bounces back but doesn't reach the original height due to energy loss. For a tennis ball dropped from 10 feet and rebounding to 3/5 of the height, the pattern of the ball's motion forms a geometric sequence with the common ratio being the fraction of the height to which it rebounds. Here, that ratio is 3/5.

The total distance traveled would be sum of all descents and ascents. The first descent is 10 feet, and the first ascent is 3/5 of that, which is 6 feet. The ball would continue to rise and fall, with each height being 3/5 of the one before it.

Using the formula for the sum of an infinite geometric series S = a/(1 - r), where a is the first term and r is the common ratio, the total distance traveled can be calculated. For this problem, a is 10 feet and r is 3/5. Thus, the sum S representing the total distance before coming to rest is:

S = 10 / (1 - 3/5) = 10 / (2/5) = 25 feet.

Therefore, the total distance the ball travels before it comes to rest is 25 feet.

A 4 kg car with frictionless wheels is on a ramp that makes a 25° angle with the horizontal. The car is connected to a 1 kg mass by a string that passes over a frictionless pulley.
What is the acceleration of the car?

Answers

Refer to the diagram shown below.

W₁ = (4 kg)*(9.8 m/s²) = 39.2 N
W₂ = (1 kg)*(9.8 m/s²) = 9.8 N

The normal reaction on the 4-kg mass is
N = (39.2 N)*cos(25°) = 35.5273 N
The force acting down the inclined plane due to the weight is
F = (39.2 N)*sin(25°) = 16.5666 N

The net force that accelerates the 4-kg mass at a m/²s down the plane is
F - W₂ = (4 kg)*(a m/s²)
4a = 16.5666 - 9.8
a = 1.6917 m/s²

Answer: 1.69 m/s²  (nearest hundredth)

Which factors affect the electrical force between two objects?
mass and distance between them
charge and distance between them
mass and electric field strength
charge and mass

Answers

Explanation :

The force that exerts between two charged particles is called the electrical force. Coulomb has given the whole description of the electrical force.

He has given a law which states that the electrical force between two charged particle is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between.

Mathematically, it can be written as :

[tex]F=\dfrac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_o}\dfrac{q_1q_2}{r^2}[/tex]

Where

q₁ and q₂ are the charges

r is the distance between charges

[tex]\dfrac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_o}[/tex] is the electrostatic constant

So, it is clear that the electrical force between two objects depends on charges and the distance between them.

Hence, the correct option is (b) " charge and distance between them ".

The charge and distance between two objects affect the electrical force between them.

The term 'electric force' refers to the attractive or repulsive forces between two electrically charged objects.

An attractive force occurs when charges (i.e., protons and electrons) attract one another, whereas a repulsive force occurs charges repel each other.

The attractive/repulsive forces between two objects are directly proportional to the distance between them.

In conclusion, the charge and distance between two objects affect the electrical force between them.

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What are the two most important properties of a telescope?

Answers

1.Light-collecting area
2.Angular resolution
Final answer:

The two key properties of a telescope include its light gathering ability, allowing the viewing of faint and distant objects, and resolving power, which enables detailed viewing of closely spaced objects.

Explanation:

The two most important properties of a telescope are its light gathering ability and resolving power. The light gathering ability, determined by the diameter of the lens or mirror, allows the telescope to collect more light which means the telescope can see fainter objects. For example, larger telescopes can see more distant stars and galaxies.

On the other hand, the resolving power, or the ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects, depends on the quality of the optics and the viewing conditions. This property allows for the detailed viewing of objects. For instance, a telescope with high resolving power can detail the rings of Saturn or the craters of the Moon.

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Newton's second law of motion tells us that the net force applied to an object equals its ________.

Answers

time rate of change of momentum

Melinda enters college with plans to join the Peace Corps after graduation. She hopes to promote an end to discrimination against women. To what level of moral reasoning is she likely aspiring?

Answers

Melinda is possobly a femenist fighting for women's rights. She could be aspiring to be like Rosey The Riveter. I applaud her choice to fight discrimination in this day and age. She could also be fighting for world peace by taking a stand as strong woman. She would probably travel to many places helping the world by being a part of the peace corp.

Rowdy Ron, a racecar driver with a mass of 70kg, survived a crash at 175km/h. He came at rest ib only 0.027 seconds

Answers

Although the question is missing, with the provided information you can find the impact (impulse), the change of momentum, the force and the acceleration.

Data:

mass, m = 70 kg

velocity, v = 175 km/h = 175 km * 1000 m/km * 1 h / 3600 s = 48.61 m/s

time, t = 0.027 s

Impact = F * t = m * a * t = m * Δv = change of momentum

=> Impact = change of momentum = 70 kg * 48.61 m/s = 3402.7 N*s

Force, F:

Impact = F * t => F = impact / t = 3402.7 N*s / 0.027 s = 126,025.9 N

Acceleration, a:

F = m * a => a = F / m = 126,025.9 N / 70 kg = 1800 m/s^2

What social science, which deals with the behavior and thinking of organisms, differs from sociology primarily in that it focuses on individual behavior rather than on group behavior?

Answers

psychology

100% this is correct I got 100 on my test.

Answer : The correct answer is- Psychology.

As per the American Psychological Association, psychology can be described as the scientific study of mind and behavior of a particular individual.


There are primarily four goals of psychology that are to describe, to explain, to predict, and to control the  mental processes as well behavior of a person.

On the contrary, sociology focuses on behaviour of group of individuals. It is the study of structure, function as well as development of society.


Thus, psychology is the right answer to the question.

A 36,287 kg truck has a momentum of 907,175 kg • . What is the truck’s velocity?

Answers

Given:
m = 36,287 kg, the mass of the truck
P = 907,175 (kg-m)/s, the truck's momentum.

Let v =  the truck's velocity.
By definition, the momentum is
P = m*v
Therefore
v = P/m
   = (907175 (kg-m)/s) / (36287 kg)
   = 25 m/s

Answer: 25 m/s
The momentum of an object is equal to its velocity multiplied by its mass: P = mv Rearranging the equation, the truck's velocity is equal to its momentum divided by its mass: v = P/m = 907175 / 36,287kg = 25.

Anaerobic means “without oxygen”.
Question 1 options:
True
False

Answers

that's true...
anaerobic has to do without involving oxygen

4. Which statement best describes the movement of particles when a wave travels through a medium? The particles are (10 points)

A. moved along in a forward motion with the wave as it travels through the medium.

B.gathered by the energy of the wave and move along in the direction of the wave.

C. permanently displaced in a direction opposite to the direction of the wave.

D.temporarily displaced and return to their normal position when the wave passes.

Answers

the answer is D . temporarily displaced and return to their normal position whenthe wave passes.

Answer:

D.temporarily displaced and return to their normal position when the wave passes.

Explanation:

When a wave propagates in a medium, it does going through the particles that exist in that space.

Those are altered by the wave that crosses them but, that phenomenon only lasts the time takes to pass through, then the particles return to their natural state.

A ball is thrown straight upward. When it has reached the highest point in its motion, and is momentarily stopped, its acceleration is

Answers

"The correct answer is that the ball's acceleration at the highest point in its motion is due to gravity.

When a ball is thrown straight upward, it slows down as it rises due to the acceleration due to gravity, which acts downward. At the highest point in its trajectory, the ball comes to a temporary stop before it starts to fall back down. At this instant, the velocity of the ball is zero, but the acceleration due to gravity is still acting on the ball.

The acceleration of an object in free fall, which includes a ball thrown upward, is constant and is equal to the acceleration due to gravity (g). Near the surface of the Earth, the acceleration due to gravity is approximately [tex]\( g = 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)[/tex]downward. This value is independent of the mass of the object and remains constant regardless of the object's position or velocity.

Therefore, even though the ball's velocity is zero at the highest point, it is still experiencing an acceleration of [tex]\( 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)[/tex] downward, which is the acceleration due to gravity. This is why the ball will start to fall back down to Earth after reaching its peak height."

The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is best described as _______.
a.
a public and private partnership to increase understanding of the oceans
b.
a program to improve ocean safety
c.
a partnership aimed at protecting the environment
d.
all of the above

Answers

Option D i.e All the above is the correct answer.

The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)  is an organisation which increases understanding of the oceans, coasts and the Great Lakes. It is a program to improve ocean safety, protect the environment and increase economic benefits from oceans etc.

When brought to the surface of the moon will a mass have more or less weight than it did on the surface of the earth, or will it be the same in weight?

Answers

The mass will stay the same, however it will weigh less because the moon's acceleration of gravity is less than the suns.

I hope this helps you.

Environmental factors can cause various changes in ecosystems. Which of the following would most likely have the greatest lasting effect on an ecosystem

Answers

Where are the answer choices?
But from prior knowledge: pollution from other sources(humans), lack of biodiversity and no stable food pyramid

*100% CORRECT ANSWERS

Question 1

Climate warming trends allow plant and insect species to inhabit larger ranges.

True

Question 2

What is a possible consequence of climate change to species that have a narrow temperature tolerance range?  

all of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is not a possible effect of rising carbon dioxide levels on plants?

increased plant mortality

Question 4

How does an early onset of spring through climate change affect plants?

their growing and flowering season starts earlier and is longer

Question 5

Environmental factors can cause various changes in ecosystems. Which of the following would most likely have the greatest lasting effect on an ecosystem?

change to the landscape from construction

Question 6

How does change to an ecosystem that results in succession benefit the ecosystem?

it leads to an increased level of biodiversity

Question 7

How do the benefits of natural change to ecosystems compare to the disadvantages?

the benefits outweigh the disadvantages

Question 8

Environmental factors can have various effects on ecosystems. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused significant damage in several states along the Gulf Coast, including Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Thousands of people were evacuated from their homes due to flooding and other damage caused by the storm. What environmental impact would Hurricane Katrina not have caused?

early onset of spring

Question 9

Rising levels of carbon dioxide most likely

have a greater detrimental effect on the sea

Question 10

Which scenario best describes how climate trends might affect animal migration?

animals found at the equator may move north

What happens to the electronegativity of elements as you move from bottom left to upper right across the periodic table?

Answers

It increases. As it moves it increases while the movement is in process. 

Answer:

increases

Explanation:

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