Answer:
Atropine
Explanation:
Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that inhibits the parasympathetic function that is characterized by no electrical charge.
Atropine is a drug capable of blocking the action of the parasympathetic system thanks to two pharmacodynamic characteristics that are important:
1. Its affinity for muscarinic receptors is greater than that of Ach. Therefore, Atropine will compete with Ach. endogenous for occupying these receptors and it is the Atropine who will occupy them. Atropine has a specific affinity for muscarinic receptors, it has no affinity for nicotinic or neuronal receptors, or muscle receptors.
2. Atropine only binds to muscarinic receptors, but it cannot stimulate them since it lacks intrinsic activity (intrinsic activity = 0) therefore the Atropine molecule itself has no effect on the organs innervated by the parasympathetic , the effects that we observe are a consequence of the fact that Atropine, when joining muscarinic receptors, prevents the action of Ach. in those receivers.
From this it follows that the action of anticholinergics depends primarily on the parasympathetic tone existing at the time these drugs begin to act.
This mechanism of action of Atropine is called reversible competitive antagonism. It is reversible because the antagonism disappears if we manage to increase the concentration of Ach. in the zone.
In which of the following situations would you expect to find the largest number of K-selected individuals?
A) a recently abandoned agricultural field in Ohio
B) the sand dune communities of south Lake Michigan
C) the flora and fauna of a coral reef in the Caribbean
D) South Florida after a hurricane
E) a newly emergent volcanic island
Answer:C
Explanation:
K-selected species e.g Elephants, are species characterized by a more stable population and such species produce fewer offspring and their population is governed by their biotic potential. I. e maximum reproductive capacity
Answer:
The Correct Option is C: (the flora and fauna of a coral reef in the Caribbean)
Explanation:
There are some characteristics of K-selected individual that can make them survive in the flora and fauna of a coral reef in the Caribbean. One of them is the fact that they inhabit biological communities that are relatively stable such as climax forest or late-successional forests. The flora and fauna of the Caribbean is an example of this.
please please help! I'm really behind.
If the amount of oil that spilled into the gulf coast had been processed oil, would that have been better or worse for the environment? Explain your answer.
Answer:
If the oil spilled in the gulf would have been processed oil, it would be worse than a normal oil spill as these oils have a higher shelf life.
Explanation:
Oil spills happen when a large quantity of oil gets mixed with large water bodies like sea and oceans. The oil being denser than water floats on the surface and does not mix with the water. It forms a coating on top of the water.
The difference between processed oil and normal oil is that they are heated at very high temperatures and this results in oxidation which creates free radicals, which are not good for the body and its cells. Also they have a very long shelf life due to which they will remain on water for a long time.
When oil spills happen, the wind cause the spill to spread over the water surface, thereby engulfing a large amount of area. The major disadvantages of the spill are:-
The oil gets stuck in the feathers of the birds who come by to dip themselves,Animals like whale, dolphins have blow holes for releasing water. the oil covers these holes and makes it difficult for them to breathe.The fur of animals like seal and otter gets mixed with the oil and can prove harmful to them as it gets them exposed to cold.The overall BOD of the water body decreases, and organisms which use sun rays coming inside the ocean suffer as these get blocked.Since processed oil has longer shelf life, a large quantity of animals will suffer and die.Processed oil, with its toxic additives and higher volatility, would likely cause more harm to marine life and ecosystems compared to crude oil.
If the oil spilled into the Gulf Coast had been processed oil, the environmental impact would likely have been worse. Here's why:
1. **Chemical Composition**: Processed oil, such as refined petroleum products (e.g., gasoline, diesel, jet fuel), contains a higher concentration of toxic additives and chemicals compared to crude oil. These additives, designed to enhance performance, include harmful substances like benzene, toluene, and xylene, which are more toxic to marine life and ecosystems.
2. **Volatility**: Processed oils are generally more volatile, meaning they evaporate more quickly and release harmful vapors into the atmosphere. This can lead to increased air pollution and pose health risks to both humans and wildlife through inhalation of toxic fumes.
3. **Bioavailability and Toxicity**: The refined hydrocarbons in processed oil are more readily absorbed by organisms. This can result in higher toxicity levels in marine species, leading to increased mortality and long-term ecological damage.
4. **Spill Behavior and Cleanup**: Processed oils can spread more rapidly on the water surface, complicating containment and cleanup efforts. Their higher viscosity can also make mechanical recovery methods less effective, prolonging exposure and damage to marine and coastal environments.
In contrast, crude oil, while still harmful, tends to break down more naturally over time due to its complex mix of hydrocarbons and can be somewhat less immediately toxic to marine life. Thus, a spill of processed oil would likely result in more severe environmental consequences than a crude oil spill.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be derived in limited quantities from?
Answer:
Alpha linolenic acid (ALA)
Explanation:
Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acids(derived mainly from diet). It's converted to Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the Liver. The conversion of EPA and DHA from ALA can be derived in limited quantities I.e at a production rare of less the 15%. Hence, the need for it to be obtained in diet due to its lower rate of production from ALA.
A model for a company's revenue from selling a software package is R(p)equals=−2.52^2400p, where p is the price in dollars of the software. What price will maximize revenue? Find the maximum revenue.
A model for a company's revenue from selling a software package is R(p)=-2.5p² + 400p, where p is the price in dollars of the software. What price will maximize revenue? Find the maximum revenue.
Answer: p = $80, R = $16,000
Step-by-step explanation:
The maximum is the y-value of the Vertex.
Step 1: Use the Axis-Of-Symmetry (AOS) formula to find x:
x=[tex]\frac{-b}{2a}[/tex]
R(p) = -2.5p² + 400
a= -2.5 b=400
[tex]p=\frac{-(400)}{2(-2.5)}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{-400}{-5}[/tex]
=80
∴ In order to maximize the value, the company will sell the software package for $80
Step 2: Find the maximum by plugging the p-value (above) into the given equation.
R(80) = -2.5(80)² + 400(80)
= -16,000 + 32,000
= 16,000
A fracture in which cranial bones are pressed down inwardly toward the brain is called a depressed fracture
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
The neurocranium consists of the eight bones that forms the cranial bones. The cranial cavity protects the brain and spinal cord from the injury and the shock.
A depressed fracture may be defined as a type of skull fracture that might occur due to trauma. If excess force is applied toward the brain this might cause the depressed fracture. The epidermis and meninges may gets breakdown during the fracture.
Thus, the answer is true.
Which is a weakness of traditional food webs when they are applied to complex ecological problems?
A) A food web does not represent all the links in an actual ecosystem.B) Food webs do not account for non-native species in the enviornmentC) The many food chains of a food web make it too complicated to use.D) Trophic levels are not taken into account when creating a food web.
Answer:
Answer is A. A food web does not represent all the links in the actual ecosystem.
Explanation:
A food web is a naturally interconnection of food chains. This means that, a food web consists of more than one food chain. Just like the food chain, the food web comprises of the same groups of organisms, that is, the producer, consumer and decomposed, but in large numbers or quantities.
A complete food web diagram is expected to have Sun as the source of light for a situation where plants are the producers.
You have a pea plant with round, yellow seeds. A cross test with green, wrinkled seeds (rryy) gives the following data: 50% of the offspring make round seeds, 50% of the offspring make wrinkled seeds, and 100% of the offspring make yellow seeds. What was the genotype of the original plant?
Answer:
RRYy
Explanation:
from the result of the progeny, it is obvious that the gene for yellow colouration is homozygous dominant while the genetype for seed shape round is heterzygous dominant.
Hardened deposits of cholesterol that accumulate in the structure that stores bile are known as:_______ (1) gallstones (2) ulcers (3) goiters(4) allergies
Answer: option 1) gallstones
Explanation:
Bile is derived from the degradation of Cholesterol, a vital component of cell membranes. This Cholesterol is produced in the Liver; so bile as well is produced in the Liver.
Once produced, bile is transported through the bile duct to the Gall bladder, where it is stored until when needed for fat digestion.
GALLSTONES, however, are composed of cholesterol, bile pigments and calcium salts.
Thus, gallstones is the answer.
The type of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli is known as ____________________.
Answer:
Glomerulonephritis, this is the answer.
Final answer:
Glomerulonephritis is the type of nephritis involving the glomeruli, with potential causes including infections and immune conditions, and can lead to kidney failure if untreated.
Explanation:
The type of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli is known as glomerulonephritis and this condition refers to both acute and chronic nephritis, featuring inflammation of the capillaries of the renal glomeruli, which can lead to symptoms like blood or protein in the urine, increased blood pressure, and edema. Causes of glomerulonephritis may range from infections, such as those by Streptococcus pyogenes, leading to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, to immune conditions and genetic defects. In severe cases, if left untreated, glomerulonephritis could progress to kidney failure.
What modern organism did pterosaurs have a similar ecological role to and why?
Answer:
Birds.
Explanation:
Pterosaurs are nothing but extinct clade flying reptiles of the order Pterosauria . For most of the Mesozoic, they existed: that is from those in the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous. Pterosaurs are the first vertebrate to have evolved powered flight.
Birds, are the modern organism analogous to the pterosaurs as Birds can fly and hunt insects and fish out of the ocean.
Studies of nonhuman primate grooming and human touch reveal that a key function of tactile contact includes all but which one of the following
Answer:
Control subordinates.
Explanation:
Animal behavior may be defined as the field of biology that studies the experimental study on the animals. Different types of behavior of animals can be analyzed by the experiments of animal behavior.
The control and uncontrol group both can be involved in the experiments. During the study on the non human primate and the effect of the human touch shows the control subordinates in the experiment.
Thus, the answer is control subordinates.
In a randomized, controlled, double-blind study: Select one:
a. experimental subjects are blind-folded when given the experimental treatment.
b. individuals will be assigned to an experimental or control group depending on whether they took part in a pilot study.
c. all experimental variables are held constant.
d. neither the experimenter nor the subject know whether the subject is in a control group or an experimental group.
e. All of the above.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
In a randomized, controlled, double-blind study neither the experimenter nor the subject know whether the subject is in a control group or an experimental group.
Randomized double-blind placebo control (RDBPC) trials are considered the epidemiological research of "gold standard." The best analogy is placebo management, which requires blindness of subjects, researchers and test workers. Trial's advantage over an observational study is its the ability to convey causality.
smallest solid components of blood that are composed of fragments of megakaryocytes
A. erthrocytesB. leukocytesC. plasmasD. thrombocytes
Answer:
D - Thrombocytes
Explanation:
Thrombocytes are the smallest cells in the blood with a diameter of 2-4μm. They do not have a nucleus and are incapable of mitosis.
They are also known as blood platelets.
Their function is to prevent and control bleeding by clotting blood which they achieve by clumping on the surface of the blood vessel after detecting an injury to it. They also contribute substances necessary for normal coagulation of blood.
Thrombocytes are produced from very large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes and are thus comprised of its fragments.
A nursing student is listing the different levels of the health care services pyramid. Under which type of health care services should the nursing student include subacute care?
1. Tertiary care2. Continuing care3. Restorative care4. Secondary acute care
Answer:
1. Tertiary Care
Explanation:
Tertiary care is a specialized health care for inpatients over an extended period of time usually on referral by primary or secondary health care personnel, involving contemporary and complex procedures and treatments.
Examples include: Cancer management, complex medical and surgical procedures.
Subacute Care is defined as an inpatient care for someone who has an acute illness. It is treatment administered immediately after acute hospitalization or in some cases, in place of it to treat and provide care for people with medically complex conditions.
Subacute care is a type of tertiary care. Option a is the correct answer.
Tertiary care is the most specialized level of health care. It is provided in hospitals and other specialized facilities. Tertiary care includes a wide range of services, including:
Complex surgery
Intensive care
Organ transplantation
Cancer treatment
Rare disease treatment
Rehabilitation
Subacute care is a type of rehabilitation that is provided to patients who are recovering from a serious illness or injury. Subacute care is typically provided in a skilled nursing facility or a rehabilitation hospital. Subacute care patients may need help with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, and eating. They may also need physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy.
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The body uses two types of amino acids: essential and nonessential. Which of the following statements about essential and nonessential amino acids is correct?
There are 11 essential amino acids.
Nonessential amino acids cannot be produced in the body.
There are 11 nonessential amino acids.
The body can produce essential amino acids when the amino acid pools are diminished.
Answer:There are 11 nonessential amino acids.
Explanation:amino acids are monomers of proteins.proteins are made up of carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.there are 20 amino acids found in proteins.
Plants cam produce all the amino acids they need but animals cannot.
Essential amino acids are those that animals cannot produce by themselves and so need to obtain from their diet.there are 9 in numbers.
Non-essential amino acids are produced by the animals.they are not necessarily non-essential as the name indicates.they are 11 in numbers.
The correct statement is that there are 11 nonessential amino acids. Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from the diet, while nonessential amino acids can be produced by the body.
Explanation:The correct statement about essential and nonessential amino acids is: There are 11 nonessential amino acids. Essential amino acids are those that the body cannot synthesize on its own and therefore must be obtained from the diet. There are 9 of these essential amino acids. Nonessential amino acids, on the other hand, can be produced by the body and thus are not required in the diet. There are indeed 11 nonessential amino acids. The statement that the body can produce essential amino acids when the amino acid pools are diminished is false, as the body requires intake of essential amino acids from food sources.
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According to blood pressure measurements, _____ represents the pressure within the arterial system after the heart contracts.
A. distal
B. systolic
C. medial
D. diastolic
Which event (s) corresponded with a rapid increase in the population growth rate of Las Vegas, NV
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Please see the attachment
What is the name of the point where the two parietals articulate with the occipital bone?
Answer:
Lambdoid suture
Explanation:
The parietal bones are two bones, located above the temporal, behind the frontal and in front of the occipital. The occipital is an odd bone of the skull, with important cranial joints and sutures. The lambdoid suture extends through the back of the head. Each parietal bone joins the occipital bone in the lambdoid suture, that is, the lambdoid suture is the joint in the back of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone.
Why the membrane potential is negative, if there is a higher concentration of positive ions inside the cell than outside (counterintuitive at first)?
Answer:
Net membrane potential is equal to the difference of positive charge and negative charge existing at the inner and outer side of the cell respectively. Since outer negative charge is higher in concentration, the net membrane potential is negative
Explanation:
The cell membrane potential defined as the net difference of ion concentration existing at the inner and outer side of a cell membrane at nay instance.
When the cell is at the resting potential, the positive potassium ion starts accumulating at the inner surface of the cell membrane as it becomes favors positive potassium ion. This leads to development of negative potential at the outer side of cell membrane by the accumulation of negative ions or charges. Hence, a net negative potential membrane develops.
Develop Models Draw a model to show how the process of photosynthesis impacts both the flow of energy and the cycling of carbon through the atmosphere and biosphere.
Through the use of the atmosphere and the biosphere, photosynthesis is a crucial component of the carbon and energy cycles.
Why photosynthesis is called process?Phototrophs transform sunlight into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis, which is then utilized to power cellular processes. In the form of carbohydrates, which are made from water and carbon dioxide the chemical energy is kept in reserve.
What makes photosynthesis so important?The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform sunlight into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use. This process primarily produces power to the planet's life systems. By the norms of human technology, it is not particularly effective, but it gets the job done.
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Explain the precautions for immunizing children with Bruton's agammaglobulinemia.
Answer:
Avoid using killed vaccine for administration.
Explanation:
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia may be defined as the X linked disorder that affects the immune system of an individual. This disease is mainly caused by the mutation in the gene responsible for coding the Bruton tyrosine kinase.
The children suffering from this disease require special immunization and some precaution must be followed before immunizing them. These patients are not allowed to immunizes with the live vaccines as these vaccines can evoke the immune response strongly and child may get infected by the disease. The individual should not given immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids.
Thus, the answer is avoid using killed vaccine for administration.
The process of biological evolution often allows humans to survive consistent environmental stresses that occur across multiple generations. As humans colonized Earth's diverse environments, they encountered hot, dry areas and decided to settle. What trait likely offered an advantage in this environment?
Answer:
The ability to produce sweat to cool their bodies.
Explanation:
Evolution may be defined as the change in the the characteristics of the species with respect to time. The process of the natural selection plays an important role in evolution.
As the humans are living in hot and dry areas, this allow the change in their physiology and genes that help them to survive according to the environment. The humans produce more sweat. They have well developed sweat glands. These glands help in the production of sweat that ultimately causes cooling in their body.
Transfer RNA __________. ANSWER Unselected is produced in the nucleolus Unselected binds to its specific amino acid in the active site of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase Unselected is translated into protein Unselected has catalytic activity and is thus a ribozyme Unselected tags a growing polypeptide for export to the endoplasmic reticulum
Answer:
The correct answer will be option- binds to its specific amino acid in the active site of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Explanation:
Transfer RNA or tRNA is the RNA which scans the mRNA and adds specific amino acid to the nascent peptide to form a protein molecule.
There are many specific types of tRNA which brings specific amino acid to the growing peptide.
The tRNA binds the specific amino acid in a reaction catalyzed by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase which contains an active site to bind tRNA and amino acid. The reactions get their energy from the breakdown of the ATP molecule. The reactions bind the specific amino acids in the specific synthetase enzyme with tRNA.
Thus, the selected options are the correct answer.
ACE inhibitors work on the renin-angiotensin system to prevent the conversion of angiotension I to angiotensin II. Because this blocking occurs in the cells in the lung, which is usually the site of this conversion, the use of ACE inhibitors often results in: a) spontaneous pneumothorax. b) respiratory depression. c) unrelenting cough. d) pneumonia
Answer:
c) unrelenting cough
Explanation:
ACE inhibitors stand for Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors.ACE inhibitors are used for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart diseases. These inhibitors perform their action by causing a relaxation of the blood vessels which results in decreased blood pressure. Further, these inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and the site of this conversion is the lungs, since this conversion is blocked by these inhibitors, an unrelenting persistent cough is a common side effect associated with the use of these inhibitors.ACE inhibitors commonly result in an unrelenting cough as a side effect due to the accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs.
Explanation:ACE inhibitors work on the renin-angiotensin system to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This mechanism is crucial for regulating systemic blood pressure and kidney function. The question posed about the common side effect of the use of ACE inhibitors is related to the location of ACE production, which primarily occurs in the lungs. Among the listed options, the correct answer is that the use of ACE inhibitors often results in an unrelenting cough. This side effect is due to the inhibition of ACE which not only prevents the formation of angiotensin II but also increases levels of bradykinin, a peptide that can cause cough when not broken down by ACE.
Did the phylogenies of the different islands support the theory that one colonization followed by adaptive radiation and convergent evolution occurred?
A. Yes, each island had a different order of ecomorph evolution.
B. No, each island had the same phylogeny.
C. No, the Cuban and Puerto Rican phylogenies were the only two that were the same.
D. Yes, only the Jamaican phylogeny had a different order of ecomorph evolution.
Answer:
It depends on the graphics you have but:
Explanation:
The theory of one colonization and then radiation should see as only one group on your phylogeny, all branches come from a single point.
Now, convergent evolution means that in different islands the same morphologic pattern is seen BUT not come from the same ancestor. This means that the morphologic pattern was built under the island conditions and NOT as colonization from another island
If there is one colonization and then radiation all islands have to have their own phylogeny and same morphs on each phylogeny to be convergent.
Gas can enter the bloodstream and cause serious damage to the lungs or even death by:
A - Ascending too fast
B - Holding your breath while diving
C - Diving with respiratory congestion
D - All answers are correct
Answer:
Answer is D. All answers are correct.
Explanation:
All the activities given as the options will make a person breath-in compressed air which contain nitrogen. The nitrogen enters the body tissue at high pressure, this will cause pains in the joints, muscles, nausea and even paralysis.
What is likely to be true of a population with an age structure that is pyramid shaped?
Answer:
It is as potential for the rapid growth in the future.
Explanation:
The age pyramid structure or population pyramid may be defined as the graphical distribution of the different age group of the population. Different age groups are pre-reproductive, reproductive and post reproductive.
Different age pyramids are expanding population ( pyramid shape) decline population ( urn shape) and stable population. The age group of the pyramid population determines the potential or the ability of the rapid growth of the country in the future.
Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is TRUE?
A. Not all monosaccharides are absorbed by active transport.
B. All monosaccharides require energy for absorption; therefore, they require active passport.
C. All monosaccharides are absorbed by passive transport.
D. Monosaccharides are simple sugars and require only direct absorption into the bloodstream.
Answer:
A. Not all monosaccharides are absorbed by active transport is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Monosaccharides are simple sugar. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are examples of monosaccharides.They are the building blocks of disaccharides and polysaccharides.Monosaccharides function is to produce energy.Not all monosaccharides are absorbed by active transport because monosaccharides(galactose, glucose) are transported in the epithelial cells through protein carrier by secondary active transport and Fructose passes and absorbed entirely by facilitated diffusion.
The true statement about monosaccharide absorption is that not all monosaccharides require active transport; some like fructose are absorbed by facilitated diffusion.
Explanation:The statement regarding the absorption of monosaccharides that is TRUE is: Not all monosaccharides are absorbed by active transport. The process of monosaccharide absorption in the small intestine involves simple diffusion, active transport, and facilitated transport. Glucose and galactose are absorbed through active transport, co-transported with sodium ions. Meanwhile, fructose is absorbed by a different mechanism known as facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy. All monosaccharides do not necessitate active transport, and since some are absorbed without using energy, it shows that not all absorption processes require ATP.
Marissa blows up balloons for a party. She decides how big or small to make each balloon. Why does the air she blows into each balloon take up all the space inside the balloon?
A. The particles of air move around and slide past one another and take the shape of the balloon.
B. The particles of air have a strong attraction between each other and the balloon.
C. The particles of air move freely, colliding with each other and the sides of the balloon.
D. The particles of air move and increase in size when they have more space in the balloon.
Answer:
Option C, The particles of air move freely, colliding with each other and the sides of the balloon
Explanation:
The air molecules exert force on the inner surface of the balloon due to which the material of the balloon stretches and it increases in size. If air is blown in large extent, it will exert more force on the balloon material thereby extending it to a larger extent but when air is blown in a smaller amount, the size of the balloon increases by a smaller extent.
Hence, option C is correct
Place the layers of the trachea in order from deep to superficial.
a) mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia
b) submucosa, mucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia
c) adventitia, hyaline cartilage, submucosa, mucosa
d) adventitia, hyaline cartilage, mucosa, submucosa
e) hyaline cartilage, submucosa, mucosa, adventitia
Answer:
a) mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia
Explanation:
The wall of the trachea can be divided into four layers from the deep region to the superfacial region :
These are; mucosa, submucosa, the musculocartilaginous layer (hyaline cartilage), and the adventitia.
The adventitia is a connective tissue layer that combines with the musculocutaneous layer and with the connective tissue that encircles the trachea. It is composed of loose areolar tissue. This areolar tissue permits a considerable amount of movement of the trachea along its length.
The musculocartilaginous layer consists of the cartilaginous plates, fibroelastic tissue, and the tracheal muscle. The cartilaginous plates number and are composed of hyaline cartilage surrounded by perichondrium.
The submucosa contains many elastic fibers and fat cells and many small seromucous tubular glands, which open into the lumen of the trachea.
The mucosa has numerous low longitudinal folds and is lined with pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium, which contains numerous goblet cells and rests on a basement membrane.
I hope that helps!
Answer:
The correct answer is a) mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia.
Explanation:
The trachea is the conduit that allows the passage of air from the outside to the lungs, which is divided at its base into two bronchi.
The walls of the trachea have several layers of tissues, in order from deep to superficial:
Mucosa, has the same goblet cells that contain the pseudostratified epithelia that appear in most of the respiratory tract.
Submucosa, is dense connective tissue and continues with the perichondrium of the hyaline cartilage that constitutes the tracheal rings.
Hyaline cartilage, it is the most widely distributed cartilage. The tracheal cartilaginous ring is open, and the ends are joined by a fibroelastic ligament and bundles of smooth muscle that attach to the perichondrium (the outer layer of cartilage).
Adventitia, is the outermost layer and covers the outer part of the incomplete cartilaginous rings. It is connective tissue that may contain adipose tissue.