The Enlightenment was a sprawling intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe during the 1700s. Enabled by the Scientific Revolution, which had begun as early as 1500, the Enlightenment represented about as big of a departure as possible from the Middle Ages—the period in European history lasting from roughly the fifth century to the fifteenth.
The millennium of the Middle Ages had been marked by unwavering religious devotion and unfathomable cruelty. Rarely before or after did the Church have as much power as it did during those thousand years. With the Holy Roman Empire as a foundation, missions such as the Crusades and Inquisition were conducted in part to find and persecute heretics, often with torture and death. Although standard at the time, such harsh injustices would eventually offend and scare Europeans into change. Science, though encouraged in the late Middle Ages as a form of piety and appreciation of God’s creation, was frequently regarded as heresy, and those who tried to explain miracles and other matters of faith faced harsh punishment. Society was highly hierarchical, with serfdom a widespread practice. There were no mandates regarding personal liberties or rights, and many Europeans feared religion—either at the hands of an unmerciful God or at the hands of the sometimes brutal Church itself.
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, however, opened a path for independent thought, and the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, politics, economics, philosophy, and medicine were drastically updated and expanded. The amount of new knowledge that emerged was staggering. Just as important was the enthusiasm with which people approached the Enlightenment: intellectual salons popped up in France, philosophical discussions were held, and the increasingly literate population read books and passed them around feverishly. The Enlightenment and all of the new knowledge thus permeated nearly every facet of civilized life. Not everyone participated, as many uneducated, rural citizens were unable to share in the Enlightenment during its course. But even their time would come, as the Enlightenment also prompted the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, which provided rural dwellers with jobs and new cities in which to live.
Whether considered from an intellectual, political, or social standpoint, the advancements of the Enlightenment transformed the Western world into an intelligent and self-aware civilization. Moreover, it directly inspired the creation of the world’s first great democracy, the United States of America. The new freedoms and ideas sometimes led to abuses—in particular, the descent of the French Revolution from a positive, productive coup into tyranny and bedlam. In response to the violence of the French Revolution, some Europeans began to blame the Enlightenment’s attacks on tradition and breakdown of norms for inducing the anarchy.
Indeed, it took time for people to overcome this opinion and appreciate the Enlightenment’s beneficial effect on their daily lives. But concrete, productive changes did, in fact, appear, under guises as varied as the ideas that inspired them. The effects of Enlightenment thought soon permeated both European and American life, from improved women’s rights to more efficient steam engines, from fairer judicial systems to increased educational opportunities, from revolutionary economic theories to a rich array of literature and music.
These ideas, works, and principles of the Enlightenment would continue to affect Europe and the rest of the Western world for decades and even centuries to come. Nearly every theory or fact that is held in modern science has a foundation in the Enlightenment; in fact, many remain just as they were established. Yet it is not simply the knowledge attained during the Enlightenment that makes the era so pivotal—it’s also the era’s groundbreaking and tenacious new approaches to investigation, reasoning, and problem solving that make it so important. Never before had people been so vocal about making a difference in the world; although some may have been persecuted for their new ideas, it nevertheless became indisputable that thought had the power to incite real change. Just like calculus or free trade, the very concept of freedom of expression had to come from somewhere, and it too had firm roots in the Enlightenment.
Which Civil War battle was important in that the Union army was able to stop Robert E. Lee's invasion of the north and marked the beginning of the end for the Confederate forces in the east?
Answer:
Battle of Gettysburg
In 1809, ________ became the fourth president of the united states.
How has slavery affected the history of the united states?
The glorious revolution of 1688 in britain had given more power to the house of commons in parliament and to
The glorious revolution of 1688 in Britain had given more power to the House of Commons in parliament and to King William II and Queen Mary II. The combination of the power from the parliament and the King and Queen made the platforms of the government more credible and reliable.
How did reformers try to help enslaved people?
I will mark brainliest
why is jerusalem important to the three religions of judaism christianity and islam?
what model suggested that homo sapiens migrated to Europe and Asia replacing populations descended from Neanderthals and older homo erectus
a) assimilation
b) out-of-africa
c) multiregional continuity
Which amendments were specifically written to increase participation of minorities in us government?
Which of these correctly describes what Roosevelt meant by a “square deal”?
A. The idea that a person who starts at the top should stay squarely at the top.
B. The idea that government isn’t fair, so responsibility lies squarely with the individual.
C. Giving everyone a fair start so that everyone had equal opportunities to succeed.
Answer:
C. Giving everyone a fair start so that everyone had equal opportunitites to succeed
Explanation:
Square deal was Roosevelt's domestic program and it had three basic goals: Control of corporations, conservation of natural resources and consumer protection. It was referred as three cs of his program and its aim was to help the middle class citizens and to attack plutocracy and bad trusts. It also aimed at protecting the businesses from the demands of organised labour. Roosevelt was a republican and he believed that it was government' duty to mitigate the social evils. and give equal opportunities to everyone.
Sectional disagreements disappeared when settlers left their old homes and headed west into new territories.
How did the Congress of Vienna respond to the Napoleonic Wars?
The Congress of Vienna, as the name suggests, took place in Vienna from 1814 to 1815.
Among their goals, we could mention: Preventing future French aggression and wars, restore a balance of power among the countries as well as restoring Europe's royal families to their thrones.
We can say that they were against the Napoleonic Wars and wanted to make sure that sort of thing wouldn't happen again.
15 points
1. _______ was a nineteenth-century artistic movement that influenced nationalism in Europe. It emerged as a reaction to the emphasis on 2.______ in Enlightenment philosophy
1. A. Liberalism
B Socialism
C Romanticism
2. A. Reason
B. Emotion
C. Religion
The correct answers are: (1) Romanticism and (2) Reason.
Romanticism was an artisitc, literary and intellectual movement developed in Europe, specially in the first half of the 19th century (1800-1850). It highlighted the importance of human emotions, and put emphasis on glorifications of the past of the nations and of the nature. It is believed that the movement emerged as a response to the previous era characterized by the high functionalist ideas, the Industrial Revolution and by the racionalization of everything under the principles of the Enlightment.
Which american third party's membership included mostly farmers and laborers?
The American third party’s membership included mostly farmers and laborers is the populist party. The are contained with farmers and laborers because the farmers that joined in the party was upset in regards of the republican parties and the democratic parties in which they have the belief of having to regulate businesses in means of playing an active role in their economy.
Did senator joseph mccarthy's efforts to root out communists in the american government become discredited when he investigated alleged communist influence in the us army?
They are called bustees, jhunggi, and chawl. they occur in all of the major cities of south asia. what are they?
Slums are called bustees, jhunggi, and chawl. They occur in all major cities of the southern part of Asia. In south Asia's fast-growing major cities, a large part of the population are slum dwellers. They experience problems of flooding and scarcity of resources.
Passage of the kansas-nebraska act spurred the creation of which political party
In 1854, the controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act, split two existing political parties the Whig party and Jacksonian Democrats and led to the creation of the Republican party. Kansas-Nebraska act overturned the Missouri compromise and allowed settlers to decide whether slavery would be allowed in their state. This led to the creation of the Republican party founded by anti-slavers whose primary objective was fighting slavery.
Describe the main differences between the economies of the northern and southern colonies in the early 1700s.
What are garrison's observations regarding public sentiment about slavery in america? how does garrison justify his bold stand on slavery and his proposal for immediate abolition?
William Lloyd Garrison denounced slavery as a national sin, causing destruction to families and society. He pushed for immediatism, calling for an instant end to slavery, and utilized moral suasion to illuminate the horrors of the institution to the public. To further his cause, he founded abolitionist societies advocating peaceful transitions towards equality between Black and White people.
Explanation:William Lloyd Garrison was a pivotal figure in the abolitionist movement in America. He observed that slavery was not only a national sin, but also a practice that destroyed families and believed these horrors should be brought to the public consciousness. Garrison advocated for immediatism, demanding an immediate end to slavery and viewing it as a moral obligation.
Garrison also heavily relied on moral suasion to influence public sentiment on slavery. This involved using dramatic narratives, often from formerly enslaved people, to exemplify the atrocities of slavery. His conviction was that informing the public of these atrocities could lead to a mass awakening against slavery.
Furthermore, Garrison founded the New England Anti-Slavery Society and later the American Anti-Slavery Society. He used his platform not only to denounce slavery but also to advocate for equal rights between Black and White people. These societies notably rejected violence as a means to end slavery, believing instead in a peaceful transition towards equality.
Learn more about Garrison's Stand on Slavery here:https://brainly.com/question/4121791
#SPJ12
Many European empires arose in the wake of _______.
Which country acquired control of the suez canal by purchasing stock from the egyptian ruler?
What did the twelfth amendment to the constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes?
What was the ruling of the Missouri court in the Dred Scott case?
Who has the power to settle disputes involving the united states article?
The French and Indian War was a part of a much larger war between Britain and France also known as the Seven Years War.
Question options:
True
False
Roosevelt came from a prominent family. discuss his family and background
What most likely stopped the spread of Islam in high number from northeast Africa into north and South America?
A. Andes mountains
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Himalayan
D. Indian ocean
B. The Atlantic Ocean
Business buyers reorder again and again from businesses they trust. Therefore, it is important for marketers to offer them _____.
a. consistent packaging
b. many features
c. consistent quality
d. completely new innovations
Business buyers reorder again and again from businesses they trust, so marketers should offer them consistent quality to build trust.
Explanation:Business buyers reorder again and again from businesses they trust. Therefore, it is important for marketers to offer them consistent quality. Having consistent quality builds trust with buyers as they can expect the same level of quality each time they reorder. This helps businesses establish long-term relationships with their customers and increases customer loyalty.
Learn more about Consistent Quality here:https://brainly.com/question/32371091
#SPJ3
For most of the 20th century, __________ experienced foreign occupation, civil unrest, major famine, and a strict one-party communist regime.
The country in the 20th century that had experienced the foreign occupation, civil unrest, major famine, and a strict one party communist regime is the China. This country maintains ideals in a communist political in which made them embark and tackle on development with a market oriented economy.
For most of the 20th century, China experienced foreign occupation, civil unrest, major famine, and a strict one-party communist regime.
Explanation:For most of the 20th century, China experienced foreign occupation, civil unrest, major famine, and a strict one-party communist regime. Communism in China emerged when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), led by figures like Mao Zedong, gained control in 1949, establishing the People's Republic of China. Under the leadership of the CCP, the country adopted a planned economy, collective agriculture, and strict social control.
The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were key policy initiatives, though they had devastating consequences. China later transitioned to a more market-oriented socialism, blending communist ideology with economic reforms in the late 20th century, leading to significant economic growth.
Learn more about communism in China here:https://brainly.com/question/16165231
#SPJ12
What was blanche k. bruce the first african american to do? answers?
Answer:
Blanche K. Bruce was the first African American senator to complete a full term.
Explanation:
Blanche Kelso Bruce was an American politician from the Republican Party. He was the first African American that completed a full term in the US Senate.
In 1874 when he was elected to the US Senate by the Mississippi Legislature. After six years in Washington, he was replaced by Democrat James Z. George; The Democratic Party had won the majority in the Mississippi Legislature in the meantime, so that a re-election for Bruce was not possible.
Why do most of canada's energy exports go to the united states?