What normally determines whether a substance is a liquid, solid, gas, or plasma?

Pizza is a heterogeneous mixture because the different components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture.

Pizza is a heterogeneous mixture. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture. This means that the different components of pizza, such as the sauce, cheese, and toppings, can be easily distinguished from each other.

Pizza is not an element, because an element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Pizza is also not a compound, because a compound is a substance that is made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together.

The components of pizza are not chemically bonded together, so they can be easily separated. For example, the cheese can be removed from the pizza, and the sauce can be removed from the pizza. This shows that pizza is a heterogeneous mixture.

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The balance between pressure cause heat and gravity caused by the stars mass

The orbit of a planet around the Sun is best described as an ellipse with the Sun at one focus, in line with Kepler's First Law. Planetary motion is further described by Kepler's Second and Third Laws.

Based on Kepler's work, the best description of the orbit of a planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. This statement is in accordance with Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion. Furthermore, Kepler's Second Law also states that each planet moves so that an imaginary line drawn from the Sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times, emphasizing the dynamical aspect of planetary motion. Lastly, Kepler's Third Law establishes that the ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is proportional to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the Sun, which is a foundational law in understanding the motion of celestial bodies within our solar system.

The orbital period of Deimos, one of Mars' moons, is not provided directly in the question, but it can usually be found in detailed astronomical datasets or scientific literature.

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1) Electronegativity is A) how strongly an atom pulls electrons to itself when it is bonded to other atoms. 2) D. Cl has the highest electronegativity. 3) B. Sr has the lowest electronegativity.

4) C) Li, C, N, O, F is the correct order  of elements from lowest to highest electronegativity. 5) B. False, Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom of a group.

Understanding Electronegativity in Chemistry

The formula we will use is:

pH = 0.5 (pKa – log C)

where C is the concentration of sulfathiazole in molarity or mol / L

Since all values are given, we can compute directly for pH:

pH = 0.5 (7.12 – log 0.002)

pH = 4.91

Answer:

9.375 atm  

Explanation:

Initial volume = 450 cm³

Volume displaced by the piston = 402 cm³

Final volume = Initial volume – displaced volume = 450 cm³ – 402 cm³ = 48 cm³

Initial pressure = 1.0 atm

According to Boyle’s Law,  

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂  

where P₁, P₂ are the initial and final pressure respectively, V₁ and V₂ are the initial and final volume respectively.  

Substituting the given data we have,  

450 cm³ x 1 atm = 48 cm³ x P₂  

P₂ = (450 cm³ x 1 atm) / 48 cm³ = 9.375 atm  

This atom is a carbon atom and the sum of its protons and neutrons, each with a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit, gives it an atomic mass number of 12.

The atom in question, with six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons, is a carbon atom. In atomic mass units, protons and neutrons each have a mass of approximately 1. Therefore, the approximate atomic mass of this atom, given that electrons contribute minimally to atomic mass due to their very small size, is 12 (6 protons + 6 neutrons = 12). This is also known as the atomic mass number.

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Radioactive decay occurs when an unstable isotope emits radiation to transform into a more stable nuclide. This process releases energy, and possibly mass, and it involves various types of emissions such as alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Each isotope has a specific half-life, the period needed for half of the isotope's atoms to decay.

During radioactive decay, an unstable isotope, also known as a radioisotope, changes spontaneously into another nuclide. This process occurs because the nuclei that are not within the band of stability are unstable and tend to achieve a more stable state. The transformation involves the release of energy and sometimes mass, as the atom's nucleus emits radiation to become more stable.

There are various types of radioactive decay, such as alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Each of these changes the composition of the original nucleus, known as the parent nuclide, resulting in a daughter nuclide. The daughter nuclide could be stable or might further decay if it is still outside the band of stability. An example of this decay process is Carbon-14, which decays into Nitrogen-14, a stable product.

In nuclear reactions, significant amounts of energy are released, which are much greater than the energies involved in chemical reactions. Furthermore, nuclear reactions, and thus radioactive decay, occur regardless of environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure. Each radioisotope has a characteristic half-life, the time required for half of its atoms to decay.

Answer: The mass of aluminium hydroxide obtained is 14.196 grams.

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]    .....(1)

Given mass of aluminium sulfide = 13.7 g

Molar mass of aluminium sulfide = 150.158 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of sodium}=\frac{23g}{150.158g/mol}=0.091mol[/tex]

The chemical reaction of aluminium sulfide with water follows the equation:

[tex]Al_2S_3+6H_2O\rightarrow 2Al(OH)_3+3H_2S[/tex]

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of aluminium sulfide produces 2 moles of aluminium hydroxide.

So, 0.091 moles of aluminium sulfide will produce = [tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.091=0.0182mol[/tex] of aluminium hydroxide.

To calculate the mass of aluminium hydroxide, we use equation 1:

Moles of aluminium hydroxide = 0.0182 moles

Molar mass of aluminium hydroxide = 78 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]0.0182mol=\frac{\text{Mass of aluminium hydroxide}}{78g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of aluminium hydroxide}=14.196g[/tex]

Hence, the mass of aluminium hydroxide obtained is 14.196 grams.

Final answer:

To extract 896 lb of iron from an ore that contains 64% iron, 1400 lb of ore is needed.

Explanation:

The student asked how much ore is needed to obtain 896 lb of iron if the ore yields an average of 64% iron. To find the amount of ore required, we use the following mathematical relationship:

First, express 64% as a decimal, which is 0.64.

Next, divide the desired amount of iron by the percentage (as a decimal) of iron in the ore to find the total amount of ore needed. The equation for this is Total Ore Needed = Amount of Iron Required / Percentage of Iron in Ore.

Therefore, we divide 896 lb by 0.64 to find the total ore needed.

Performing the division, we get 896 lb divided by 0.64 equals 1400 lb of ore needed.

To summarize, 1400 lb of ore is needed to extract 896 lb of iron from an ore that contains 64% iron.

Option (a) 3H⁺(aq) + Al(OH)₃(s) → Al³⁺(aq) + 3H₂O(l) is the net ionic equation for the reaction between nitric acid and aluminum hydroxide. This equation represents the primary species undergoing chemical change. It excludes spectator ions to show only the substances involved in the actual chemical reaction.

Among the given options, the correct net ionic equation is:

(a) 3H⁺(aq) + Al(OH)₃ (s) → Al³⁺(aq) + 3H₂O(l)

Here is the explanation:

Thus, option (a) is the net ionic equation for this reaction.

Complete Question:

Which one of the following is the net ionic equation for the reaction of nitric acid with aluminum hydroxide?

(a) 3H⁺(aq) + Al(OH)₃ (s) → Al³⁺(aq) + 3H₂O(l)

(b) 3HNO₃ (aq) + Al(OH)₃ (s) → 3Al(NO₃)₃ (aq) + 3H₂O(C)

(c) 2H⁺(aq) + Al(OH)₂ (s) → Al²⁺ (aq) + 2H₂O(l)

(d) H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)

(e) 3NO₃⁻(aq) + Al³⁺(aq) → Al(NO₃)₃ (aq)

Answer:

Both feed into other bodies of water.

Explanation:

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Without the exact heat of combustion per gram of octane (C8H18), it is impossible to calculate the specific number of kilocalories released by the combustion of 18.5 g of octane. The process would involve multiplying the heat of combustion per gram by the amount of substance burned and converting the energy from kilojoules to kilocalories if necessary.

The student is asking about the enthalpy change associated with the combustion of octane (C8H18). To answer this, we first need the heat of combustion per gram or per mole of octane, which can be found in a given table or chemistry reference. However, since this value is not provided in the information given, we can't calculate the specific number of kilocalories released without it.

To find the heat released by combustion, once the heat of combustion per gram is known, you would multiply this value by the mass of the substance burned (in this case, 18.5 g of octane). Remember to convert kilojoules to kilocalories if necessary, as there are 0.239006 kilocalories in one kilojoule.

For example, if we knew that the combustion of 1 gram of octane released X kJ, then the heat released by burning 18.5 grams would be 18.5 * X kJ, which could then be converted to kilocalories.

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Final answer:

In the event of a strong acid splash on the face, immediately rinse with water for at least 15 to 20 minutes, remove any contaminated clothing, and seek medical attention without delay. Do not apply any substances to the affected area before consulting a professional.

Explanation:

If you splash strong acid on your face, it is crucial to act quickly to prevent severe burns and further injury. The first step is to immediately rinse the affected area with a large amount of water for at least 15 to 20 minutes. It is essential to use lukewarm water and avoid rubbing the area, which can further damage the skin. If available, you can also use special neutralizing solutions designed for chemical burns, but water should be your first choice.

After rinsing, it is critical to seek professional medical help immediately. Do not apply any creams, ointments, or other substances to the affected area before getting medical advice. While waiting for medical help, you should remove any contaminated clothing carefully and avoid touching the burn to reduce the risk of infection and further irritation. Always be careful when handling chemicals and wear appropriate protective gear to prevent such accidents.

Answer is: obey the Law of conservation of mass.

For example, balanced chemical reaction:  

Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + Li₂SO₄(aq) → PbSO₄(s) + 2LiNO₃(aq).

According to principle of mass conservation, number of atoms must be equal on both side of balanced chemical reaction.  

There are two lithium atoms, one lead atom, one sulfur atom, ten oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms on both side of reaction.

Apply Graham's law of effusion to compare the rates of effusion of Nitrogen gas (N₂) and Chlorine gas (Cl₂) and calculate the time it would take for the same volume of Cl₂ as N₂ to effuse.

The question is asking about the concept of effusion from the field of Chemistry, which refers to how quickly gases escape through a small hole. The rate of effusion for gases can be calculated using Graham's law of effusion, which states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

In this case, the student is asking how long it would take for the same volume of Cl₂ as N₂ to effuse. Given that the molar mass of nitrogen (N₂) is approximately 28 g/mol and that of chlorine (Cl₂) is approximately 70 g/mol, we can use these values in the relation (Rate of N₂ / Rate of Cl₂) = sqrt(Molar mass of Cl₂ / Molar mass of N₂). We're told that the rate of N₂ is 255s. Hence, by inserting these values into the relation, we can find the effusion rate of Cl₂.

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Answer: The mass of chloroform is 75 grams.

Explanation:

To calculate density of a substance, we use the equation:

[tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

We are given:

Density of chloroform = [tex]1.5g/cm^3[/tex]

Volume of chloroform = [tex]50cm^3[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]1.5g/cm^3=\frac{\text{Mass of chloroform}}{50cm^3}\\\\\text{Mass of chloroform}=75g[/tex]

Hence, the mass of chloroform is 75 grams.

Final answer:

Lewis electron-dot structures show the bonding in covalent molecules. Covalent bonds between atoms can be indicated either with dots (:) or a dash (-). The Lewis structure or Lewis formula shows all the bonding electron pairs as lines (bonds) and lone pairs (non-bonding electron pairs) as pairs of dots around each atom in a molecule.

Explanation:

Lewis electron-dot structures show the bonding in covalent molecules. Covalent bonds between atoms can be indicated either with dots (:) or a dash (-).

The Lewis structure or Lewis formula shows all the bonding electron pairs as lines (bonds) and lone pairs (non-bonding electron pairs) as pairs of dots around each atom in a molecule. Lewis dot symbols can be used to predict the number of bonds formed by elements in a compound.

The percent by mass of water in iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO4·7H2O, is 51.00%.

To calculate the percent by mass of water in iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO4·7H2O, we need to determine the molar mass of the compound and the molar mass of water. The molar mass of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate is calculated as follows:

Next, we determine the molar mass of the waters of crystallization:

Finally, we calculate the percent by mass of water in iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate:

(126.14 g/mol / 247.14 g/mol) x 100% = 51.00%

Answer :

Latent heat : Latent heat is defined as the amount of heat required to convert the solid into liquid or vapor and a liquid into a vapor without changing the temperature.

As there are two types of latent heat which are :

(1) Latent heat of fusion

(2) Latent heat of vaporization

Latent heat of fusion : Latent heat of fusion is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the solid converted to liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point.

Latent heat of vaporization : Latent heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the liquid converted to vapor at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.