What is the role of electron carrier molecules in energy processing systems? why are they necessary?

Answers

Answer 1
In energy processing systems electronic carrier molecules transfer electrons from one part to other part of energy processing system. This provides the necessary energy and reduces power to carry out chemical reactions. They are necessary for aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Related Questions

At a health education class for teenagers, the nurse discusses the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia trachomatis. which information would the nurse most likely include?

Answers

Final answer:

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is often asymptomatic, but symptoms may include discharge, pain during urination, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. It is important to know if one is infected to seek treatment and prevent complications.

Explanation:

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the most frequently reported bacterial STI in the United States. Chlamydia is commonly asymptomatic, meaning that infected individuals may not experience any symptoms. However, if symptoms do occur, they can include vaginal or urethral discharge, pain during urination, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. Chlamydia can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner, and it can also be spread from a mother to her baby during childbirth. Individuals need to know if they are infected with chlamydia to seek treatment and prevent the spread of the infection, as untreated chlamydia can lead to complications and long-term health problems.

The native structure of hemoglobin (hb) comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a heme group. there appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. one difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of hb to aggregate during refolding. this work demonstrates that denaturation of hb in 40% acetonitrile at ph 10.0 is reversible." (j am soc mass spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16) how many heme groups are present in three hemoglobin protein molecules?

Answers

If each subunit of a hemoglobin protein molecule carries a heme group and a hemoglobin protein molecule is made of four subunits, two α and two β, we can simply multiply four (number of heme groups that can be found in one hemoglobin protein molecule) by three (number of hemoglobin protein molecules considered). 4×3=12
There are twelve heme groups in three hemoglobin protein molecules.

There are twelve heme groups in three hemoglobin protein molecules.

Further Explanation:

Hemoglobin molecules:  

Hemoglobin, additionally spelled hemoglobin, iron-containing protein in the blood of numerous creatures in the red platelets (erythrocytes) of vertebrates, that transports oxygen to the tissues. Every hemoglobin particle is comprised of four heme gatherings encompassing a globin gathering, framing a tetrahedral structure.  

Hemoglobin protein molecules:  

Hemoglobin is the protein that makes dark red. It is made out of four protein chains, two alpha chains and two beta chains, each with a ring-like heme gathering containing an iron particle. Oxygen ties reversibly to these iron iotas and is shipped through blood.  

Which protein is found in hemoglobin:  

The name hemoglobin is gotten from the words heme and globin, mirroring the way that every subunit of hemoglobin is a globular protein with an installed heme gathering. Every heme gathering contains one iron iota, that can tie one oxygen particle through particle initiated dipole powers.  

Ordinary hemoglobin types include:  

• Hemoglobin A (Hb A): makes up about 95%-98% of hemoglobin found in grown-ups; it contains two alpha (α) chains and two beta (β) protein chains.  

• Hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2 ): makes up about 2%-3% of hemoglobin found in grown-ups; it has two alpha (α) and two delta (δ) protein chains.

Subject: biology

Level: High School

Keywords: Hemoglobin molecules, Hemoglobin protein molecules, Which protein is found in hemoglobin, Ordinary hemoglobin types include.

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What are the three common patterns of population distribution? a. clumped, random, and curved b. evenly spaced, clumped, and curved c. clumped, evenly spaced, and random d. random, curved, and evenly spaced

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c is the correct answer

Answer: The correct answer is- c. clumped, evenly spaced, and random.

Organisms in a particular population can exhibit primarily three basic patterns of population distribution, which are as follows-

1) Uniform Dispersion - When organisms of a population are uniformly ( more or less equally spaced) distributed in an area that is they are evenly spaced from one another, it shows uniform dispersion.

2) Random dispersion- It is seen when organisms of a population are randomly distributed that is there is no specific pattern between them.

3) Clumped- It s seen when organisms are present in the form of cluster that is they form groups in the form of clumps.

At the heart of the sun, the temperature and pressure is enough to drive ___________ reactions. These reactions release energy from the surface of the sun by emitting light or releasing high energy particles.

A) fission
B) fraction
C) frisson
D) fusion

Answers

I would have to say D. I hope this helps
At the heart of the sun, the temperature and pressure is enough to drive FUSION reactions. These reactions release energy from the surface of the sun by emitting light or releasing high energy particles.
At least, that's what I put on my IA2! I hope this helps:)

Which molecule is metabolized in a cell to produce energy "currency" in the form of atp?

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The molecule that is the energy for the cell is called glucose. It is a ATP is a nucleic acid containing high energy phosphate. These energy groups break off to produce different types of energy.

Which electrolyte permits the interaction of actin and myosin, thereby causing muscle contraction?

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Calcium. Just giving it to you straight :)

A client who had an organ transplant is receiving cyclosporine. the nurse should monitor for what serious adverse effect of cyclosporine? hirsutism constipation dysrhythmias increased creatinine level

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Answer: hirsutism and increased creatinine levels.

hirsutism and increased creatinine levels are both common side effects of taking cyclosporine. Cyclosporine lowers the body's immune system so that when there is a organ transplant, the immune system doesn't rejects the organ.

The nurse is providing education to a client recently diagnosed with psoriasis. the client questions the nurse about the potential for curing the condition. what response by the nurse is most appropriate?

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You will probably encounter times of expanded skin episodes and times of abatements. Psoriasis is a resistant intervened sickness that causes raised, red, flaky patches to show up on the skin. It regularly influences the outside of the elbows, knees or scalp, however it can show up on any area. A few people report that psoriasis is bothersome, consumes and stings.
Final answer:

Although there's currently no definitive cure for psoriasis, effective management of its symptoms is possible through various treatments. These aim to slow down the accelerated cell turnover process that occurs in psoriasis, and reduce inflammation and scales.

Explanation:

In the context of psoriasis, a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales, it's important to understand that there is currently no definitive cure. However, this doesn't mean that the condition cannot be managed. As a chronic inflammatory condition, psoriasis is caused by a rapid cell turnover process, where skin cells rise to the surface too quickly, causing the characteristic patches.

Treatments for psoriasis typically aim to reduce inflammation and scales, slow the growth of skin cells, and remove plaques. Psoriasis treatments include topicals, phototherapy, and systemic medications, among others. Individuals with psoriasis may also develop a form of arthritis called psoriatic arthritis, which can lead to joint inflammation.

The potential for curing psoriasis can thus be seen as the ability to effectively manage its symptoms, rather than completely erase the condition. Different treatments can provide varying results for different individuals, and what works best often depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health status. It's therefore crucial that patients consult regularly with their healthcare provider to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

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How does an enzyme’s active site relate to its substrate?

They are both used up by a single chemical reaction.

Their shapes fit snugly together.

One is soluble in water, and the other is insoluble.

They are identical in chemical makeup.

Answers

Their shapes fit snugly together

The correct answer is option Their shapes fit snugly together.

The  active site of the enzyme is designed in such a way that is can comfortable get attached to the substrates. The substrate recognizes the active site of the enzyme and get fits into it. The attachment of the enzyme and the substrate is well explained by the lock and key mechanism, which suggest that the enzymes and the substrate are similar to the lock and key. every lock has its unique key and vice versa, similarly, every enzyme has its own substrate and vice versa.

what kind of tumor grows in one part of the body

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benign tumor..............
benign tumor, for it does not expand & grow, and usually is just on one part.

malignant tumor expands, and must be treated as quickly as possible

hope this helps

When molecules cannot move through a cell membrane passively, the cell uses a process called what?

Answers

I believe it is called Passive Transport, if I am not mistaken.

I hope this helps!

Answer:

It's actually called "active transport."

Explanation:

The trick is in the question itself. When they can't move through a cell membrane PASSIVE-ly, the cell uses transport proteins to actively transport them.

In normal humans, sex cells contain the _________ number of chromosomes.
A) diploid
B) haploid
C) multiploid
D) tetraploid

Answers

In normal humans, sex cells contain the haploid number of chromosomes. 
haploid amount of cells, then when the egg becomes fertilized, it becomes diploid chromosomes

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Answers

Substrate level phosphorylation refers to the metabolic reactions which result in the formation of ATP or GTP by the direct transfer of phosphoryl group from ADP or GDP from another phosphorylated compound. Substrate level phosphorylation provide a quicker but less efficient source of ATP.
Substrate level phosphorylation occur in cytoplasm of cells during glycolysis and in mitochondria during  Kreb's cycle under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
In glycolysis, the first substrate level phosphorylation occur after the conversion of 3 phosphoglycealdehyde to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate.

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration and during glycolysis in fermentation. It is the direct synthesis of ATP from ADP during a metabolic reaction and is important for producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Substrate-level phosphorylation is the direct synthesis of ATP from ADP during a metabolic reaction. This process occurs in both the glycolysis and the Krebs cycle during cellular respiration, as well as during fermentation. In glycolysis, this process takes place when a phosphate group is transferred from a phosphorylated intermediate directly to ADP, forming ATP.

Fermentation also involves substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis, as it provides the ATP necessary for the cell’s metabolic requirements in the absence of oxygen. However, no ATP is produced by the fermentation process beyond this point, as it lacks an electron transport chain.

The Krebs cycle is significant since it is involved in both the catabolism (breakdown of molecules to produce energy) and anabolism (synthesis of compounds needed by the cell). In the Krebs cycle, substrate-level phosphorylation occurs when GDP is converted to GTP, which can then be used to generate ATP.

The _______ chromosomes in a human cell from inside the cheek are found in the _______.
a. 46; cytoplasm
b. 23; nucleus
c. 24; cytoplasm
d. 46; nucleus
e. 22; nucleus

Answers

d
Chromosomes are found in nucleus.
Cheek cell is not a sex cell so 46 chromosomes

What if you get a cavity on a baby tooth?

Answers

If I were you I would call the dentist to make sure everything is ok

refer to the illustration above. which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote

Answers

Final answer:

The presence of a membrane-bound nucleus differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles and multiple rod-shaped chromosomes.

Explanation:

The structure that immediately identifies a cell as a eukaryote is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. This nucleus is a distinct feature that differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells often also contain membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus among others. An additional characteristic of eukaryotes is their chromosomal structure, which comprises multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes.

For instance, if you're looking at the illustration in Figure 3.37, the large, dark, oval-shaped structure within the nucleus is the nucleolus, a part of this membrane-bound nucleus. Similarly, cells with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, as shown in this mammalian lung cell, are clear indicators of eukaryotes.

In general, eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells, featuring numerous 'little organs' or organelles that carry out specialized cellular functions. This specialization and compartmentalization of functions allow eukaryotic cells to be larger and more diverse than their prokaryotic counterparts.

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Describe one characteristic of the plasma membrane that allows estrogen to passively cross the membrane

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The property of the cell membrane is permeable; some substance can permit through it spontaneously, but others cannot. Small and nonpolar molecules can easily pass through the membrane, but stimulates ions and fat molecules such as proteins and sugars are streaked channel. Estrogens are fat-soluble which muddles to steroid hormone receptor to penetrate the cell membrane.

Final answer:

Estrogen is able to passively cross the plasma membrane due to its hydrophobic property. The hormone, being a type of small hydrophobic ligand, dissolves in the lipid bilayer's hydrophobic interior, enabling it to cross the membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.

Explanation:

The characteristic of the plasma membrane that permits estrogen to passively cross it is its hydrophobic property. The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, but the inside of the membrane, where the fatty acid tails are present, is hydrophobic.  Molecules such as estrogen, which are also hydrophobic, can dissolve in the hydrophobic interior and cross the membrane.

Estrogen, being a steroid hormone, is an important member of a group called small hydrophobic ligands. These ligands can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane and interact with internal receptors. To illustrate, once estrogen is circulated in the bloodstream, it releases from its carrier protein and passes through the plasma membrane of the target cell, where it binds to receptors within the cytoplasm or nucleus. This binding triggers cell signaling pathways that regulate specific genes on the cell's DNA, thus altering gene expression and, ultimately, the cell's function.  

The plasma membrane's selective permeability, fluidity, and incorporation of molecules like cholesterol all aid in this process of passive transport.

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How does a large change in temperature or ph affect proteins?

Answers

They come apart and lose their shape.

They come apart and lose their shape.

What is the Golgi apparatus and it’s function ?

Answers

The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids (fats) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies some of them and sorts, concentrates and packs them into sealed droplets called vesicles.

The buddhist-majority population of sri lanka is known as the ____________.

Answers

The Buddhist majority population of Sri Lanka is known as the Sinhalese. This is an Indo-Aryan ethnic group that are native to Sri Lanka. They represent three fourths of the Sri Lankan population, and there are about 15 million Sinhalese.

What are two tools that doctors and genetic councilors use to predict genetic disorders?

Answers

1.Amniocentesis is a procedure which involves draining a small amount of amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid contains a few cells from the fetus. Chromosomes in the cells, which contain the genetic information of the fetus, are examined for abnormalities

2. DNA testing, introduced in 1976, is used to identify specific gene disorders.

Answer:

free points mwah

Explanation:

A diet based upon vegetables, legumes, eggs, grains, nuts, and fruits is know as

Answers

forks over knifes whole food diet 

Which ocean condition(s) would result in downwelling?

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downwelling is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath warm air. It is the sinking limb of a convection cell.

In which stage of the cell cycle is the cell cleaved into two new daughter cells?

Answers

The cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells in the cytokinesis stage of cell cycle. In this stage, the cytoplasmic content of the cell starts to divide into two daughter cells.

What is Cell cycle?

The cell cycle is a series of events which takes place in a cell as the cell grows and undergoes division. A cell spends most of the time in the interphase stage, and during this phase, the cell grows, replicates its genetic material, and prepares itself for the actual cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, and undergoes M-phase or mitosis or meiosis, and completes the cell division.

Cytokinesis is the last part of the M-phase of cell cycle during which the cell division is completed by physical separation of the cytoplasmic component of the cell into two daughter cells.

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Final answer:

During cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle, the cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells.

Explanation:

The cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells during the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle. Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of the cell, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.

The chemical that communicates a signal from a neuron to another cell is called a answer

Answers

Could be Neurotransmitters. 

The relative dating of layers of rocks is aided by utilizing a principle of stratigraphy called

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The relative dating of layers of rocks is aided by more then a principle of stratigraphy. Nevertheless, there is one that may be considered the main basic principle utilised to aid on this task - the Law of Superposition, which indicates that, when in undisturbed strata, the oldest rock layer lays at the bottom, whereas the youngest rock layer lays at the top. All other layers that may exist in between follow this same pattern of old to young from bottom to top.

​digestible carbohydrates are broken down or converted into ____ inside the body.
a. ​lactose
b. ​sucrose
c. ​galactose
d. ​glucose
e. fructose​

Answers

your answer is, d. glucose

A piece of wood has a volume of 200cm3 and a mass of 1,000g. What is the density of the wood?

800g/cm3

5g/mL

1200g/cm3

5g/cm3

Answers

The third one 1200g/cm3

Which biome covers approximately 70% of earth's surface? temperate broadleaf forest coral reefs tropical forest oceanic pelagic zone?

Answers

The answer is:
_____________________________________
"oceanic" .
________________________________________

Final answer:

The biome that covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface is the oceanic pelagic zone, an aquatic biome that includes the open ocean far from land and is home to diverse marine life.

Explanation:

The biome that covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface is not a terrestrial biome such as temperate broadleaf forests, coral reefs, or tropical forests, but is the oceanic pelagic zone. This aquatic biome encapsulates the vast open ocean, which is the largest habitat on our planet. Terrestrial biomes, including the ones like temperate forests and tropical wet forests, cover only about 30% percent of Earth's surface.

These vast aquatic areas are critical to the Earth's ecosystem, playing a key role in regulating climate, carbon cycling, and supporting a diverse array of marine life. The oceanic pelagic zone is characterized by its depth and the lack of a solid structure beneath, such as the continuity of the oceanic crust. The open sea is a unique environment that hosts a diversity of organisms adapted to its particular conditions, which vary greatly from surface waters to the deep sea.

The cell membrane is made up of _____.

a double layer of cellulose
a single layer of cellulose
a double layer of protein
a double layer of phospholipids

Answers

It consists of a layer of phospholipids and protein. But is mostly referred to as the phospholipids layer. The answer is; a double layer of phospholipids.
Hope that helped. Have a nice day

The right option is; a double layer of phospholipids

The cell membrane is made up of a double layer of phospholipids.

The cell membrane is a biological membrane that surrounds a cell and separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment. The cell membrane is composed of a double layer of lipids with embedded proteins. The cell membrane protects the cell, gives the cell its structure, and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.


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