What is the purpose of using modulo 2 arithmetic rather than binary arithmetic in computing an fcs?

Answers

Answer 1
Final answer:

The purpose of using modulo 2 arithmetic in computing an FCS is to detect transmission errors through simple and efficient calculations. It provides a checksum that can be used to verify data integrity, detecting common errors like single-bit and burst errors. This method does not require handling carry operations, simplifying implementation.

Explanation:

The purpose of using modulo 2 arithmetic in computing a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is to provide error detection capability when data packets are transmitted over a network. Modulo 2 arithmetic is a simple, efficient method of calculating a type of checksum that can be used to verify the integrity of the transmitted data. By performing bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) operations on the data bits, modulo 2 arithmetic generates a value that can be appended to the data. When the data is received, the same operations are performed, including the FCS. If the result is zero, it is assumed that the data has not been corrupted during transmission.Modulo 2 arithmetic is used because it resembles binary addition without carry. It simplifies the hardware or software implementation since handling carry operations is not required. Also, modulo 2 arithmetic can detect common errors such as single-bit errors and burst errors that can occur in communication channels, providing a simple yet robust way to ensure data integrity. This method is commonly used in network protocols, for example, in the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).


Related Questions

Which ipv4 ip class provides for 126 unique networks, each having up to 16,777,214 hosts?

Answers

Class A.






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The part of the data bus that runs between the microprocessor and ram is called the _______ bus.

Answers

The part of the data bus that runs between the microprocessor and ram is called the local bus. A local bus' job is to connect directly from the CPU to one or more slots on the expansion bus. The significance of direct connection to the CPU is avoiding the bottleneck created by the expansion bus, thus providing fast throughput.

The part of the data bus that runs between the microprocessor and RAM is called the data bus. It facilitates data transfer within the computer, allowing components to communicate efficiently.

The data bus transfers data to and from the data registers of various system components, including the CPU and RAM. It serves as the central means for communication within the computer system, allowing different components to share and exchange information seamlessly.

Types of Buses in Computer Architecture

There are three main types of buses in a computer system:

Data bus: Transfers data between the CPU, memory, and other components.Address bus: Carries the address of the data locations that the CPU wants to access.Control bus: Transmits control signals to coordinate and manage the operations of the computer components.

The front surface of the CCD is called the _________

Answers

Fiber optics. Hope this helps


What is an advantage of network devices using open standard protocols?

Answers

The Network devices using open standard protocols are Competition and innovation are limited to specific types of products. A client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data. Network communications is confined to data transfers between devices from the same vendor. Internet access can be controlled by a single ISP in each market.

What is the process called that determines how bits are represented on the medium?

Answers

The process that determines how bits are represented on the medium is called encoding. It is the process of converting a certain data into a particular format that is required for a certain processing need like program execution, data transmission or file conversion.

Monochrome refers to the use of one color in various shades and tints


True

False

True?

Answers

Your answer is gonna be true

what does api stand for

Answers

It stands for application Programming Interface.

Hope this helps! :)
API in computer means "application computer interface". It helps computer technology interact with each other

hope this helps

What is the command for opening a spreadsheet object in a separate spreadsheet window

Answers

i had that problem all the time. do this:
right click on the excel icon on the computer and click for a new excel sheet

go to file and open
find the excel sheet
and now you have 2 sheets open

Answer:

Worksheet Object > Open

Explanation:

In the computerized environment, a command is a representation that literally commands and determines an action that the computer must perform. This command is usually performed by the computer user himself, however some software can perform this action.

An example of a command is the "Worksheet Object> Open" which is used when you want to open a spreadsheet object in a separate spreadsheet window.

Under what circumstances would it be appropriate to use the sentence method of note taking, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this method?

Answers

It will be appropriate to use the sentence method when the lesson do not follow any clear structure or when information collected does not need reviewing.

Let understand that "Note taking" refers to writing down of pieces of information in a systematic way such in a lecture or a discussion.

The Sentence method of Note taking is not the best because its only takes down salient point and are mostly use when there are no other options available of writing down the full information.

The advantages of Sentence method includes:

It is very efficient when used during live lectures or discussion.It is versatile to used for any class and subject. The style is very easy to learn and use.

The disadvantages of Sentence method includes:

The process of review after class is time-consuming. The main concepts will be difficult to distinguish from small details.Its requires quick handwriting skills which could be difficult.

Learn more about Note taking here

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The unique address for a particular web site is the ________.

Answers

The unique address for a particular web site is the domain.

During which stage of technical design are prototypes built

Answers

Hey, there! 

During which stage of technical design are prototypes built was

Answer: implement of a solution 

Good luck on your assignment and enjoy your day! 

~MeIsKaitlyn:)

The term hard drive refers collectively to hard disks and ______.

Answers

hard drive is singular, referring to a single hardware component of a computer called a hard disk.

Answer:

SSD's

sorry im so late

Which four of the following hardware components are used to enable networking and are not part of a standalone computer? NIC protocols hub monitor mouse router switches printers

Answers

NIC, hub, router, and switches are the hardware components used to enable networking and are not part of a standalone computer.

Hope that helps :)

Answer:

NIC, hub, router, and switches

Explanation:

NIC (or network card) has the function to prepare, send and control data to the network. A network card serves as a physical interface between the computer and the cable. It prepares data output from the computer to the network cable, transfers it to another computer, and controls the flow of data between the computer and cable. It also translates the data coming from the cable and converts it into bytes, so that the computer's Central Unit understands it.Hubs are used to connect the various devices that make up a network, computers, printers, or others. The term hub is used to refer to a network device that connects computers to each other, but in reality it also serves as a repeater, because it passes or repeats all the information it receives to all its ports.A router is a device that connects several normally different segments on a single network. Once a router is turned on, it can make smart decisions about how to get the data to its destination based on the information it gets from the network itself.Switch - Like the hub, the switch connects multiple segments of a network, but with one major difference: while a hub distributes information across all ports simultaneously, the switch establishes a direct link between the sending device and the receiving device. .

How many bits would you need if you wanted to have the ability to count up to 1000?

Answers

For every bit you can record two possible data and the amount will increase by rate 2^x where x is the number of bit. To answer this question, you need to know what is the least amount 2^x that will be enough to record 1000 possibilities.
To do this, it is easier to divide the number with 32 for 5 bits(2^5=32), then divide it with 2 for 1 bit until it less than 1. The calculation would be: 1000/32= 31.25 /32= 0.976.
The answer would be 5 bit+ 5bit= 10 bit. (2^10= 1024)

Answer:

10 bits

Explanation:

it would be ten bits in total

What is the largest number representable by an unsigned 32 bit integer?

Answers

2^32 - 1





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What is the processor on a video card called? select one:

a. gpu

b. cpu

c. gddr

d. mpu?

Answers

a. Graphics Processing Unit

It is okay to perform experiments without your teacher's permission. This shows creativity.

Question 2 options:
True
False

Answers

It would be False, because if you were to mess up it can result in something going bad.

Sandie is writing a report for her environmental science class. She has asked her older sister who is away at college to proof her writing and add comments to point out errors and areas that could be improved. What is the most efficient way for Sandie and her sister to collaborate on the document?

Answers

help each other because if the other sister is older she should have more experience and knowledge

Answer:

Sandie should share the document in OneDrive and give her sister permission to edit the document.

Which part of the chipset is the fast side?Which motherboard component is the most likely cause of the problem listed below? A computer repeatedly displays the incorrect date and time after being powered on.

Answers

Which part of the chipset is the fast side? 
That would be the northbridge because it connects directly to the processor.

A computer repeatedly displays the incorrect date and time after being powered on.
That would be the CMOS battery but the date and time could also be messed up in your BIOS and one would need to set it to the correct time. With that said, the answer is CMOS battery

Java compiler translates java source code into ________. question 11 options:

Answers

Answer:

bytecode

Explanation:

     Java compiler translates java code into an intermediate representation called bytecode. The bytecode in turn is executed on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The structure of the bytecode is standardized and forms part of the JVM specification.

    This is different from other programming languages like C/C++ where the source code is  compiled to executable which runs directly on the processor.

Java compiler translates java source code into Bytecode.

Bytecode is a low-level representation of the Java code that is platform-independent.

It is a set of instructions that can be executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

When you compile Java source code using a Java compiler, it converts the human-readable Java code into bytecode, which can then be executed by the JVM on different platforms, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux.

The JVM interprets and executes the bytecode to run the Java program.

To learn more on Java programming click:

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Before text can be formatted, you must first _____.

Answers

saved is the answer
hope it helps

Operating system software also called a(n) ____ manages computer hardware and software

Answers

The answer to this question is: platform
Platform is a low-level software that support the basic functions in all computers. The platform will mediate the input (the data that the user put to the computer), process the input through the processor, and then display the desired result to the screen in front of the user.

Which of the following STEM discoverers is known for creating complex computational physics to develop computer models to simulate fluid movement? Edison Fedkiw Gates Hawking

Answers

Ronald Fedkiw is known for his research on computational physics focusing on developing computer models to simulate fluid movement. He has been awarded two Academy Award for helping out technicians and engineers to create visual effects for their movies. He is currently a professor in Stanford. 

Answer:

Ronald Fedkiw

Explanation:

What does AAC stand for?

Answers

AACAdvanced Audio Coding Computing » Software -- and more..
There are many things it stands for, but you are most likely looking for Advanced Audio Coding. 

Describe three ways to protect the computer and all peripheral devices from damage

Answers

Here are three ways:

Cleaning: as applied to most things in our lives, cleaning also applies to protecting peripheral devices. To ensure the smooth running of such devices one needs to clean the dust and dirt from these devices once in a while. Make sure you disconnect the device before you eject it from the system.

Follow instructions: Most devices come with a safety guide and instructions manual, always use the recommended settings for the smooth running of your system. These recommendations usually come from the manufacturer and are reliable.

Surge suppressor/protector: One of the major issues faced by the users is faults caused by power surges. One needs to make sure to use a Surge Suppressor/Protector connected with the system to make sure it will not damaged with power fluctuations. 

In a database, a table can be defined as a data category.

a. True

b. False

Answers

Answer:

True ( A )

Explanation:

A database is a collection of information in an organised format and these data is collected, organized and stored electronically either in the computer system or an external electronic device such as flash drives and hard disks.

A database is made of tables, involving rows and columns. these depends on the type of database as well which could be a relational, object -oriented or text base database. for a database containing Tables and other forms of information the table in the database can be called or classified as a data category found in the database system.

Users with visual or hearing impairments, or who lack the full use of their hands, need web pages that are ____.

Answers

Easily workable to them. With voice controls, a read the text button and seeing help, like bigger logos and bold colors.

In ipv4 addressing, each ip address is a unique ____ number. a. 12-bit b. 32-bit c. 64-bit d. 128-bit

Answers

b. 32-bit

d. 128-bit would be IPv6

To join two or more objects to make a larger whole is to _____________ them.
a.

regulate
b.

compliment
c.

integrate
d.

correlate

Answers

i think it would be C

Answer:

C) Integrate

Explanation:

Got it right on Edge :D

Which part of a window lets you see a fileâs contents without opening the file?

Answers

The preview pane. On the right hand side of the file explorer.
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