What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and homogeneous mixture?

Final answer:

In nuclear fusion, two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a new element or different atom (A), such as helium from hydrogen. Some of the mass is converted into energy, not resulting in pure energy only. Fusion powers stars and releases significant energy in the process.

Explanation:

The result of nuclear fusion reactions is (A) a new element or different atom formed from the original two. During a fusion reaction, two or more atomic nuclei collide at very high speed and join to create a new nucleus. An example of this process is the fusion of deuterium and tritium, light isotopes of hydrogen, which combine to form helium and release energy.

This energy release occurs because some of the mass of the fusing nuclei is converted into energy, following Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle (E=mc²). Therefore, the result is not pure energy but a combination of a new element and released energy. Nuclear fusion is also the process that powers the stars, where hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium, releasing vast amounts of energy in the form of light and heat.

In summary, option (A) a new element or different atom formed from the original two is the correct result of a fusion reaction, as exemplified by the fusion reaction in stars.

Final answer:

Whether an object scatters or reflects light depends on the object's surface properties and light's wavelength. Smooth, shiny surfaces lead to specular reflection, while rough surfaces or small particles cause light to scatter, as in Rayleigh scattering, which gives the sky its blue color.

Explanation:

The distinction between whether an object will scatter light or reflect light depends on the object's properties and the wavelength of light. Specular reflection, following the law that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, usually occurs on smooth and shiny surfaces, like a mirror. On the other hand, diffuse reflection or scattering occurs when light encounters rough surfaces or particles much smaller than the light's wavelength, which is the principle behind Rayleigh scattering. Rayleigh scattering, inversely related to the fourth power of the light's wavelength, explains why blue light is scattered more in the atmosphere, making the sky look blue, and why the sun appears yellowish from Earth.

Answer : The correct relationship between the molecular formula and the empirical formula is, [tex]\text{molecular mass}=n\times \text{empirical mass}[/tex]

Explanation :

Empirical formula : It is the simplest form of the chemical formula which depicts the whole number of atoms of each element present in the compound.  

Molecular formula : it is the chemical formula which depicts the actual number of atoms of each element present in the compound.  

For determining the molecular formula, we need to determine the valency which is multiplied by each element to get the molecular formula.

The equation used to calculate the valency is :

[tex]n=\frac{\text{molecular mass}}{\text{empirical mass}}[/tex]

As we are given that the empirical formula of a compound is [tex]CH_2[/tex].

[tex]\text{molecular mass}=n\times \text{empirical mass}[/tex]

Thus, the molecular formula will be, [tex](CH_2)_n[/tex]

Due to mass conservation, the weight of the resulting products is the same as the reactants that participated in the reaction, 2 grams of reactant have been consumed.

The smallest part of a compound is called a molecule. The correct answer is option d.

A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more different elements, which are chemically bonded to each other in a fixed ratio.

A molecule is the smallest part of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound. It is made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. When atoms combine to form molecules, they share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Therefore, a molecule is the smallest part of a compound. Option d is the correct answer.

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Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

When dietary fiber is broken down then it divides into smaller pieces and therefore, it becomes easier for gastric acid and digestive enzymes in the stomach to digest the food.

Therefore, we can conclude that out of the given options the benefit of cooking food to break down dietary fiber is that it helps in improving digestibility.

“Models are developed when a scientist’s creativity and insight are combined with data and observations about many similar scenarios”. Models are used for a lot of things in science. As we know everything has advantages and disadvantages, and the same applies to models. Models help us illustrate the concept and formulate hypothesis. When models are used, the scientists are able to notice patterns and develop and revise representation that become a useful model, which makes their scientific knowledge stronger and helps them understand more about the nature of science. Models are a simplified representation. One of the biggest advantages of the model is, that it allows you to have a look at things which are too small such as atoms or too big such as the solar system.

Although, having many benefits, models have quite a number of disadvantages. Models sometimes oversimplify the process therefore leading to a misunderstanding. As models are supposed to be a simplified representation, they will not be complex, which means they will lack detail. For Example “our particle model explains many things about matter, it is not comprehensive — for example, it cannot predict why certain materials have different electrical properties. We could add further refinements that are outside the scope of this course to enable it to do so, but it would make our model so complicated that it would no longer be useful to us”

An example of physical weathering has been frost wedging. Thus, option A is correct.

Physical weathering has been defined as the act of breaking of rocks under the influence of physical pressure. The physical weathering can be caused by slowly moving of water, plant roots or ice wedging.

In ice wedging or frost wedging, the water moves in the cracks of rocks and results in the expansion with conversion to solid state. The expansion results in the physical weathering of rocks.

Thus, an example of physical weathering has been frost wedging. Thus, option A is correct.

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The approximate rate of plate movement is different in different regions. It is reported that the annual rate of tectonic plate movement in Atlantic region is about 0.8 cm/yr and that in pacific region is about 4cm/yr.

The layers of earth crust and  is called as tectonic plates. This tectonic plates creates the earths lithosphere. Tectonic plates are irregularly placed slabs undergoing some movements.

Lithospheric movement or tectonic movements is caused by the convection current in hot mantle in the earth crust. This current moves the fluid and thereby results in the slight movements of plates.

Thus, the rate of movement of tectonic plate depends on the regional characteristics and ocean crust. The scientific reports says that it is near 0.8 cm per yr in north Atlantic regions and 4cm/ yr in pacific area.

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Answer: You may remember that an element can exist in different forms, called isotopes. These differ only in the number of neutrons of their nuclei.

Explanation: The nuclei of some isotopes break apart naturally to form new elements, releasing energy. This is called nuclear decay. When neutrons are absorbed by nuclei and then cause nuclei to break apart, the reaction is called nuclear fission. Nuclear fission happens every day in nuclear power plants. It supplies the heat necessary to make the steam used to generate electricity.

 In order to become a scientific theory the three categories that it must pass are the following: 

1) Can the phenomena be recreated in a laboratory setting? 

2) Can variables be changed, yet still result in like observations? 

3) Is the phenomena truly natural or was it the result of a man-made force enacting upon it?

The main difference between the Bohr model of the atom and the wave-mechanical model of the atom lies in the level of certainty of where the electrons are located is true

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Why? Because if you search or look at a inside of a battery you'll see that it is made up of weird chemicals and stuff

(If you actually do look inside of a battery make sure to dispose correctly because it is dangerous.)

The type of energy present in the batteries of a flashlight is chemical energy.

Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules. When the batteries are used, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, which powers the flashlight.

Mechanical energy is the energy of motion. Radiant energy is the energy of light. Both of these types of energy are not present in batteries.

The chemical energy in the batteries is stored in the form of ions. When the batteries are used, the ions react with each other and release electrons. The electrons flow through the flashlight, creating an electric current. The electric current powers the light bulb in the flashlight, which produces light.

The chemical energy in the batteries is not infinite. Eventually, the batteries will run out of energy and the flashlight will stop working.

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Elements of nonmetals are likely to gain electrons

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If you break an element into its smallest particles, you will get atoms, because all matter, with elements, is made up of atoms.

Chemical elements are pure forms of matter that are present on the earth. They are made up of single types of atoms. And they are also found mixing with other substances on the earth. There are 118 elements in the periodic table.

Atoms are the smallest and basic particle form of which all matter is made up. They are made up of charged particles which are electrons, neutrons, and protons. In the center of the atom, there is a nucleus. Atoms are divisible particles.

As, all matters are made up of atoms, elements are also made up of atoms, so breaking of elements would give atoms.

Thus, you will get atoms by breaking the elements.

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Answer: 1 mol Al2O3/102.0 g Al2O3