Answer: Hours or time of light exposure
Explanation: The longer exposure time, the greater the amount of solar energy transferred per unit of space. I think that make sense.
Answer:
Nearness to equator or geographical position
Explanation:
Due to Earth’s spherical shape, the sun rays with high intensity falls on the equator. Therefore if a place is located away from the equator, it will receive low intensity sun rays.
Countries like India which lie at close proximity to the equator get solar energy in sufficient amount. Such countries are able to harness electricity from solar energy due to its high intensity.
Therefore , Nearness to equator or geographical position is the dependent variable that impacts the amount of solar energy in a location.
Which of the following traits does not characterize an individualistic community? A) discrete geographic boundaries B) strong abiotic influences on species distributions C) community composition changes along a gradient D) strong biotic influences on species distribution E) bottom-up organization
Answer : strong biotic influences on species distribution - D)
Which of the following lists steps of mRNA production in eukaryotes in the correct order?View Available Hint(s)Which of the following lists steps of mRNA production in eukaryotes in the correct order?Transcription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membraneTranscription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, passage through nuclear membrane, exon splicingTranscription, addition of poly-A tail, 5' cap addition, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membrane5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membrane, transcription
Answer:
Transcription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membrane
Explanation:
After being synthesized during the transcription, mRNA (pre-mRNA) must be modified in order to be functional (mature mRNA) and exported from the nucleus for the process of translation.Modification of pre-mRNA include:
5' capping-addition of 7-methylguanosine to the 5' end which protects the pre-mRNA addition of adenine residues to form a poly(A) tail whic is also with protective role (from ribonuclease digestion)RNA splicing-excision of introns and reconection of exonsModified mRNA can now be transported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
All of the following represent ways that animals defend themselves against predators except A) incorporating plant toxins into their tissues. B) cryptic coloration. C) mobbing. D) interspecific competition. E) hiding or fleeing.
Answer:
interspecific competition - D)
A species of moth has evolved a very long tongue to reach nectar at the bottom of a species of orchid. This orchid has evolved a long nectar tube, so that moths feeding on its nectar contact its pollen, helping it to reproduce. This is an example of
A. chemical evolution.
B. predatory evolution.
C. independent evolution.
D. coevolution.
The answer here would be: D. coevolution.
co·ev·o·lu·tion
noun
the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution.
The given situation is a classic example of Coevolution.
Evolution is defined as the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations and these characteristics are the expression of genes passed from parents to offspring through reproduction process.
Evolution can be of different types such as- Chemical Evolution, Predatory evolution, Independent Evolution, Coevolution
What is Coevolution?Coevolution is the process of reciprocal evolutionary changes occurring between pairs of species through their interaction with each other.
The participation of each species applies selection pressure on the other resulting into adoption by those species which fastly evolves according to the circumstances and change of situation.
It is one of the primary method by which biological communities are organized leading to specialized relationships between two different species.
Coevolution interaction depends upon current genetic makeup and mutations of the species along with the community context where the interaction is taking place.
Example- Antagonistic Coevolution
The interaction of two different species allow individual species to exploit vulnerable resources or increased protection.
Example- Mutual Coevolution
What is Chemical Evolution?The origin and chemical evolution of Earth's atmosphere is a complex combination of cosmic and terrestrial processes, which acted throughout the entire history of our planet.
The modern theory of chemical evolution states that on a primitive earth a mixture of simple chemicals assembled into more complex molecular systems, from which, eventually came the first functioning cell(s).
In this extremely complicated series of transformations several key transitions must be contemplated.
What is predatory Evolution?Predators and prey are natural enemies, and many of their adaptations seem designed to counter each other. Their adaptations have been characterized as an evolutionary arms race, an example of the coevolution of two species.
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Consider a field plot containing 200 kg of plant material. Approximately how many kg of carnivore production can be supported? A) 200 B) 100 C) 20 D) 10 E) 2
Answer:
E) 2
Explanation:
The energy transfer through the food chain is not 100% from one consumer to another, or from the producer to the primary consumer, but instead it is around 10%. This means that if a producer has the 100% of energy, as it is the one that produces it, the primary consumer will only get 10% of its energy while consuming it, while the predator of the the primary consumer will only 10% from the primary consumer, or rather only 1% from the energy of the producer. In this case we have 200 kg of plant material. The plant material represents a producer, thus it is the one with 100% of energy. A herbivore will eat the plant material, getting 10% of its energy, thus this plant material is supporting about 20 kg of herbivore. The predator of the herbivore gets only 10% from the herbivore's energy, or only 1% of the producer's energy, thus only 2 kg of predator can be supported by the initial plant material.
The exact amount of carnivore production cannot be determined, but it would be much less than the initial 200 kg of plant material.
Explanation:In order to estimate the amount of carnivore production that can be supported by a field plot with 200 kg of plant material, we can use the information provided. It states that 60 g/m² carbon is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores. Since we have no information about the size or area of the field plot, we cannot determine the exact amount of carnivore production. However, we can suggest that it would be much less than the initial 200 kg of plant material.
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Describe the steps to transcribe an mRNA molecule and use the mRNA molecule to produce proteins.
Answer:
Explanation:
The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the "workhorses" of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life. For example, enzymes, including those that metabolize nutrients and synthesize new cellular constituents, as well as DNA polymerases and other enzymes that make copies of DNA during cell division, are all proteins.
In the simplest sense, expressing a gene means manufacturing its corresponding protein, and this multilayered process has two major steps. In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription. During transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA (Figure 1). The resulting mRNA is a single-stranded copy of the gene, which next must be translated into a protein molecule.
During translation, which is the second major step in gene expression, the mRNA is "read" according to the genetic code, which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins (Figure 2). Each group of three bases in mRNA constitutes a codon, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble—in order—the chain of amino acids that form a protein
But where does translation take place within a cell? What individual substeps are a part of this process? And does translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? The answers to questions such as these reveal a great deal about the essential similarities between all species.
Final answer:
Transcription and translation are the two main processes in protein synthesis. Transcription produces a complementary mRNA from the DNA template, and after processing, the mRNA is used in translation to form a protein. Protein synthesis involves initiation, elongation, and termination, followed by mRNA processing, translation, and folding of the polypeptide.
Explanation:
Overview of Transcription and Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis begins with the critical process of transcription, during which a segment of DNA is used to create a complementary mRNA molecule. This occurs in the following steps:
Initiation: Transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind to DNA at the promoter region of a gene, unwinding the DNA strand.
Elongation: RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, adding complementary RNA nucleotides to grow the mRNA strand.
Termination: The RNA polymerase reaches a stop signal in the DNA sequence and releases the newly synthesized mRNA strand.
In eukaryotes, the new mRNA undergoes processing which may include splicing, editing, and polyadenylation.
The processed mRNA then travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Once in the cytoplasm, translation takes place:
A ribosome attaches to the mRNA.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules with attached amino acids recognize specific codons on the mRNA through their anticodons and bind to the mRNA, bringing the appropriate amino acids into place.
As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, amino acids are joined together forming a polypeptide chain.
The folding of the polypeptide into its functional three-dimensional structure results in the final protein.
Mrs. Smith has blood type A. Her father has blood type A, and her mother has blood type B. If Mr. Smith has blood type AB, what is the probability that they will have a child with blood type AB? A. 50% B. 100% C. 25% D. 0%
Final answer:
The probability that Mrs. Smith with blood type A (AO) and Mr. Smith with blood type AB will have a child with blood type AB is 25%.
Explanation:
The question is asking us to determine the probability that Mrs. Smith, who has blood type A, and Mr. Smith, who has blood type AB, will have a child with blood type AB. Blood type A can have genotypes either AA or AO, and since Mrs. Smith's mother has blood type B, Mrs. Smith's genotype must be AO. Mr. Smith's AB blood type means his genotype is AB. When crossing these genotypes (AO x AB), the possible genotypes for offspring are AA, AB, AO, and BO, each with equal likelihood.
This is because the child can inherit the A allele from Mrs. Smith and the B allele from Mr. Smith, resulting in the AB blood type.
Therefore, the probability that they will have a child with blood type AB is one out of the four possible genotypes (25%).
The correct answer is C. 25%.
Final answer:
The probability of Mrs. Smith (blood type A) and Mr. Smith (blood type AB) having a child with blood type AB is 25%, as determined by a Punnett square showing one out of four possible allele combinations resulting in the AB genotype.
Explanation:
To determine the probability that Mrs. Smith (blood type A) and Mr. Smith (blood type AB) could have a child with blood type AB, it is important to understand the possible genotypes each parent could possess and how those might combine during reproduction. Since Mrs. Smith has blood type A and both of her parents contributed different blood types (A and B), her genotype is most likely AO. Mr. Smith, with blood type AB, has a genotype of AB, as both A and B alleles are co-dominant.
Using a Punnett square to illustrate the potential combinations of alleles from the parents, we can determine the possible genotypes for their children. Mrs. Smith can contribute either A (IA) or O (i) alleles and Mr. Smith can contribute either A (IA) or B (IB) alleles. The combinations IAIA, IAi, IAIB, and iIB are possible. However, only the IAIB combination will produce a child with blood type AB.
Therefore, the probability of them having a child with blood type AB is 25% (as there is one IAIB combination out of four possible combinations).
Which of these is an example of natural selection acting on genetic variation resulting in evolutionary adaptation?As global warming has continued, many species that were found near the tropics have migrated either northward or southward toward the poles.As the African environment became drier and the grasslands more prevalent, arched feet and non-opposable toes, both more effective for walking upright, became more common in hominins.Insect diversity in temperate broadleaf forests varies from year to year based on the amount of precipitation.During years of drought, tree rings are narrower.
Answer:
As the African environment became drier and the grasslands more prevalent, arched feet and non-opposable toes, both more effective for walking upright, became more common in hominins
Explanation:
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, natural selection is the main evolutionary mechanism. Darwin explains that organisms that have heritable traits that help them survive and reproduce, will be favorable by natural selection. Those favorable traits will enable organism to better adapt to their environment and to pass more genes on to the next generation (offspring). Favorable traits increase organism's fitness. In the example above, resarched feet and non-opposable toes are favorable traits that helped hominini's survival in the drier environment.
You are most likely to observe primary succession when you visit a(n) A) tropical rain forest. B) abandoned field. C) old riverbed. D) fairly recent volcanic island. E) deep sea vent.
Answer:
The answer would be a fairly recent volcanic island.
Hope this helps
An insect that has evolved to resemble a plant twig will probably be able to avoid A) parasitism. B) symbiosis. C) predation. D) competition. E) commensalism.
Answer:
C) predation
Explanation:
Such an insect would serve as a prey to a predator in a prey-predator relationship. Such relationship is a predation.
Predation is an act of feeding in a prey. The preys are weaker and smaller organisms which can easily be overpowered by the bigger predators.
When an insect evolves to resemble a plant twig, it is an evolutionary mimicry. Such organism that evolves must be prey. This presents the prey an evolutionary advantage for it to be evaded by the devouring predator. Mimicry is an evasive tactics.
In parasitism, one organism benefits while the other, the host, suffers from the relationship. Here, the parasite is lives inside the host. A mimicry won't apply here.
An insect resembling a plant twig has adapted for camouflage to avoid predation. This adaptation does not significantly impact parasitism, symbiosis, competition, or commensalism. In symbiosis, mutualism is a relationship where both species benefit. The correct option s C.
An insect that has evolved to resemble a plant twig will probably be able to avoid predation. The concept of resembling a plant twig falls under defensive mechanisms that organisms develop to avoid being caught and eaten by predators. This form of adaptation, where an organism mimics the appearance of another object or organism to avoid predators, is known as camouflage. It does not typically help avoid parasitism, symbiosis, competition, or commensalism directly.
A symbiotic relationship where both coexisting species benefit from the interaction is called mutualism. Other forms of symbiosis include commensalism, where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed, and parasitism, where one species benefits at the expense of the other. Symbiotic relationships can often lead to co-evolution of the involved species as they adapt to each other's presence.
Camouflage and mimicry are crucial evasion strategies for prey in the wild. By appearing as part of the natural background, predators are less likely to detect and target the camouflaged insect. This form of adaptation has significant implications for an insect's survival, decreasing its chances of becoming a predator's meal.
Four boys have the same biological mother and father. What percentage of each boy’s chromosomes come from the mother?
50% because they each get half from their mom and half from their dad
A glass dish containing a few drops of water in the presence of carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, and small organic compounds is heated by a flame and UV radiation. Which early Earth scenario does this set-up most closely resemble?
Deep sea volcanoes giving off gases, sulfur, and iron to produce organic molecules
Lightning in the early atmosphere, which may have produced the first organic molecules
The replication of RNA near the ocean's surface in the day and night cycling of temperatures
Amino acid formation from organic molecules in ocean water splashing on hot rock, sand, or clay
I think it is letter A
The answer would be letter A
Final answer:
The described experimental set-up is akin to the Miller-Urey experiment, which modeled the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic materials by lightning in Earth's early atmosphere.
Explanation:
The experimental set-up you've described with a glass dish containing water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and small organic compounds being heated by a flame and UV radiation closely resembles the hypothesis about lightning in Earth's early atmosphere which may have produced the first organic molecules. This is commonly known as the Miller-Urey experiment. It simulated early Earth conditions and demonstrated that amino acids and other organic molecules could be synthesized from inorganic precursors under those conditions, supporting the theory of abiogenesis or the origin of life from non-living matter.
Choose a trait that goes beyond Mendel’s one trait inheritance. Discuss the inheritance (ex. Incomplete dominance, multiple allele, polygenic, pleiotrophy, linkage, environmental influences), the different phenotypes or anything else that deviates from simple genetics. Mendel got lucky with the traits he chose in his pea plants. If he got more complicated traits and inheritance it would have made his findings almost impossible to come to. Talk about how these traits would have made it hard for scientists like Mendel to figure out inheritance the way he did
Mendel's work mainly studied traits with simple, single trait inheritance patterns. Discoveries post-Mendel's times revealed more complex inheritance patterns that would have made his determinations of inheritance as difficult. Traits showing discontinuous variation, that Mendel worked with, deviate from the prevalent theory of that time that considered traits blend in offspring.
Explanation:Gregor Mendel studied traits where the inheritance was straightforward in pea plants. These traits fell under a single characteristic with dominant and recessive alleles. However, several modes of inheritance that were discovered after Mendel's times deviated from this simple pattern of inheritance. These include incomplete dominance, codominance among others.
If Mendel has encountered traits with complex inheritance patterns, it would have made determining the inheritance as he did, difficult. The simple mono-hybrid crosses, which are matings between two purebred individuals that differ in one characteristic, would not have given predictable results as they did.
Further, Mendel's work went largely unnoticed because, at that time, the scientific community was incorrect in thinking that inheritance worked by blending the traits of parents, producing an intermediate phenotype in the offspring. This was so because many traits show continuous variation, a range of small differences among individuals, making the offspring seem like a 'blend' of their parents' traits. Mendel, however, worked with traits showing discontinuous variation, with the individuals showing either of the two easily distinguishable traits.
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Mendel studied traits in pea plants that were easy to categorize with simple dominant-recessive patterns, making it possible to establish the basic laws of inheritance. Traits involving incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, or genetic linkage show more complex inheritance patterns, which would have made Mendel's work much more difficult.
Gregor Mendel discovered Mendelian inheritance by studying traits in pea plants that were controlled by a single gene with two alleles; one dominant and one recessive. This simplistic scenario allowed for straightforward observations of phenotypic patterns across generations. However, there are complex modes of inheritance that go beyond this, such as incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, and genetic linkage. In incomplete dominance, a heterozygous individual exhibits a phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. For example, in the case of flower color, a red-flowered plant (RR) and a white-flowered plant (WW) might produce pink flowers (RW) in their offspring, unlike the clear dominant-recessive relationship observed by Mendel. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes contributing to a single trait, resulting in continuous variation of phenotypes, as seen in human traits like height or skin color. This complexity with multiple genes and alleles interacting would have made it challenging for Mendel to discern clear patterns of inheritance. Genetic linkage occurs when genes are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together. This violates Mendel's law of independent assortment and would have obscured the inheritance patterns Mendel observed in his pea plants. If Mendel had encountered these complex forms of inheritance, his task of elucidating the principles of inheritance could have been much more challenging, or perhaps even impossible, with the knowledge and tools available during his time.
Describe the structure of the nephron and explain the role of each part of a nephron in creating urine (5 points)
Answer:
Each kidney has approximately 1 million nephrons. Each nephron consists of 2 parts: 1. Glomerulus; 2. Renal tubules
Explanation:
The glomerulus is a capillary type branching network formed from the renal arterioles which originates from the renal artery and is involved in the filtration of blood.
Renal tubules has the following parts:
i) Bowman's capsule: It is a double layered cup like structure. Bowman's capsule along with glomerulus forms the malphigian corpuscle or renal body.
ii) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): It forms a highly coiled network.
iii) Henle's loop: It is hairpin shaped part of tubule which has a descending and an ascending limb.
iv) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): It is also a highly coiled tubular region.
In peas, the allele for green pods is dominant over the allele for yellow pods. Also, the allele for tall stem length is dominant over that for short stem length. These genes are unlinked. A pure breeding tall pea plant with green pods is crossed with a short pea plant with yellow pods. Write the genotypes of the pea plants and their gametes in the P, F1, and F2 generations. Draw the chromosomes. Use a Punnett square to figure out the phenotypic ratios (the proportion of pea plants with a given phenotype) in the F2 generation.
Answer:
Gametes of the parents are AB for one parent and ab for the other
Gametes of the F1: AB Ab aB ab
Phenotypic ratio in the F2 generatio is 9:3:3:1
Explanation:
If we name the gene for pods color with A and gene for length of the stem with B, then, a pure breeding tall pea plant with green pods which is crossed with a short pea plant with yellow pods is:
P: AABB x aabb
F1: AaBb
F2: picture
Gametes of the parents are AB for one parent and ab for the other
Gametes of the F1: AB Ab aB ab
Phenotypic ratio in the F2 generatio is 9:3:3:1
9-the same phenotype as parents (AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb genotypes)
3-tall plant with yellow pods (aaBB, aaBb genotypes)
3-short plant with green pods (AAbb, Aabb genotypes)
1-short plant with yellow pods (aabb genotype)
What is the function of the start codon of an mRNA sequence?
A. The start codon acts as a checkpoint in the eukaryotic cell cycle.
B. The start codon protects the mRNA from being degraded.
C. The start codon signals for the ribosome to begin assembling amino acids at that point in the mRNA sequence.
D. The start codon signals for the ribosome to release the mRNA sequence.
Option no. C is the correct answer.
The start codon signals for the ribosome to begin assembling amino acids at that point in the mRNA sequence.
Answer:
Option (C).
Explanation:
Codons represent triplets of nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that provide information for the process of protein synthesis. The first codon in mRNA transcript is known as start codon.
Start codon provides initiation signals for the ribosomes to start the process of translation, during which formation of polypeptide chain takes place.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
14) Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? A) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion. B) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst. C) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells. D) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse. E) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm. D;
Answer:
A) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion.
Answer:
D) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
Explanation:
In the situation described in the question above, if the red blood cells were transferred to seawater, the water would come out of the cells by osmosis, causing those cells to shrivel and collapse. This would occur because the concentration of NaCl in seawater is greater than the concentration of NaCl within the cell, so in an attempt to balance the cell would spill the water from within it to balance NaCl concentrations. As a result, the cell would wither and collapse.
Which of the following types of mutations is MOST likely to alter the encoded protein?A single nucleotide deletionA point mutation in the 2nd base of a codonA point mutation in the 1st base of a codonA point mutation in the 3rd base of a codon
Answer:
A point mutation in the 1st base of a codon
Explanation:
A point mutations are mutations of one base in the DNA sequence. The effects of point mutations might be harmful, beneficial or neutral.
Deletion mutations are frameshift mutation, because they change the reading frame and thus affect the sequence of amino acids produced. Usually, protein changes its structure and function and become useless.
Point mutations at 2nd base of codon are misssense mutations, meaning that the new amino acid is produced, but it can be amino acid with similar properties. That will not affect the function of the protein a lot.
3rd base of a codon are often silent mutations, which means that the sam amino acid is produced (multiple codons can code for the same amino acid).
Identify the four postulates of natural selection. Select all that apply.
Survival and reproductive success are variable among individuals in a population.
Individuals in a population all possess the same traits.
Some trait differences are heritable. Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
All individuals in a population have equal reproductive success.
Individuals in a population vary in the traits they possess.
the correct choices are A,C,D,F
hope this helps:)
The four postulates of natural selection are survival and reproductive success, heritable trait differences, individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, and individuals in a population vary in the traits they possess.
Explanation:The four postulates of natural selection are:
Survival and reproductive success are variable among individuals in a population. This means that some individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce than others.Some trait differences are heritable. This means that certain traits can be passed down from parents to offspring.Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. This is known as differential reproductive success.Individuals in a population vary in the traits they possess. This variation in traits is important for natural selection to occur.Learn more about Natural Selection here:https://brainly.com/question/32227158
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When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge. Such an event would be an example of:
a. microevolution.
b. founder effect.
c. equilibrium.
d. macroevolution.
Answer:
b. founder effect
Explanation:
When there is a situation when sufficient number of members of one species are reproductively isolated, and if there is an evolutionary pressure for them to start developing new advantageous traits, then a new species will gradually emerge. In this kind of scenario the genetic diversity will be minimized, as the number of individuals is much smaller, and that will result in only changes that will go in only one direction and they will also occur quicker than if there was a greater genetic diversity. This is called the founder effect, and it is easy to see why this term has been chosen, as the limited number of members of a species that have been reproductively isolated are giving the foundation for the development of a new, separate species.
Which of the following modifications is most likely to alter the rate at which a DNA fragment moves through a gel during electrophoresis? radioactively labeling the cytosine bases within the DNA fragment increasing the length of the DNA fragment leaving the length of the DNA fragment the same altering the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment without adding or removing nucleotides
Answer:
increasing the length of the DNA fragment
Explanation:
DNA gel electrophoresis is a method often used in molecular biology, for the separation and analysis of DNA fragments.
Just like the name says it is performed on the gel (e.g. agarose gel) and electric field is applied for the separation of negatively charged DNA fragments. Fragments are separated by size, length (short fragments travel faster towards the positive electrode). Results of the gel electrophoresis are visualized via a DNA-binding dye and UV light and compared with standard reference called DNA ladder.
So, changing the length of DNA fragment, affects its movement through the gel.
The rate at which a DNA fragment moves during electrophoresis is most significantly altered by changing the length of the DNA fragment. This is because larger fragments move slower through the gel as it is more challenging for them to maneuver through the matrix. Radioactive labeling or sequence alterations don't affect this rate.
Explanation:The modification most likely to alter the rate at which a DNA fragment moves through a gel during electrophoresis is increasing the length of the DNA fragment. Electrophoresis works by applying an electric field to a gel prompting the DNA fragments to migrate towards the positive end. The rate of this movement is primarily affected by the size (length) of the DNA fragment. Larger fragments move slower than smaller ones because it is harder for them to maneuver through the gel matrix. On the contrary radioactively labeling the cytosine bases or altering the nucleotide sequence without adding or removing nucleotides doesn't influence the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA fragment.
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Which of the following is an appropriate problem statement for a science experiment?
A. The effect of microplastic on the gut of small fish is unknown to humans.
B. What is microplastic?
C. What is the effect of microplastic on the digestion processes of small fish?
D. Microplastic causes problems for coral reefs and we want to know exactly what problems are caused.
Answer:
i think c
Explanation:
The correct answer is C
Prairie dogs once covered the expanses of the Great Plains. Their grazing made the grass more nutritious for the huge herds of bison, and a variety of snakes, raptors, and mammals preyed on the rodents. In fact, the black-footed ferret (now endangered) specialized in prairie dog predation. Today, growing neighborhoods have covered many prairie dog towns. Which of the following statements about prairie dogs is not true? A) Their realized niche has diminished. B) They are commensals with bison. C) They are reasonably considered a keystone species. D) Their fundamental niche remains unaltered. E) Their fundamental niche has diminished.
Answer:
E) Their fundamental niche has diminished
Explanation:
The prairie dogs are a species that is crucial for the whole ecosystem in which it lives in, making it a keystone species. The reason for this is that the prairie dogs manage to make the soil more fertile, thus providing better conditions of the growth of plants, benefiting the herbivores, it reproduces very quickly, and it is a prey animal for numerous predators, thus it is a species that provides food in both directions. Despite the loss of habitat because of the human activities, and the demise in their population, they have still managed to keep their importance in the ecosystem, thus they have kept their fundamental niche in it and they are essential for the well being of the ecosystem in which they live.
Final answer:
The incorrect statement is that prairie dogs' fundamental niche remains unaltered. Growing neighborhoods have reduced both their fundamental and realized niches. Prairie dogs are a keystone species due to their burrowing and role as prey.
Explanation:
The statement about prairie dogs that is not true is: D) Their fundamental niche remains unaltered. A fundamental niche refers to the range of environmental conditions in which a species can survive and reproduce without the influence of competitors or predators. Because growing neighborhoods have covered many prairie dog towns, their fundamental niche has indeed diminished, as they have less habitat available in which they could potentially thrive. On the other hand, their realized niche, which is the actual range of habitats occupied by a species, has also diminished.
Prairie dogs are reasonably considered a keystone species because their burrowing activities provide shelter and protection for many other species, and their role as prey supports a variety of predators including the black-footed ferret. Their extensive burrowing benefits the ecosystem by creating shelter, limiting plant growth, aiding soil aeration, and serving an alarm system for their communities. However, the prairie dogs' association with bison as commensals—organisms that benefit from another without affecting it—does not directly describe the prairie dogs' ecological role impacting the ecosystem's structure.
According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same A) habitat. B) niche. C) territory. D) range. E) biome.
Answer:
Niche
Explanation:
Niche basically is the lifelihood of a species that involves feeding on what, drinking from what....
If both species are competing for the same resources, they would compete until a certain species is eradicated. (think of it as 2 species of ants in 2 colonies that are close to each other, take the same leaves, prey and stuff. They would fight with each other in other until one colony is eradicated.) hence, unless a species and adapt and change its niche, both species would fight until one is eliminated. Thus, the principle states that 2 species cannot continue to occupy the same niche, not living environment.
According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same niche.
What is niche?The niche is determined by the biotic factors, which comprise of living features such as animals, plants and fungi, and abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are the non-living, environmental features such as sunlight and water availability and weather, as well as resources such as food and other nutrients.
The niche of an organism is the functional role that it plays within an ecosystem. The niche is determined by the biotic factors, which comprise of living features such as animals, plants and fungi, and abiotic factors.
The competitive exclusion principle says that two species can't coexist if they occupy the same niche. Two species whose niches overlap may evolve by natural selection to have more distinct niches, resulting in resource partitioning
The correct answer is option B.
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carbon dioxide from cells is delivered from the circulatory system back to the system so it can exit the body
carbon dioxide leaves the body through their respiratory system (lungs)
Carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration is transported in the blood back to the lungs in three ways: as dissolved carbon dioxide, as bicarbonate, or bound to hemoglobin. Upon reaching the lungs, bicarbonate is converted back into carbon dioxide and water to be exhaled from the body. The circulatory system plays a key role in picking up oxygen for cellular use and removing carbon dioxide.
Explanation:Carbon dioxide from the cells is delivered from the circulatory system back to the respiratory system so it can exit the body. This process is mediated by circulation and mainly involves the red blood cells and the lungs. Carbon dioxide is a by-product of cellular respiration and in large amounts, it changes back into a gas form in the lungs that is expelled from the body during exhalation.
Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood in three ways: as dissolved carbon dioxide, as bicarbonate, or bound to hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin. These mechanisms are influenced by levels of oxygen in the blood and the saturation of hemoglobin. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate, which is formed when carbon dioxide combines with water through the help of an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase. This process produces a substance called carbonic acid that spontaneously falls apart into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
As bicarbonate increases in erythrocytes (red blood cells), it's shifted into the plasma via a mechanism known as the chloride shift. Once the blood reaches the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs, bicarbonate is turned back into carbon dioxide and water which is then diffused out of the erythrocytes and exhaled from the lungs. As a result, circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.
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Let’s brush up on mapping. For questions 1-8, pure-breeding P0 animals were mated to generate F1 animals heterozygous at the B and W genes. The heterozygous F1 animals were test-crossed and yielded progeny with the phenotypes below. Mutations in the B gene (b) cause a “no bristles” phenotype. Mutations in the W gene (w) cause a “no wings” phenotype. Both genes are haplosufficient. 45% normal bristles, normal wings 45% no bristles, no wings 5% no bristles, normal wings 5% normal bristles, no wings The numbers above suggest that the B and W genes are linked. What ratio of progeny would you have expected to see if B and W were on different chromosomes?
Answer:
When DNA is duplicated during mitosis, _____.
one completely new DNA molecule is formed
two completely new DNA molecules are formed
two molecules are formed, each with one original side
the original molecule thickens and separates into two
Explanation:
Which of the following shows the correct pathway for sperm cells as they leave the testes? Which of the following shows the correct pathway for sperm cells as they leave the testes? ductus deferens, epididymis, seminiferous tubule, rete testis. seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens. rete testis, seminiferous tubule, epididymis, ductus deferens. ductus deferens, epididymis, rete testis, seminiferous tubule,
Final answer:
The correct sequence for sperm transport as they leave the testes is seminiferous tubules, rete testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens. Sperms are produced in the seminiferous tubules, mature in the epididymis, and are ejaculated via the ductus deferens.
Explanation:
The correct pathway for sperm cells as they leave the testes is: seminiferous tubules, rete testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens. Initially, sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules. From there, they move into the straight tubules and enter a network of tubules called the rete testis. After leaving the rete testis, sperm pass through efferent ductules into the epididymis where they mature.
The mature sperm are stored in the tail of the epididymis until ejaculation. During ejaculation, sperm are propelled from the epididymis into the ductus deferens, which carries sperm behind the bladder, and joins with the duct from the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Select one: a. SDS-PAGE eliminates effects of protein shape on the determination of protein mass. b. SDS-PAGE provides information to estimate the correct size of the protein in number of basepairs. c. SDS-PAGE provides information about the quaternary structure of a protein. d. SDS-PAGE provides data on the mass of a protein in its native (intact) state. e. SDS-PAGE provides information about the mass of a protein that is complimentary to that determined by gel
Answer:
False (SDS breaks noncovalent interactions)
Final answer:
The incorrect statement about SDS-PAGE is that it provides information to estimate the correct size of the protein in number of base pairs, as SDS-PAGE separates proteins based on mass, not nucleic acid length measured in base pairs.
Explanation:
Among the given options regarding SDS-PAGE, the incorrect statement is that SDS-PAGE provides information to estimate the correct size of the protein in number of basepairs. SDS-PAGE, or sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is a technique used to separate proteins based on their mass. The process involves denaturing the proteins using SDS, which unfolds them and masks their native charge, causing them to migrate through the gel solely based on their mass when an electric current is applied.
SDS-PAGE does not provide information about the quaternary structure of a protein since the process denatures proteins, separating subunits. It also does not estimate protein sizes in terms of base pairs, as base pairs are a measure of nucleic acid length, not protein mass. Moreover, SDS-PAGE cannot determine molecular weights accurately in the native state of a protein since it denatures proteins during the preparation process.
Scientists observed that over the past 40 years, marmots are located at increasing elevations on mountains. What is the best explanation for this observation? The marmots are adapting to the cold temperatures. Other species are competing with the marmots for their normal habitat. More snow and rain is falling at the top of the mountains. It is becoming colder at the top of the mountains. It is becoming warmer at the top of the mountains.
Yes I’m mommy but mom is my dad and dad is my brother
Which best describes indented writing in a forged document?
A.) pressing upon the paper to make writing on papers beneath
B.) changing characters with ink of a similar color
C.) covering the original test with a material
D.) eliminating the original text or signature with a razor blade
~I am thinking A but I am not sure if I am correct.
A.) pressing upon the paper to make writing on papers beneath.
Explanation:Indented writing, or second page composing, is the impression from the composition instrument caught on sheets of paper beneath the one that contains the first composition. This regularly shows itself when stack of paper are utilized or in some record-keeping circumstances.
It can be a wellspring of distinguishing proof in mysterious note cases and can be a priceless examination technique when restorative and different records are associated with containing modifications.