What can you conclude based on your observation of the pictured glucose (dextrose) fermentation test?

Final answer:

During photosynthesis, only 1-2% of the energy from sunlight is captured and converted into chemical energy by plants. The remaining 98-99% of the energy is not utilized by photosynthesis and is dissipated into the environment.

Explanation:

During photosynthesis, only 1-2% of the energy from sunlight is captured and converted into chemical energy by plants. The remaining 98-99% of the energy is not utilized by photosynthesis and is either reflected or absorbed by the surroundings. This excess energy can be in the form of heat and is dissipated into the environment. It does not contribute directly to the process of photosynthesis.

Keywords: photosynthesis, energy from sunlight, captured, converted, chemical energy

The DNA of a certain organism with guanine residues as 30% of its bases will have adenine as 20% of the residues in the DNA opposite to 20% of the thymine residues and binds with thymine via two hydrogen bonds.

Nitrogenous bases are the constituents of the nucleotides, which are the monomeric units of DNA and RNA. Nitrogenous bases are also known as the Nucleobases. These are nitrogen-containing biomolecules which forms the nucleoside, which in turn are the components of nucleotides which constitutes the basic building blocks of nucleic acids present in the nucleus of cell.

Nitrogenous bases are of two types: Purines and Pyrimidines. Purines include Adenine and Guanine bases whereas pyrimidines include cytosine, thymine, and uracil residues.

Guanine base pairs with cytosine and thymine base pairs with adenine residues in the DNA and in RNA, uracil is present in place of thymine in cell.

The total genetic material of the cell is taken to be 100%. Then, if the amount of guanine is 30%, then the remaining residues will constitute 70% of the genetic material. A guanine always base pairs with cytosine and adenine with thymine.

So,

% of adenine = % of thymine

% of guanine = % of cytosine

As, the percentage of guanine is 30% then the % of cytosine will also be 30%. And together, they make 60% of the genetic material.

Therefore, the proportion of adenine and thymine will be:

= (100- 60)%

= 40% of the total genetic material

As we know that, % of adenine = % of thymine

Therefore, the percentage of adenine will be,

%A (adenine) = %T (Thymine)

40% = % A + %T

40% = 2 × (%A)

40%/2 = (%A)

20% = (%A)

Therefore, % of adenine and % of thymine = 20%

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Answer:

B. 32ppm

Explanation:

The right answer is Become cancer cells.

To multiply constantly, cancer cells bypass many regulations of cell proliferation, which leads them to proliferate uncontrollably. These cells have several solutions to prevent senescence.

In a healthy situation, a cell needs growth factors to proliferate. In a cancerous situation, the cancer cell can mutate an oncogene so that it permanently generates proliferation signals, regardless of the presence of growth factors.

For a cell to proliferate, the critical point it must pass through the cell cycle is the restriction point maintained by the Rb protein. Proliferation signals must be sustained to inactivate this control point as the rest of the cell cycle progresses without external stimulation. To proliferate excessively, the cancer cells thus overactivate the cell proliferation signals to pass the restriction point as quickly as possible. They use several strategies to over-activate these signals.

It implies that There are 46 chromosomes (dsDNA (double-stranded) molecules) are present in each somatic cell.

Homo sapiens has 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs: 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of gonosomes or sex chromosomes, called X and Y. Male individuals have X and Y (XY) chromosomes. Female individuals have 2 X (XX) chromosomes.  

Aneuploidy is an abnormal change in the number of chromosomes in a cell or organism (for example 45 or 47 chromosomes).  

In addition to the chromosomes in the nucleus, human cells have DNA in the mitochondria (circular DNA).

The trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory are two main theories of color vision in humans. The trichromatic theory explains color vision as a combination of three types of cone responses, while the opponent-process theory explains color vision in terms of opposing pairs. Color deficiencies such as red-green blindness can be explained by anomalies in cone functioning as per the trichromatic theory.

There are two main theories of color vision in humans, namely the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, also referred to as Young-Helmholtz theory, proposes that humans have three types of cones that are each receptive to one of the colors red, green, and blue, and all colors we perceive are created by light stimulating a combination of these cones.

On the other hand, the opponent-process theory suggests that we perceive colors in terms of opposing pairs: black-white, red-green, and yellow-blue. The theory suggests that some cells of the visual system are excited by one of the opponent colors and inhibited by the other.

Color deficiency, such as the commonly seen red-green color blindness, can be explained by the trichromatic theory. People with this form of color blindness have trouble distinguishing red and green objects, as their red or green cones may not work properly or could be missing altogether.

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The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and cells only arise from pre-existing cells. All cells have a cell membrane, genetic material, and cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. The development of the cell theory demonstrates how science works and serves as an example of a scientific theory.

Answer:

    Due to the shape of the airway, babies breathe almost completely through their noses and at a much faster rate than adults. If mom and dad breathe between 16 and 20 times per minute, the newborn breathes three times faster, reaching values between 40 and 60 times per minute.

Plant and animal cells make exact copies through the process of - MITOSIS        

Mitosis is a process or a type of cell division where a cell is duplicated into two cells called the daughter cells. Both these daughter cells have the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.                      

Alcohol may positively affect the cardiovascular system of people over 50 years old by reducing the risk of clot formation.

Just like with the other body systems, excessive alcohol can have lethal effects on the cardiovascular system. Chronic alcohol use can upsurge the workload of the heart which can then lead to arrhythmia's or what is called an irregular heart beat, inflammation of the heart muscle or myocarditis, weakening of the heart muscle or cardiomyopathy, increased cholesterol, and even hypertension. Other problems are prominent with blood clotting and an increased workload of the heart that is linked to cirrhosis of the liver.

Answer:

C. PCR

Explanation:

Humans share approximately 98% of their DNA with chimpanzees, about 85% with mice, and roughly 49-44% with fruit flies. The percentage of DNA we share with weeds is not specified, but it would be less than with fruit flies. This DNA similarity indicates our evolutionary relationships with these species.

Humans share a surprising percentage of their DNA with various other organisms. For instance, we share a significant portion of our DNA with organisms like weeds, fruit flies, mice, and chimpanzees. The percentage of DNA similarity indicates how closely related we are to these species and can give us insight into our shared evolutionary history.

These comparisons not only demonstrate the vast amount of genetic material we share with other living beings but also highlight the intricate web of life that connects us all.

Environmental science in sanitary landfills, liquid produced by the interaction of rainwater with solid waste is called Leachate. According to business dictionary, leachate is defined as “Water escaping from a landfill site which, if not collected, will contaminate the natural water sources”.

The correct answer is option A, They produce identical daughter cells

Reason -

The daughter cells produced in both mitosis and binary fission are genetically and physically identical to their parents. Mitosis occurs in eukaryotes while binary fission occurs in prokaryotes.

Also since the prokaryotes do not have true nucleus thus , no nucleus division actually takes place in them, however eukaryotes undergo nuclear division. Binary fission is an asexual mode of reproduction while mitosis can be asexual in simpler organism but in others it is a sexual mode of reproduction as it involves formation of gametes

Mitosis and binary fusion are similar in that both processes produce identical daughter cells

Mitosis Division  

Keywords: Binary division, mitosis, cell division, reproduction

Level: High school

Subject: Biology

Topic: Cell division  and reproduction

As it well known fact that 70-80% of the plants and land animals live in forest, continuous deforestation may lead to threatening of various species. Large number of trees in forest help by blocking the sun ray's during the day and by retaining the heat during night. Deforestation would lead to disruption of such phenomenon further leading to extreme temperatures harming the plants and animals.

Final answer:

The adductor tubercle is the femoral structure found at the distal end of the medial supracondylar ridge, serving as an attachment point for the adductor magnus muscle.

Explanation:

Femoral Structure at the Distal End of Medial Supracondylar Ridge

The femoral structure located at the distal end of the medial supracondylar ridge of the femur is known as the adductor tubercle. This small protrusion is found on the medial condyle and serves as the point of attachment for the adductor magnus muscle. The medial epicondyle of the femur is a roughened area on the distal femur located on the medial side of the medial condyle, just above the adductor tubercle. The medial supracondylar ridge is a bony ridge that extends from the adductor tubercle down the shaft of the femur. The structures of the distal end of the femur, including the medial and lateral condyles, the epicondyles, and the patellar surface, articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint and provide attachment points for muscles and supporting ligaments.

Answer: Semi circular canals.

Explanation: These are three fluid filled canals located in the inner ear that is helps us to maintain the balance.

When the head is moved around, the fluid moves the hair inside and these tiny hair sens the message to the nerve cell ( brain).

But when you move around the liquid keeps on sending the message to the brain that you are moving a bit longer and the body loses its balance.

The pH of plasma is primarily influenced by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). Buffer systems in the blood, alongside the kidneys and respiratory system, help maintain acid-base balance. Proper pH regulation is essential for normal body function.

The most important factor affecting the pH of plasma is the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). Plasma pH is tightly regulated because even slight changes can affect body functions, such as protein conformation and enzyme activity.

The primary buffering systems in blood plasma include bicarbonate ions, plasma proteins, and carbonic acid. The kidneys and the respiratory system also play crucial roles in maintaining acid-base homeostasis by excreting hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide, respectively.

Therefore the pH of plasma is primarily influenced by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).