Answer: The parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system play opposite roles
Explanation:
To ensure a stable internal environment (homeostasis) is achieved, the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) play OPPOSITE roles.
The PNS dominate during relaxed periods and stimulates the
- liver to break down glycogen
- constriction of bladder to pass out urine
- increases heartbeat
- dilate pupils etc
The SNS, in contrast dominate in times of emergency or stressful periods and do the EXACT opposite of the processes mentioned above.
Thus homeostasis is maintained
Select all amino acids that match the description. The R groups of this class of amino acids are non-polar and hydrophobic, and their side chains tend to cluster together within proteins, stabilizing protein structure by means of hydrophobic interactions:________.
A) Leucine.B) Isoleucine.C) Alanine.
Answer:
A) Leucine.
B) Isoleucine.
C) Alanine.
Explanation:
Alanine has a "CH3" group as its R group which in turn is a non-polar functional group making it a non-polar amino acid. Similarly, leucine has a branched hydrocarbon as its side chain. So, leucine is also a non-polar amino acid. A branched hydrocarbon chain with four carbon atoms makes the R group of isoleucine.
This makes all of these three amino acids non-polar. The non-polar amino acids are present away from the surrounding water and mostly make the cores of the proteins where their non-polar side chains cluster together. These amino acids form several hydrophobic interactions to make the proteins stable.
The amino acids matching the described non-polar, hydrophobic criteria, which contribute to protein stabilization through hydrophobic interactions, are Leucine, Isoleucine, and Alanine.
Explanation:The description given pertains to non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids. The R side chains of such amino acids are non-polar which increases their hydrophobicity, causing them to cluster within proteins and stabilize protein structure via hydrophobic interactions. The amino acids that match this description are Leucine, Isoleucine, and Alanine.
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Margaret, an elderly woman, needs to limit her kilocalorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Keeping MyPlate in mind, which of the following could she do
A. Eliminate carbohydrate.
B. Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kilocalories.
C. Count kilocalories and not worry about the food groups.
D. Eliminate dairy foods.
Answer:
Answer is B. Carefully select the food s rich in nutrients but low in calories.
Explanation:
Myplate is a kind of chart showing the amount of food to put in plate in order to stay healthy.
In Margaret situation, the best thing for her is to start selecting food items that are low in calories, and at the same time rich in nutrients. Because if she does not put the nutrients level in consideration, her health will be severely affected.
Some of the examples of foods that are low in calories and rich in nutrients are fish, egg, oats,cabbage, popcorns, brocolli and fruits like apple and berries.
To limit kilocalorie intake without sacrificing nutrients, Margaret should carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kilocalories.(option b)
Explanation:Margaret, an elderly woman, can limit her kilocalorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients by carefully selecting foods rich in nutrients but low in kilocalories(option b). This means choosing foods that are low in calories but still provide essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. For example, she can opt for vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products.
Eliminating carbohydrates or dairy foods completely is not recommended as they are important sources of energy, fiber, and essential nutrients. Counting kilocalories without considering the food groups may lead to nutrient deficiencies.
By following this approach, Margaret can achieve a balanced diet and maintain her health while managing her kilocalorie intake.
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In Cameroon, seedcrackers have either small bills (adapted for feeding on soft sedge seeds) or large bills (adapted for feeding on hard sedge seeds). During competition for scarce resources, these birds primarily feed on the seeds for which they are best adapted. This is an example of ____ selection. a. stabilizingb. disruptivec. frequentd. directionale. mutationa
Answer:
b. disruptive
Explanation:
During extreme changes in the environmental conditions, natural selection favors the two or more extreme phenotypes due to their adaptive nature. During this, the organisms with intermediate phenotype are not favored. This type of natural selection is called disruptive selection. In the given example, Cameroons having large and small bills are favored which in turn are the two extreme phenotypes. Therefore, it represents an example of disruptive selection.
Minor mutations and/or gene transfers may lead to the development of a new and is a term that describes very closely related organisms that are slight genetic variants of one another.
a) genus
b) species
c) strain
d) strand
Answer:
a
Explanation:
You are part of a team of doctors doing a Phase 2 study of teixobactin on humans. Assuming protocol had not changed since the mice study, how are you administering the drug?
a) through a nasal spray
b) rectally
c) orally
d) by injection
Answer: Teixobactin is a drug for the treatment of Tuberculosis, currently under preclinical studies
Explanation:
Teixobactin:- It is a secondary metabolite obtained from some species of bacteria, used as an anti- infective agent, especially for the treatment of Tuberculosis. Currently this drug is under preclinical study. This belongs to a new class of antibiotics
Mechanism of Action:- This drug act as a cell wall inhibitor
This drug is usually given by injection, according to the reports of development of identified for preclinical development in tuberculosis in USA
Please help, thank you!
Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?
A. A stream rounds and smoothes rocks into pebbles.
B. Freezing and thawing rainwater widens a crack in a sidewalk.
C. A growing tree root splits a boulder in two.
D. Acid rain discolors and disfigures a limestone statue.
Final answer:
The example of chemical weathering is acid rain discoloring and disfiguring a limestone statue, as it involves the alteration of the rock's mineral composition. Chemical weathering is also described as decomposition. Creep is indicated by features such as curved tree trunks and curved roots.
Explanation:
The example of chemical weathering among the provided options is:
D. Acid rain discolors and disfigures a limestone statue.
Chemical weathering involves the chemical changes in mineral composition of rocks. Acid rain, containing chemicals like sulfuric acid, reacts with the limestone (calcium carbonate) and leads to a chemical reaction that causes discoloration and disfigurement as the limestone dissolves.
Another term that describes chemical weathering is:
B. decomposition.
Chemical weathering chemically alters and decomposes rock-forming minerals.
Typical features of creep include:
D. Curved tree trunks, fractured retaining walls, curved roots.
Creep is a very slow and continuous downward movement of soil or rock. Over time, this movement can cause bending of tree trunks, buckling of roads, walls, and other features.
Which of these is a way to increase the availability of freshwater
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
Options -
A-avoid water pollution.
B-build thermal power plants.
C-add water features to gardens.
D-avoid drip irrigation systems
Solution -
The largest source of freshwater on planet earth is underground water. The water beneath the surface of earth is very limited. The total fresh water reserve on earth is 3% of the total water on earth. Pollution due to discharge of waste water into the rivers and oceans has caused the degradation of not only surface water but also ground water.
Thus, option A is correct
Drip irrigation is a means to prevent wastage of water during irrigation. Thus, avoiding it will cause further loss of fresh water.
Addition of water feature will increase usage of water, thus it is also incorrect
Building thermal plant will also cause water pollution and wastage. Hence, option B is also incorrect
Answer:
Avoid water pollution.
Explanation:
Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.
a) control center; effector; receptor.
b) receiver; communication; effector.
c) receptor; control center; effector.
d) effector; receiver; control center.
Answer:
c) receptor; control center; effector.
Explanation:
Homeostasis maintains the internal body conditions almost constant. It includes specific cells that sense any deviations of internal or external conditions from the normal range. These cells are called receptors. The sensory information from the receptors is delivered to the control center. The central nervous system mainly serves as a control system wherein sensory information from the receptors is processed. The control center commands muscles and/or glands to perform desired responses to restore the homeostasis. Here, muscles and glands serve as effectors.
For example, thermoreceptors sense the rise of body temperature and the brain (control center) commands sweat glands (effectors) to produce sweat.
Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes except
Answer:
Smog production
Explanation:
Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes:
Decomposition: Microorganisms play a vital role in the breakdown of organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler compounds. They aid in the recycling of nutrients and the release of carbon dioxide back into the environment.
Fermentation: Certain microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria, are involved in the process of fermentation. This metabolic process converts sugars into alcohol, acids, or gases, and is used in various food production processes, such as bread making and brewing.
Nitrogen fixation: Certain bacteria and cyanobacteria have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by plants. This process, known as nitrogen fixation, is crucial for the nitrogen cycle and the availability of essential nutrients for plant growth.
Photosynthesis: Microscopic algae and cyanobacteria are capable of photosynthesis, where they convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and organic compounds. Photosynthesis is a fundamental process in the production of oxygen and the cycling of carbon in ecosystems.
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The short, branched nerve fibers on the nerve cell that are the receptive areas of the neuron are known as the ____.
Answer: The short, branched nerve fibers on the nerve cell that are the receptive areas of the neuron are known as the DENDRITES.
Explanation: Dendrites are cell processes which may be branched. They form receptive area for receptive contact from other neurons. They have tiny rough projections that may be the point of synaptic contact.
Dendrites from larger neurons may lightly myelated by oligodendrocytes. Neurons may have more than one dendrites.
Final answer:
The short, branched nerve fibers on the nerve cell that are the receptive areas of the neuron are known as the dendrites.
Explanation:
The short, branched nerve fibers on the nerve cell that are the receptive areas of the neuron are known as the dendrites. Dendrites are essential for receiving electrochemical impulses from other neurons, which they then transmit to the neuron's cell body, or soma. They extend in a tree-like fashion from the cell body and can have small protrusions known as spines, which further increase their surface area and are the sites of some synaptic contacts. This increased surface area is crucial for enhancing the neuron's ability to receive information.
The process by which family identity, traditions, and commitment emerge through interaction within a particular family, is an important part of which perspective?
Answer:
The correct answer is - interaction-constructionist .
Explanation:
interaction-constructionist is the perspective that involves the the process that helps in the emerging of the family traditions, identity and commitment with the interaction within a specific family.
Example of the this perspective is the religions's proscription against birth control while using it.
Thus, the correct answer is - interaction-constructionist .
Which human activities would most likely increase turbidity? Check all that apply.
Final answer:
Activities that increase erosion, eutrophication, and wastewater discharge are likely to raise the turbidity of water, with agricultural runoff being a significant contributor.
Explanation:
Human activities that most likely increase turbidity in water systems include those that lead to erosion, such as deforestation and poor land management practices. Additionally, activities that contribute to eutrophication, such as the excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture, can also result in increased turbidity due to the growth of algae and other microorganisms. Discharging untreated or partially treated wastewater into water bodies significantly contributes to higher turbidity levels, along with runoff carrying nutrients that promote algal blooms, which can create dead zones.
Which characteristic of endospores led to confusion when Tyndall tried to replicate Pasteur's experiments regarding spontaneous generation?
Answer:HEAT RESISTANCE
Explanation: Endospores are external coverings produced by some Microorganisms to help them adapt to very harsh weather conditions,it also helps them to avoid predators. Endospores are produced by SPORE FORMING BACTERIA such as CLOSTRIDIUM SPECIES AND SOME BACCILLUS SPECIES. Endospores also make the Bacteria Heat resistant,meaning you will need to heat up to the BOILING POINT for it to be destroyed. The heat resistance was the cause of confusion for Tyndall.
While observing primates at the zoo, you notice that the particular monkey you are watching uses its hands, feet, and tail to move throughout the trees in its enclosure. This is most likely:________
Answer:
Primates may be defined as the mammals including in the order primates.Primates are divided into two suborders known as strepsirrhines and haplorhines.
The members of the primates group includes monkey, apes and lemurs. The monkey noticed in the Zoo is most probably be the New World monkey. These monkeys use their hand and feet for grasping. These monkeys have a long grasping tail.
Which of these pieces of laboratory equipment should be used to measure liquid from the bottom of the meniscus that forms in the glassware?
Answer: Graduated cylinders, volumetric cylinders or measuring cylinders.
Explanation: these are usually used in measuring the volume of liquids. The process involved in their measurement to ensure accuracy is to observe at eye level from a level surface and then take reading from the bottom meniscus (the curved surface of liquids — a property of liquids in enclosed spaces). the volume on graduated cylinders is shown on measuring devices such as the above mentioned for purpose of accuracy, with three significant digits. For example, 500mL cylinders will have 1ml grading divisions.
A 1-day-old infant with an imperforate anus undergoes a pull-through procedure with an anoplasty. What should postoperative nursing care include?
Answer:
The correct answer is - Encouraging continuation of breastfeeding .
Explanation:
Anoplasty is the reconstruction of the anus which is a surgical procedure to correct ana(l) stenosis or imperforate anus. It involves the enlarging or stretching the opening of the stool is eliminated.
The goal is to prevent constipation to lessen or limiting the trauma to the surgical site. Breast milk produces a softer stool, feeding by the oral means usually started after surgery.
Thus, the correct answer is - Encouraging continuation of breastfeeding .
How did the production of tobacco and sugar in Britain's colonies affect the prices of these products in Europe and the Americas in the eighteenth century?
The production of tobacco and sugar in Britain's colonies increased their supply. This increase in their supply reduced their prices.
Explanation:
This is simply an application of the law of demand and supply.
The law of demand states that the quantity of demanded good reduces as the prices increases. The law of supply states that the quantity of goods supplied increases as the prices increases and vice-versa.
In general, low supply and high demand increase price while high supply and low demand reduces prices.
When Britain's colonies began to produce tobacco and sugar, this drastically reduced their demand in Europe and the Americas and this affected the prices and reduced it.
Dr. X is studying how anger is related to happiness. His operational definition for anger is how often a person's eyebrows draw or come closer together within a 24-hour period. Is this an operational definition?
Answer:
No. It is not an operational definition.
Explanation:
As the definition for anger mentioned above about the eyebrows is not an operational definition as the eyebrows can come closer or move away in other emotions as well.
Operational definition : Anger is an emotion which is associated with the hostility and aggression where a person shows their displeasure or rage.
Since anger is an intense emotional state it may cause harm to the other people, when one acts aggressively because of frustration.
A man cursing and screaming at his brother is an example of someone displaying anger.
The operational definition by Dr. X is an: Operational definition.
What is an Operational Definition?An operational definition is a standardized description, measurement, or value given to something that can be replicated.
The definition given by Dr. X is an operational definition because it is a detailed and concise explanation of what is meant by anger. Individuals can replicate this definition in their own experiments.
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Stimulation of appetite occurs mostly from ________________ cues.
Group of answer choices
A. internal
B. physiologic
C. external
D. environmental
Answer:
I would say it is A. Internal cues
Explanation:
Final answer:
Appetite stimulation is predominantly triggered by external cues, which can include visual and olfactory stimuli such as the sight and smell of food.
Explanation:
Stimulation of appetite occurs mostly from external cues such as the sight and smell of food. These cues can ignite feelings of hunger even when physiological needs may not be the primary driver. For instance, seeing an advertisement for food or smelling a meal being cooked can trigger a desire to eat whether or not one is actually in a state of energy deficit. While hunger can be a result of internal cues like low glucose levels aiming to restore homeostasis or a need for a specific nutrient, it's often external factors like the environment, time of day, and presence of food stimuli that play a significant role in stimulating appetite.
Morris and Ted are brothers who work in similar fields. Morris works at an accounting firm and Ted is a financial analyst. Their sister, Rosa, works for the SEC. What do they have in common?
Answer:
Morris, Ted, and Rosa are all part of user groups that influences the formation of accounting standards.
Explanation:
NOTE that SEC means Securities and Exchange Commission (Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a U.S. government agency that oversees securities transactions, activities of financial professionals and mutual fund trading to prevent fraud and intentional deception).
Morris, Ted, and Rosa are all part of user groups that influences the formation of accounting standards.The three of them are members of user groups that influence the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). PCAOB is a non-profit organization that regulates auditors of publicly traded companies. They basically minimize audit risks. This is related to the three's fields.Morris and Ted are members of user groups that influence the formation of accounting standards, while Rosa is part of a user group that influences internal controls.Ted is part of a user group that influences internal controls, while Morris and Rosa are members of user groups that influence the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is an independent nonprofit organization that is responsible for establishing accounting and financial reporting standards for companies and nonprofit organizations in the United States.Blood flows through a vessel at a particular flow rate and velocity. What happens to the velocity of the blood flow through that vessel after it constricts, narrowing its diameter? You may assume that the flow rate is unchanged.
Note: Question is incomplete i have added full question in ask for detail section.
Answer:
Option a) Velocity increases.
Explanation:
When liquid flow from wider vessel to narrow it follow bernoulli's law. It means the velocity will increase. I have attached picture for better understanding.
Which structure receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex?
Answer:
16
Explanation:
Bonnie is preparing dinner and begins to wonder why cutting onions always makes her cry. Using the scientific method, she decides to explore and hopefully answer this question. Which of the following statements represents a reasonable testable prediction for Bonnie's experiment?
a. People often cry when they cut onions, despite gender, age, or race.
b. People cry when they cut onions because onions release a chemical that is harmful to their eyes.
c. If you cut an onion near a person, then his/her eyes will always begin to produce tears.
d. The chemical that is released when one cuts onions has no effect in producing tears.
e. Slicing an onion releases enzymes, which react to create an airborne chemical that irritates the eyes and causes people to cry.
Answer: c. If you cut an onion near a person, then his/her eyes will always begin to produce tears
Explanation:
Final answer:
The correct testable prediction for why cutting onions makes people cry is that slicing an onion releases enzymes which react to produce an airborne chemical that irritates the eyes.
Explanation:
Bonnie is curious about why cutting onions causes people to cry and decides to use the scientific method to explore this phenomenon. The statement that represents a reasonable, testable prediction for Bonnie's experiment is "Slicing an onion releases enzymes, which react to create an airborne chemical that irritates the eyes and causes people to cry." This prediction is based on an understanding of chemical reactions that occur when the cells of an onion are broken, leading to the production of a particular chemical (syn-propanethial-S-oxide) that irritates the eyes.
Upon damaging the onion's cells by cutting, enzymes that were separated within the onion cells mix and produce sulfenic acids. These then rearrange into a volatile gas that reacts with the moisture in your eyes, forming sulfuric acid, which stimulates the eyes to produce tears to wash the irritant away. Thus, the testable prediction can be scientifically investigated by observing the chemical process and its effect on the eyes.
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic glycolysis, and hydrolysis of phosphocreatine can all be used by vertebrate muscle cells to generate ATP during active periods. In what order are these mechanisms employed?
anaerobic glycolysis, hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, aerobic respiration
anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic respiration, hydrolysis of phosphocreatine
aerobic respiration, anaerobic glycolysis, hydrolysis of phosphocreatine
hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic respiration
hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, aerobic respiration, anaerobic glycolysis
hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic respiration
Hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic respiration
Explanation:
Under active condition the readily available source of ATP is needed by the muscle to fulfill the energy requirements.
Phosphocreatinine is a molecule that stores energy and recharges ADP to ATP during muscle contraction. So, hydrolysis of phosphocreatinine is the first mechanism that is employed.
Since anaerobic glycolysis does not require oxygen.The muscle cells find it convinient mechanism to generate ATP by using up the glucose. Thus , this is the second mechanism which is employed.
Glycolysis is the last mechanism employed to generate ATP because this process needs a complete supply of oxygen. Which depends on the availability and diffusion rate of oxygen into the tissues.
The order in which vertebrate muscle cells employ mechanisms to generate ATP during active periods is hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic respiration.
Explanation:The correct order of the mechanisms employed by vertebrate muscle cells to generate ATP during active periods is hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic respiration.
During short bursts of intense activity, muscle cells rely on hydrolysis of phosphocreatine to rapidly produce ATP. This provides a quick source of energy, but is limited in duration. If activity continues, muscle cells then switch to anaerobic glycolysis, which breaks down glucose to produce ATP without requiring oxygen. Finally, during longer duration activities, muscle cells use aerobic respiration as the main mechanism to generate ATP, which involves the breakdown of glucose and other fuel sources using oxygen.
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40 POINTS!!! Please solve question on page 2 & 4.
Thank you!!
Answer:
(1)
Variables:
Test Variable:
The test variable is temperature/ heat.
Outcome variable:
The response/outcome variable is mass.
Controls:
Negative Control:
A solid stick of butter at room temperature.
Positive Control:
A stick of butter whose mass before and after heating is known.
(2)
Upon measurement, the mass of the butter was not found to be changing drastically. Butter does not lose or gain mass when heated to meting stage. A negligible decrease in mass take place when the moisture in the solid butter evaporates. Other than that, both solid and molten butter have similar masses.
The hypothesis,"If butter is heated, there was no mass created when it melted" was proven to be correct.
Explanation:
In an experiment, variables are quantities whose cause-effect relationships require study. Variables do not have a fixed value. In experimental design, there are two kinds of variables:Independent variable or test variableDependent variable or response variableIndependent Variable:
Independent or test variable is the variable that changes during the experiment and the effect of which is determined. For example, in the current experiment, we are investigating the effect of heat or state change on the mass of butter. Therefore, heat.state change will be the test variable.Dependent/ Response Variable:
This is the variable that changes in response to changes in the independent variable. In the current experiment, mass is the response variable because it is being affected by heating.Controls:
In an experimental design, controls determine the reliability and fidelity of an experiment. These are samples/individuals that are either not subjected to the independent variable or have previously been tested to give positive results. Basically, the controls are standards to which data can be compared.Positive Control:
A positive control is a sample that has been tested to give positive results for the particular experiment in response to the independent variable. For example, in this experiment, the known masses (before and after melting) are positive controls. They are known values to which we can compare our results.Negative Control:
A negative control is a group of samples that does not receive the treatment. Negative controls provide confirmation that the change in the response variable is only due to the test variable, not because of other factors.
Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant genetic trait that causes severe malformation of the skeleton. Homozygotes for this condition are spontaneously aborted (hence, the homozygous condition is lethal) but heterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed. Matthew has a family history of the condition, although he does not express the trait. Jane is an achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism. The genotypes of Matthew and Jane are best represented as:________.
A. Matthew Jane AA Aa.
B. Matthew Jane Aa aa.
C. Matthew Jane aa aa.
D. Matthew Jane aa Aa.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Matthew is not expressing the trait because he must be carrying the recessive gene of Achondroplastic dwarfism compared to Jane who is a dwarf with the genotype Aa
Since Matthew and Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism. The genotypes of Matthew and Jane are best represented as option: D. Matthew Jane aa Aa.
What is the genotypesIn this scenario, Matthew does not express the trait of achondroplastic dwarfism, indicating that he does not have the dominant allele for the condition. so , his genotype is represented as aa, with both alleles being the non-mutated version.
Jane, on the other hand, is an achondroplastic dwarf, meaning she has the condition. Since achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant trait, she must have at least one copy of the dominant allele. However, the fact that homozygotes (having two copies of the dominant allele) for this condition are spontaneously aborted suggests that the homozygous condition is lethal. so, Jane's genotype can be represented as Aa, with one mutated allele and one non-mutated allele.
Hence option d is correct.
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Why did medicine have a domestic— rather than professional—character in the preindustrial era? How did urbanization change that? quizle
Explanation:
1) Medical Practice was in confusion- Everyone could exercise lacking constraint or drill
2) Medical measures were original- no practical knowledge
3) Mislaid institutional principal- no extensive growth of hospitals
4) Request was unbalanced- least claim due to self-sufficiency (family folk-remedies), economic circumstances (opportunity cost of transportation), and purchase costs (fee for service)
5) Medical education was substandard-apprenticeship, unhindered access, and lacking in science based exercise
Urbanization increased dependence on particular skills of remunerated professionals because..
a. Separated people from families and neighborhoods’- no more home-based medicines
b. Women started working outdoor- no longer thoughtful for the sick
c. Physicians became less expensive and more reachable- telephones, cars, roads reduced opp. cost of time and travel- more reasonable
d. Better topographical closeness of patients and physicians
Ilana is having a baby and it is only three and a half weeks since conception. At this stage, which central nervous system structure(s) will have begun to form?
Answer: Neural tube
Explanation: Central nervous system originates from ectoderm, neuroectoderm gives rise to neural tube, the primordia of brain and spinal cord. Neural tube is the embryonic structure, neural plate folds into neural tube is formed at the dorsal side of embryo.
How does removing trees affect nitrogen cycling in a forest ecosystem? A. After clearcutting, more soil nitrogen was exported via runoff, ultimately accumulating in the lake. B. After clearcutting, plant uptake stopped and nitrogen accumulated in the soil. C. After clearcutting, plant uptake stopped but denitrification increased, limiting the flow of nitrogen from the soil to the lake. D. Clearcutting does not appear to affect nitrogen cycling; only acid rain does.
The removal of trees disrupts nitrogen cycling by stopping the uptake of nitrogen by plants leading to its accumulation in the soil. The excess nitrogen can then be exported via runoff into nearby bodies of water or be converted back into nitrogen gas through enhanced denitrification.
Explanation:The removal of trees, often referred to as clearcutting, can significantly impact the nitrogen cycling in a forest ecosystem. Trees play a central role in this cycle by taking up nitrogen from the soil and using it for their growth. Therefore, when trees are removed, this essential uptake of nitrogen by plants is halted. This stoppage causes an accumulation of nitrogen in the soil.
However, it's not just a case of nitrogen piling up in the soil. This excess of nitrogen can also end up being exported via runoff, leading to a build-up of nitrogen in nearby bodies of water like lakes. Additionally, the absence of trees can also increase denitrification rates, a process through which soil bacteria convert nitrogen in the soil back into nitrogen gas, thereby limiting the flow of nitrogen from the soil to the lake.
Thus, it's clear that clearcutting does have impacts on nitrogen cycling, contrary to the notion that only factors like acid rain affect this process.
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Clearcutting or removing trees from a forest can stop plant uptake of nitrogen, possibly leading to soil accumulation (option B) or increased denitrification, which releases nitrogen gases back into the atmosphere and reduces nitrogen flow into lakes (option C).
Removing trees can significantly alter the nitrogen cycling within a forest ecosystem. When trees are clearcut, the uptake of nitrogen by plants ceases, which can lead to an accumulation of nitrogen in the soil (option B). However, the absence of plant uptake can also result in increased denitrification, where bacteria convert nitrate into nitrogen gases, which are then released into the atmosphere. This process can limit the flow of nitrogen from the soil into lakes, reducing potential runoff-related problems such as eutrophication (option C). Additionally, deforestation can lead to soil degradation, excess runoff, and flooding, all of which further affect the nitrogen cycle.
Macrophage cells undergo a process called phagocytosis in which material is brought into a cell in the form of membrane vesicles and then transported along microtubules toward the cell center. Assuming that the centrosome is near the cell center, you can predict that these vesicles are moving to the _____ end of microtubules using the motor protein _____
Answer:
Minus and dyenin.
Explanation:
The cell skeleton or cytoskeleton helps in the movement of the cell organelles and plays an important role during cell division. Three main types of cytoskeleton are microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filament.
The microtubule is made of the tubulin polymer that has the polrity at the two ends. The two main proteins present in microtubules are kinesin and dyenin. The vesicles that are near the center of the cell are moving to the minus end. The protein that helps in this movement is known as dyenin.
Thus, the answer is minus and dyenin.