The fossil record documents trends in which brains that are large relative to body size evolved in certain lineages, including hominins. in such lineages, what can you infer about the costs and benefits of large brains?
Final answer:
The evolution of large brains in hominins is attributed to their significant advantages in intelligence, social behavior, and adaptability, despite their metabolic costs. Enhanced cognitive abilities and improved diet through advanced tool use and meat consumption facilitated the sustaining of larger brain sizes.
Explanation:
When evaluating the evolution of large brains in hominins, it's essential to consider the costs and benefits. The fossil record indicates that large brains evolved in certain lineages, such as Homo, and are not merely a consequence of increased body size, but more likely related to complex behavioral adaptations. Large brains, while metabolically costly and demanding in early human development, provided significant evolutionary advantages such as enhanced cognitive abilities, improved social interactions, and advanced tool-making skills. The disproportionate energy use of the brain, requiring about 25-30% of human metabolic energy, points to the necessity of a high-quality diet, ultimately leading to a reduced gut size in hominins. The shift in diet, with an increased emphasis on meat, allowed for the nutrition necessary to sustain larger brains. Moreover, larger brains facilitated the development of material culture, complex social structures, and environmental adaptations. The evidence suggests that the benefits of a large brain, such as increased intelligence and social complexity, outweighed the energetic costs in evolutionary terms.
7.
In a food chain, concentrations of harmful substances increase in higher trophic levels in a process known as
A. biological magnification.
B. genetic drift.
C. biological succession.
D. pesticide resistance.
The A. Biological magnification is the process which causes toxic substances to increase at each trophic level in a food chain, making apex consumers most at risk.
The term that describes the process whereby toxic substances increase along trophic levels of an ecosystem is biological magnification. This phenomenon occurs when synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, resulting in higher levels of toxicity for organisms at the top. For instance, when a marsh is sprayed with DDT to control mosquitoes, microscopic aquatic organisms like plankton absorb trace amounts of DDT.
Filter-feeders such as clams and some fish then ingest the plankton, accumulating DDT in higher concentrations. This process continues upwards through the food chain, with each trophic level experiencing a significant increase in the concentration of these harmful substances, often resulting in detrimental effects on apex consumers.
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Humans have what type of circulatory system?
A. Single Loop
B. Triple Loop
C. Double Loop
D. Quadruple Loop
Bradley decides one day to run a marathon without any training. After ten minutes has elapsed and Bradley has run half a mile, he begins to get cramps in his thighs. He is also breathing very rapidly. What is causing the cramps on Bradley's legs?
Answer:
The correct answer is "lactic fermentation".
Explanation:
Lactic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in muscle cells as a way to produce energy when not enough oxygen reach the cells. This happens when a person is performing anaerobic exercise for a considerable period of time or without proper training, like Bradley that tried to run a marathon without any training. Lactic fermentation produces lactic acid build up on muscles, which is what is causing the cramps on Bradley's legs.
Interphase, Description of what happens
How did the absent minded professor burn his ear answer key?
Answer : Absent minded is a state of mind where a person is not attentive to the present situation (or what is happening around) rather is lost in thinking other things in mind.
In this case when the professor was ironing his clothes, he was lost in thoughts and was absent minded while performing the task of ironing. When he got a phone call on his mobile which was besides iron, he picked up the iron and touched it near his ear; which burnt his ear as iron was steaming hot.
Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of:
Fermentation reactions occur in anaerobic or low-oxygen environments.
Fermentation generates energy without oxygen, unlike aerobic respiration. Certain microbes and cells can ferment to produce energy under anaerobic settings. Bacteria, yeast, and human cells are included.
When oxygen is scarce, fermentation produces energy. It breaks down organic molecules like glucose without oxidation like aerobic respiration. The process generates ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and numerous end products depending on the organism and fermentation pathway.
Yeast ferments sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide, and bacteria and muscle cells ferment sugar into lactic acid. These reactions make bread, wine, beer, and yoghurt.
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Different species that occupy similar niches in isolated areas develop morphological similarities. this phenomenon is called _____.
When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip leaf, is submerged in a hypertonic solution, what is likely to occur?
Submerging a plant cell in a hypertonic solution leads to water moving out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink in a process called plasmolysis. This consequently leads to loss of turgor pressure, resulting in the plant wilting.
Explanation:When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip leaf, is submerged in a hypertonic solution, the cell is surrounded by a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than within the cell itself. As a result, water molecules move out of the cell to balance the concentration, an occurrence known as osmosis. This outward movement of water causes the cell membrane to shrink and detach from the cell wall, a process termed as plasmolysis. Ultimately, the cell loses turgor pressure, which is the force of water against the cell wall that helps maintain the plant structure, leading to the plant wilting.
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Threadlike structures that contain dna are defined as
(select all that apply.) the four organic molecules common to organisms are _____.
Is a guinea pigs unicellular or a multicellular?
Name two factors that cause a decrease in population size.
Mortality and emigration are the two factors that cause a decrease in population size.
Mortality is defined as the number of deaths in a population over time. When rates of mortality are high, population size might be reduced. Disease, accidents, and natural disasters are all common causes of death.
Emigration is a migration of people away from a country or region. When people emigrate, they are no longer considered a part of the population of the country or territory from where they departed. People may emigrate for a variety of reasons, including political instability, economic opportunities, and war.
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Final answer:
A decrease in population size can result from economic and social crises that lead to lower birth rates, as well as high death rates due to health issues. Environmental factors, such as the availability of resources influenced by human activities, like the use of pesticides and habitat destruction, also affect population size.
Explanation:
Two factors that cause a decrease in population size include economic and social crisis, leading to reduced birth rates, and high death rates due to health issues and the collapse of social safety nets. For example, populations decline when birth rates drop during periods of economic hardship as individuals delay or forego having children. Additionally, a rise in mortality, due to factors like alcoholism or heart disease, can lead to a population decrease if the death rate surpasses the birth rate.
Another factor that can decrease population size is environmental resources, which are affected by human activities such as the use of pesticides and habitat destruction. A decline in available resources can lead to increased mortality rates and lower birth rates over time.
How does carbon’s high valence relate to its ability to form these large and complex biomolecules?
Carbon’s high valence is vital in the formation of biomolecules due to the flexibility of carbon which enables its conformity to different shapes.
In the outermost shell of carbon, there are four electrons that enables it form covalent bond with other elements. The atoms of carbon are known to be the backbone of the important molecules that we have in our body.
In conclusion, the flexibility of carbon plays a vital role in the formation of complex biomolecules.
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Nutrients move through ecosystems in different way. which nutrient cycles through organisms,rivers,
Which group of plants contains the tallest and oldest trees on earth?
Choose the factor that is likely to limit population growth.
Limiting factors are the resources that can limit population growth. It can include keystone species, predator, energy, available space, disease and food supply etc.
What are the limiting factors for population growth?Population growth limiting factors are either density-dependent or density-independent.
Density dependent factors can include disease, competition and predators while density independent factors can include harsh weather, limited food supply, lower quantity of nutrients etc.
Thus, in the given question, option D is correct.
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There are several ways to carry a gun. the trail carry: is a good choice when all other hunters are in front of you leaves a hand free for balance is recommended when walking in snow is recommended when walking through brush
Answering the question, the trail carry leaves a hand free for balance
Trail carry: your hands will be free and balance but this position is not advisable if you’re walking in the brush or snow
There are many ways to safely handle a gun but regardless of how you carry it while hunting, there are several measures you must put in place.
Further ExplanationSome of which include:
Ensure the safety is onYour finder should not be close to the trigger guard, that is, your finger should place along the frame of the fun to avoid accidental discharge.Ensure you keep the muzzle point in a safe direction to ensure that you do not point your gun to what you do not have in mind to shoot or you do not intend to shoot.Do not load your gun until when it’s time to go hunting, that is, the gun shouldn’t be loaded until you are ready to use it.Some of the best positions to carry arms include
Side carry or elbow: this position is very comfortable but appears slightly difficult to control the muzzleSling carry: this position is easy, particularly when you trek from one place to another. It is also very important to place your place on the sling to avoid sliding off your shoulderTwo-Handed: This position gives the best control, particularly when you need to shoot very quicklyCradle carry: this position is secure and very comfortableShoulder carry: this position is perfect particularly in the waist-high brush.LEARN MORE:
There are several ways to carry a gun. the trail carry: https://brainly.com/question/4578196A hunter is right-handed. when shooting a shotgun, this hunter should: https://brainly.com/question/3657904KEYWORDS:
firearmsfree for balancetrail carrycradle carryhuntingAn increase in the number of brown bears in an Alaskan river ecosystem causes the ecosystem's carrying capacity for salmon to decrease. Which two terms describe the brown bear in this scenario? A.Parasite B.Biotic factor C.Limiting factor D.Primary consumer
Answer:
B and C, biotic factor and limiting factor
Explanation:
The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can support based on the resources it contains.
The more the resources an ecosystem has, the more the number of organisms it can sustain and the higher the carrying capacity. On the other hand, the lower the resources an ecosystem has, the lower the number of organisms it can sustain and the lower the carrying capacity. These resources are often refers to as limiting factors.
Properly defined, limiting factors are those variables that act on a population and prevent it from increasing indefinitely. These variables can be density dependent or density independent.
Biotic factors are the living factors of the environment or an ecosystem that tend to interact with individuals living in such environment/ecosystem.
Hence, in this case, the brown bears can be viewed as a limiting factor since their increase in the river ecosystem decreased the ecosystem's carrying capacity for salmon. At the same time, they are part of the living components of the salmon's environment and can therefore be considered as a biotic factor.
Manufacturing recombinant dna molecules involves cutting a gene from its normal location, inserting it into a circular piece of dna from a bacterial cell, and then transferring the circle of dna to cells of another species. which of the below describe the circular piece of dna?
Microfilaments are solid, and they are built from a double chain of actin. explain three examples of movements that involve microfilaments
Meiosis is the type of cell division which produces haploid gametes. false or true
List the steps that should be followed to clean and disinfect clipper blades effectively
To clean and disinfect clipper blades effectively, one should follow these steps:
1. Disconnect the Clipper: Before beginning the cleaning process, ensure that the clipper is turned off and unplugged from the power source.
2. Remove Hair and Debris: Use a clipper brush or a soft-bristled toothbrush to remove any hair or debris from the blades. Be gentle to avoid bending the blades.
3. Disassemble the Blades: If possible, carefully disassemble the blades according to the manufacturer's instructions. This allows for a more thorough cleaning.
4. Clean with Soap and Water: Wash the blades with warm, soapy water using a soft cloth or brush. This helps to remove any remaining debris and oils.
5. Rinse and Dry: Rinse the blades with clean water to remove any soap residue. Then, dry the blades thoroughly with a clean towel or allow them to air dry completely. It's important to ensure they are dry to prevent rust.
6. Disinfect the Blades: Apply a disinfectant solution that is suitable for use on metal and is safe for the type of blades you are cleaning. Follow the instructions on the disinfectant for the appropriate contact time. Common disinfectants include isopropyl alcohol, barbicide, or other EPA-registered disinfectants.
7. Rinse Again (if necessary): If the disinfectant requires rinsing after use, do so with clean water and dry the blades again thoroughly.
8. Lubricate the Blades: Once the blades are clean and dry, apply a few drops of clipper blade oil or a manufacturer-recommended lubricant to the blades. Turn on the clipper for a few seconds to distribute the oil evenly.
9. Reassemble the Clipper: Carefully reassemble the blades and any other parts that were removed during the cleaning process.
10. Test the Clipper: Plug in the clipper and turn it on to ensure that the blades are moving smoothly and that the clipper is functioning properly.
By following these steps, one can maintain the cleanliness and effectiveness of clipper blades, ensuring they are free from bacteria and other pathogens, and prolonging their lifespan. Always refer to the manufacturer's guidelines for specific instructions related to your particular model of clippers.
In what portion of the cell cycle does the cell double in size
What layer of the skin functions as padding and insulation and is responsible from some of the structural differences in men and women?
Which species normally has cloudy urine when it's passed?
A. Ovine
B. Porcine
C. Equine
D. Bovine
The specie that normally have cloudy urine when it’s passed is a horse, which stands for the Equine. Therefore the answer is letter C. The color of their urine as the bladder is entirely deflated. If it seems red, brown or orange, the horse might have a health problem.
If only 10% of energy is passed on when an organism is eaten, what happens to the other 90%
Indicate which strategy is likely to lead to optimal muscle glycogen replenishment. type of carbohydrate
When an athlete is nearing the end of a race ad her cells are low on oxygen?
The nurse, assessing the lochia of a client, attempts to separate a clot and identifies the presence of tissue. which observation would indicate the presence of tissue