Race has been used to rationalize inequality through institutionalized power structures that propagate disparities in educational opportunities, job opportunities, and standardized testing. Critical race theory illustrates that racist decisions can occur even without personal racist intent due to these structures shaped by past racism. Misconceptions about genetics and race were also used to justify inequality in the past.
Explanation:Race has been used to rationalize inequality in various ways throughout history. The most significant is through the institutionalized power structures that are formed due to past racist actions. These structures continue to reinforce inequality by promoting segregation in education systems, unequal job opportunities, and even disparities in standardized testing.
Critical race theory provides a lens through which we can view these inequalities. It argues that even without personal racist intent, decisions within legal, political, and cultural contexts can be racist, since these contexts have been shaped by past racist actions. An example is merit-based college admissions reliant on standardized tests. Despite being purported as race neutral, they perpetuate systemic racism because of inherent racial inequalities in educational opportunities, family environments, and income levels.
Race was even used pseudoscientifically to justify inequality, with past assertions that genetics of race determine intelligence. These assertions have since been debunked, highlighting that any lower IQ among a racial group was more about nurture than nature, which is systemic injustice in itself.
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Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called
Operant conditioning is the term used to describe voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes. It involves strengthening or weakening behaviors based on the consequences that follow them.
Explanation:Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow them. These consequences can be positive or negative reinforcement, or positive or negative punishment.
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Why was the Great Leap Forward unsuccessful?
Question 8 options:
People refused to move to the larger farms.
People wanted to be able to own land and work for themselves to make a profit.
Chinese farmers did not know how to plant crops on large plots of land.
The Communist government rejected Mao’s idea and the farms were never organized.
The factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that determine patterns of disease are described using:
a. descriptive epidemiology
b. analytic epidemiology
c. distribution
d. determinants
The factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that determine patterns of disease are described using 'determinants.' D is correct.
These include genetic, environmental, and behavioral variables that influence disease risk.In the field of epidemiology, determinants are the factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that influence the risk or likelihood of disease. Determinants cover a wide range of variables such as genetic factors, environmental exposures, and behaviors that alter disease risk. Epidemiologists use this information to understand how diseases spread and to identify effective prevention and control strategies.In a class lecture, professor hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. the professor's lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders.
Professor Hampton's lecture on the contribution of abnormal blood chemistry to psychological disorders highlighted the biological perspective. This perspective examines the physiological and genetic factors that influence mental states and behaviors, including neurotransmitters and genetics.
Explanation:The professor's lecture that emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders highlighted a biological perspective on psychological disorders. The biological perspective focuses on the physiological and genetic basis for behavior and how these factors influence an individual's mental state and behavior. It looks at aspects like neurochemistry, brain structure and function, and genetics to understand how these contribute to psychological disorders and shape an individual's experience.
For instance, the biological perspective might examine how imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin or dopamine could lead to depression or anxiety disorders. It also takes into consideration how genetics might predispose an individual to certain psychological conditions.
In contrast, other perspectives like the psychodynamic or cognitive approaches might focus on an individual's past experiences or their thought patterns and belief systems when analyzing psychological disorders. Understanding the biological underpinnings, however, provides a fundamental layer from which treatments, including pharmacological interventions, can be devised.
Bloom's taxonomy notes that students often begin their college careers as ___________________, but (hopefully) complete them as ________________ of knowledge.
When only constitutional amendments are on the ballot in texas, __________ percent of registered voters turn out to vote?
Final answer:
Only about 8.5 percent of registered voters in Texas turn out to vote when only constitutional amendments are on the ballot, which is a much lower turnout compared to other types of elections.
Explanation:
When only constitutional amendments are on the ballot in Texas, it is reported that an average of 8.5 percent of registered voters turn out to vote. This level of participation is significantly lower than that of presidential elections or other types of primary elections. For example, in the 2014 gubernatorial primary, the turnout was about 11.6 percent, while in special constitutional elections, like the one on September 13, 2003, it was not unusual for turnout to be less than five percent of the eligible population.
It is essential for citizens to be aware of low voter turnout in these elections, especially since the amendments can have substantial implications for the state. The low turnout is influenced by factors such as voter registration laws, the complexity of the voting system, and socio-economic barriers. Awareness and understanding the significance can encourage more voter participation in constitutional amendment elections.
The experience of parting with an object, person, belief, or relationship that one values is defined as:
The experience of parting with an object, person, belief, or relationship that one values is often referred to as loss or grief. It is a complex process that not only entails emotional reactions but can also involve cognitive changes such as cognitive dissonance. The process typically includes two phases: separation and transition.
Explanation:The experience of parting with an object, person, belief, or relationship that one values is often defined in literature as loss or grief. It includes a wide range of experiences, such as emotional reactions to the death of a loved one, changes in attitude towards a friend or sibling, or a shift in major life plans. Additionally, it covers sensations of alienation, from both oneself and society, possibly a consequence of circumstances such as moving countries or cultural transitions.
Grief is often a complex process that is divided into two overarching phases; separation and transition. Separation signifies detachment from the previous status or entity. Transition signifies the process of adjusting to the new status. This could be grieving a relationship ending or adjusting to a new lifestyle after the passing of a loved one.
In addition to these, another angle to consider is the psychological phenomenon of cognitive dissonance, which refers to the internal conflict one experiences when one loses something or someone one value highly due to contradicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. All these examples underline that reactions to loss are complex and interconnected with our emotions, beliefs, attitudes, life experiences, and cultural backgrounds.
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The voluntary breaking of established laws based on one's moral beliefs is called
The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the
Answer:
It involves the degeneration of myelin.
Explanation:
Myelin is a structure which permeates the neuron and allows the electric impulses to pass from one neuron to the other faster and more efficiently.
This is because myelin is an insulating layer which allows the electrical impulse to go faster, such as it would work on a cable.
During multiple sclerosis, the myelin is damaged and begins degenerating which in turn makes it harder and not possible for the impulses to pass from one neuron to the other.
This affects the spinal cord which creates the motor deficiency best known during this disease.
The process by which minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups is known as:
The process by which minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups is known as assimilation.
What is dominant culture?Dominant cultural refers to individualities historically and presently have more imaginations and causation. The group whose extremities hold more power relative to other associates in the social group. Dominant cultures may or may not hold a quantitative absolute majority of the grouping.
The term assimilation refers to the process of pickings and the two the full perceptive knowledge or ideas. It was the adopt the culture, values, and social behaviors and measures of the dominant culture and discontinue to exist as immigrant groups.
As a result, the significance of the minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups is assimilation are the aforementioned.
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Roger went to see his doctor with complaints of erectile dysfunction (ed). his doctor has him participate in a sleep disorder study to determine the cause of his ed. the cause of his ed was determined to be psychological. why?
Roger underwent a sleep study for erectile dysfunction which indicated a psychological cause, as erections during sleep suggest physiological functions are intact. Psychological causes like stress and anxiety, rather than physiological factors, are implicated when physical functions are normal, leading to different treatment approaches.
Roger visited his doctor because of complaints about erectile dysfunction (ED). In an attempt to diagnose the cause of his ED, a sleep disorder study was conducted to assess for physiological problems. This test involves a device that detects and records erections that occur during sleep. If the man has erections during sleep, this suggests that the ED is not caused by physiological issues but rather may be psychological in nature.
Possible physiological causes of ED can include aging, kidney failure, and tobacco smoking, while psychological causes may encompass stress and performance anxiety. In cases of psychological ED, treatment may involve therapies aimed at the psychological factors, but in other situations, medical interventions such as medications or surgery might be necessary to enhance blood flow or address physical issues contributing to ED.
Why is a person doing a cannonball dive an example of free fall while a person descending to earth on a parachute is not?
The racial and ethnic landscape is subject to change and different interpretations because _______________.
Final answer:
The racial and ethnic landscape is subject to change and different interpretations because the categories that governments and cultural groups use for ethnicity are socially constructed, meaning they are created by societies and can therefore evolve with social attitudes and migration patterns. As a result, these categories are not static and can vary over time and in different geographic locations.
Explanation:
The concept of race and ethnicity is a fluid one, shaped by social perceptions and historical context. When institutions such as employers, schools, and the Census collect data on ethnicity and race, they often provide categorizations that fail to capture the nuance and complexity of individual identity. Furthermore, these categorizations can change when individuals move across borders, highlighting the geographical dependency of racial and ethnic identity. This variance underscores that ethnicity and race are not inherent, unchanging characteristics. Instead, they are part of a dynamic process of societal classification and personal identification, influenced by ongoing political, social, and cultural developments. Thus, predicting the final racial and ethnic categories for events like the US Census requires an understanding of these changing social constructions.
Milgram's experiment involving the "small world phenomenon" utilized two groups. he referred to these two groups as the ________ and the ________.
Tracking polls help candidates __________. encourage voter turnout win support among undecided voters measure the impact of their campaign find campaign volunteers
At the beginning of his last vacation, mike fell off a horse. he got right back in the saddle, though, and overcame his apprehension. if mike experiences spontaneous recovery during his next vacation, he will:
Why might a multiple rm be more appropriate in older adult population?
Most individuals develop a clear understanding of their language's structure, as well as a large vocabulary, during _____.
Which term best describes is a way of acquiring knowledge that cannot be obtained by inference, deduction, observation, reason, analysis or experience?
The answer is intuition. It is a way of having to understanding an information, fact or something in a more fast phase without having to provide any reasoning or obtaining any experience, analysis or observation to be done in order to learn or know it.
Differences in male and female communication informative speech
Answer:
1) Women show great ability in reading body language.
2) Men also have more direct, purposeful communication, getting to the point quickly and directly.
3) Men tend to be overly direct, steamrolling over the listener.
Explanation:
I got a 100%
The theory that posits that communication with others shapes personal identity is called
The answer is symbolic interactionism as this theory revolves with having to shape the personal identity of an individual with the use of communication towards self or towards other people. The language plays a huge role in the person’s being.
The _____ evolves during individual development when restrictions, mores, and values of society are learned.
The answer is the superego. It is the ethical factor of the character and offers the moral ideals by which the ego functions. The superego’s disapprovals, preventions, and reserves form an individual’s conscience, and its optimistic ambitions and principles signify one’s perfect self-image, or “ego model.”
Lawrence is playing with his infant daughter rosalie. he responds to rosalie's facial expressions by mimicking and exaggerating the same expressions. all of a sudden, lawrence stops showing any emotion. how is rosalie likely to respond?
What results from the federal system of government in the United States
Samantha has lived in the united states all of her life. she has been socialized into the u. s. american culture and internalized its primary cultural values. she has been ______________ into an "american" identity.
Which of the following beliefs was central to Egyptian religion?
the afterlife
the pyramids
the pharaohs
the heavens
The afterlife of the following beliefs was central to Egyptian religion. The correct option is A.
What do Egyptians believe in religion?Over time, monotheistic religions superseded the ancient pagan beliefs that had progressively disappeared. The majority of people in Egypt today are Muslims, with a tiny minority of Jews and Christians.
The Egyptians believed that the afterlife was a continuation of the earthly life, and so they prepared for it meticulously. They believed that the body needed to be preserved through mummification so that the soul could recognize it and reunite with it after death. They also believed that the deceased would need food, clothing, and other necessities in the afterlife, so they buried them with all the items they would need.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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The type c behavior pattern is strongly associated with ________.
Developmental psychologists study all of the following except __________ development. A. cognitive B. physical C. emotional D. industrial
The only answer is D. Industrial.
Foreign policy actors will often pursue different goals simultaneously because foreign policy connects domestic politics and international relations. for example, leaders:
A happily married couple might engage in _____ communication behavior, while a unhappily married couple might use _______, a reciprocal pattern of communication