Vapor-pressure lowering is a colligative property of a solution, which means that it depends only upon _____.

The metal fittings on boats where ropes can be fastened are called cleats. Cleats are typically made of metal or plastic and are used to secure ropes by wrapping them around the fitting. Cam cleats are a specific type that use cams to grip and release the rope easily.

The metal fittings on boats where ropes can be fastened are called cleats. Cleats come in various shapes and materials, including metal and plastic, and are designed to secure ropes by wrapping them around the fitting. A specific type of cleat often used in sailing is the cam cleat, which uses cams to grip the rope when pulled upward and allows easy release when pulled downward.

In addition to cleats, there are other fittings like bitts and bollards that also serve the purpose of securing ropes on boats. However, cleats are the most commonly used and recognized for this function.

Final answer:

Two different compound samples consisting of the same elements but in different proportions are different compounds. They exemplify the Law of Multiple Proportions, with the specific mass ratios indicating the identity of the compounds.

Explanation:

If two compound samples are composed of the same elements but in different proportions, we can conclude that these are different compounds. This observation is encompassed by the Law of Multiple Proportions which states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, they do so in ratios of small whole numbers. For instance, carbon and oxygen can form carbon monoxide (CO) with a ratio of 1:1 and carbon dioxide (CO2) with a ratio of 1:2. Therefore, the different mass ratios indicate different compounds altogether, each with unique properties.

The example given in the question shows compound A with a carbon to oxygen mass ratio of approximately 1:1.33, and compound B with a ratio of approximately 1:2.66, suggesting that compound B contains twice as many oxygen atoms per carbon atom compared to compound A. This could indicate that compound A is carbon monoxide and compound B is carbon dioxide, illustrating the Law of Multiple Proportions.

Answer:

5.12 moles of NaCl are required to prepare 0.80 L of 6.4 M NaCl.

Explanation:

Molarity (M) is a concentration measure that indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.

The Molarity is then determined by:

[tex]Molarity (M)=\frac{number of moles of solute}{volume}[/tex]

Molarity is expressed in units[tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex].

6.4 M NaCl indicates that 1 liter of solution there are 6.4 moles of NaCl.

You can apply a rule of three as follows: if in 1 liter of solution there are 6.4 moles of NaCl, in 0.8 L how many moles are there?

[tex]moles=\frac{0.8 L*6.4 moles}{1 L}[/tex]

moles=5.12

5.12 moles of NaCl are required to prepare 0.80 L of 6.4 M NaCl.

Answer: The name of the compound sodium oxide.

Explanation: Sodium is Na and its atomic mass is 22.99 amu. Oxygen is O and its mass is 16.00 amu. Na is a first group metal with one valence electron where as oxygen is a non metal with six valence electrons. Na loses one electron to get its nearest noble gas configuration and oxygen accepts two electrons to get its nearest noble gas configuration. So, the charge for Na is +1 and the charge for O is -2.

For each oxygen atom, two atoms of sodium are required. Hence, formula of the compound is [tex]Na_2O[/tex] and its name is Sodium oxide.

Formula mass = [2(22.99)+16.00]amu

= (45.98 + 16.00)amu

= 61.98 amu

Answer:

require only one electron to complete their outer shell

have a high electronegativity

Explanation:

11.2 moles of co2 are produced when 5.60 mole of ethane are burned in an excess of oxygen.

In chemistry, a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities such as atoms, molecules, or other specified particles.

The chemical reaction is given by :

2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O

2 mole C₂H₆ - 4 mole CO₂

5.60 mole C₂H₆ - x

x=5.60*4/2=11.2 mole

Thus, 11.2 moles of co2 are produced when 5.60 mole of ethane are burned in an excess of oxygen.

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To the prepared solution at  [tex]\rm 20^\circ C[/tex] the extra mass of x to be added to the solution at  [tex]\rm 30^\circ C[/tex] will be 4.44 g.

The complete question has given:

Solubility of x/100 g water at [tex]\rm 20^\circ C[/tex] = 11

Solubility of x/100 g water at [tex]\rm 30^\circ C[/tex] = 23

Now, since the saturated solution at [tex]\rm 20^\circ C[/tex]  will use 37 g of water. The mass of x in the saturated solution will be :

Mass of x =  [tex]\rm \dfrac{solubility\;of\;x\;\times\;mass\;of\;water}{100}[/tex]

Mass of x at [tex]\rm 20^\circ C[/tex] = [tex]\rm \dfrac{11\;\times\;37}{100}[/tex] g

Mass of x at [tex]\rm 20^\circ C[/tex]  = 4.07 g.

The mass of solute at [tex]\rm 30^\circ C[/tex] will be = [tex]\rm \dfrac{23\;\times\;37}{100}[/tex] g.

The mass of solute at[tex]\rm 30^\circ C[/tex]  = 8.51 g.

The extra mass of x to be added to the solution will be = 8.51 - 4.07 g.

The extra mass of x to be added to the solution will be 4.44 g.

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Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Atomic number means the sum of total number of protons acquired by an atom.

So, when atomic number of nitrogen is 7 then it means there are 7 protons present.

Whereas atomic mass means the sum of total number of protons and neutrons present in an atom.

Therefore, nitrogen-15 is an isotope of nitrogen that will always have 7 protons when it is neutral in nature. Hence, in nitrogen-15 the number of protons and neutrons are calculated as follows.

                   Atomic mass = no. of protons + no. of neutrons

                             15 = 7 + no. of neutrons

                    no. of neutrons = 15 - 7

                                               = 8

Thus, we can conclude that the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains 8 neutrons.

Atomic number is the number of protons in an element. Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an element. Thus, to get the number of neutrons in an element, one can subtract the atomic number of an element from the mass number.

Since Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7, the number of neutrons in nitrogen with a mass number of 14 is 14 - 7 = 7 neutrons

The number of neutrons in nitrogen with a mass number of 15 is 15 -7 = 8 neutrons

Thus, the answer to the question is 8 neutrons.

Note: Nitrogen-14 means nitrogen with a mass number of 14 while nitrogen-15 means nitrogen with a mass number of 15

Answer:

Calcium chloride

Explanation:

Colligative  property depends upon number of particles. The colligative property is independent of the nature of solute present in a solution.

More the number of particles larger the colligative property.

The following are colligative property

a) depression in freezing point

b) elevation in boiling point

c) relative lowering of vapor pressure

d) osmotic pressure

Thus if we wish to melt the we will take calcium chloride as it will give more number of ions per molecules as compared to sodium chloride.

The substances listed as HBr, CH3COOH and H3PO4 are acids. Acids are substances that donate protons or H+ ions in solution while bases accept these ions. NaCl is a salt.

The substances listed as HBr (hydrobromic acid), CH3COOH (acetic acid), and H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) are all types of acid. These are known as acids because they donate protons, or hydrogen ions (H+) in solution, which is the defining property of an acid based on the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases. In contrast, substances like LiOH and Mg(OH)2 are bases because they accept H+ ions, and NaCl is a salt, which is typically the product of an acid-base neutralisation reaction.

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Simple distillation is most effective for separating two liquids when their boiling points differ by more than 100°C. For closer boiling points, fractional distillation is recommended.

Simple distillation is best used to separate two liquids that have boiling points that differ by more than 100°C. This method works well to purify mixtures by separating a liquid from non-volatile impurities or from components with significantly greater or lesser boiling points. When the difference in boiling points of the components is less than 100°C, simple distillation cannot achieve significant purification. In such cases, fractional distillation, which involves a fractionating column, is used to enhance purification.

For instance, the distillation of crude oil or the production of alcoholic spirits like brandy and whiskey are applications of distillation that exploit the differences in boiling points to separate mixtures into their components.

[tex]\boxed{{\text{3213}}{\text{.15 s}}}[/tex] will be required to convert 1.50 mol of water completely into steam.

Further explanation:

Enthalpy of vaporization

It is the amount of energy that is required to convert a substance from its liquid state to a vapor or gaseous state. It is also known as the latent heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation. It is represented by [tex]\Delta {H_{{\text{vap}}}}[/tex].

The expression for the heat of vaporization is as follows:

[tex]{\text{q}} = {\text{n}}\Delta {H_{{\text{vap}}}}[/tex]                                                                …… (1)

Here,

q is the energy of the substance.

n is the number of moles of the substance.

[tex]\Delta {H_{{\text{vap}}}}[/tex] is the heat of vaporization.

Substitute 1.50 mol for n and 40.7 kJ/mol for [tex]\Delta {H_{{\text{vap}}}}[/tex] in equation (1).

 [tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{q}}&= \left( {1.50{\text{ mol}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{40.7{\text{ kJ}}}}{{1{\text{ mol}}}}} \right)\\&= 61.05{\text{ kJ}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The amount of energy is to be converted into J. The conversion factor for this is,

 [tex]1{\text{ kJ}} = {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^3}{\text{ J}}[/tex]

Therefore the amount of energy can be calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{q}} &= \left( {61.05{\text{ kJ}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{{{10}^3}{\text{ J}}}}{{1{\text{ kJ}}}}} \right)\\&= {\text{61050 J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The time required for conversion of water into steam is calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Time required}}&= \left( {61050{\text{ J}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{1{\text{ s}}}}{{19{\text{ J}}}}} \right)\\&= 3213.15{\text{ s}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]  

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Thermodynamics

Keywords: enthalpy of vaporization, q, n, 1.50 mol, water, steam, 3213.15 s, 61050 J, 61.05 kJ, 40.7 kJ/mol, liquid state, vapour state, substance, time, amount of energy.

Answer:

The correct answer is 7.

Explanation:

Given :  3-ethyl-2-pentene (Alkene)

The longest chain in the molecule is of 5 carbon atom. And on second carbon ethyl group is present.In ethyl group there re 2 carbon atoms. So, the total carbon atom in 3-ethyl-2-pentene are 7 carbon atoms.

[tex]CH_2=C(C_2H_5)-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3[/tex]

Answer: The correct formula for phosphorous pentachloride is [tex]PCl_5[/tex] because a subscript 5 indicates five chlorine (Cl) atoms.

Explanation: For the given molecule, phosphorous pentachloride, there are 2 atoms present which are phosphorous and chlorine atoms.

Number of phosphorous atoms = 1

Number of chlorine atoms = 5

So, the correct formula for phosphorous pentachloride will be [tex]PCl_5[/tex] because the subscript 5 represents the 5 chlorine atoms.

The correct formula for phosphorus pentachloride is PCl₅. Therefore, option B is correct.

In the compound, phosphorus has a valence of +5, meaning it can form up to five bonds. Each chlorine atom has a valence of -1, allowing it to form a single bond.

By combining one phosphorus atom with five chlorine atoms, each chlorine atom can share one electron with the phosphorus atom, resulting in the formation of five P-Cl bonds.

In the compound, "penta" indicates that there are five chloride (Cl) atoms bonded to the central phosphorus (P) atom. The subscript of 5 in PCl5 represents the number of Cl atoms bonded to each P atom.

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The half-life of a radioisotope that decayed from 0.5 g to 0.125 g in 9.6 min is 4.8 minutes, calculated by recognizing that two half-lives have occurred within the given timeframe.

The question concerns the calculation of the half-life of a radioisotope based on the amount of material that remains after a certain period of time. The half-life is the time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay. To determine the half-life, we can apply the formula for exponential decay:

N(t) = N(0) * (1/2)^(t/T)

Where:

N(t) is the remaining quantity of the substance after time t,

N(0) is the initial quantity of the substance,

t is the time that has passed,

T is the half-life of the substance.

In this case, we start with 0.5 g and end with 0.125 g after 9.6 minutes. Since two half-lives have passed to get from 0.5 g to 0.125 g (0.5 g -> 0.25 g -> 0.125 g), we can calculate the half-life as:

9.6 minutes / 2 = 4.8 minutes

Therefore, the half-life of the radioisotope is 4.8 minutes.

Answer: No, the oxidation state of hydrogen does not change in the given chemical reaction.

Explanation: Balancing the given chemical equation, we get:

[tex]2HBr+H_2SO_4\rightarrow SO_2+Br_2+2H_2O[/tex]

Reactant side:

In HBr, the oxidation state of bromine is -1, so to form a neutral compound, hydrogen should have an oxidation state of +1.

In [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] , the oxidation state of sulfate is -2, so to form a neutral atom, two hydrogen atoms having +1 oxidation state should combine with it.

Product side:

In [tex]H_2O[/tex], the oxidation state of hydroxide ion is -1, so to form a neutral water molecule, hydrogen should have an oxidation state of +1.

From above, we can say that the oxidation states of hydrogen atom did not change for the following chemical reaction.

B. HCl is the limiting reactant; 2.8 mol AlCl3 can be formed