True or false?
a. The structural differences between plant and animal cell are the structures found in the plant cells such as the cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuoles.
b. Chloroplasts in animal cells produce the majority of the cells formed from food.
c. The cells use sunlight as their energy source the sunlight it then made into energy in the process known as Photosynthesis.
d. The Cell Wall is the rigid wall surrounding the cell membrane which gives it a stable and protected environment.
e. Vacuoles are large, liquid filled organelles that occupy up to 90 percent of the cells volume and they have one membrane.
f. Their main priority is being a space filler in the cell and they can also fill the digestive functions and are used as storage for nutrients.

My answer will be option A. "The surface area volume ratio increases.This is because, with normal growth, the cell gets bigger and bigger and its speed of waste production and its need to obtain resources increase faster than the surface where it is supported This explains why large organisms must consist of many small cells: cells are small in volume to maintain a large surface-to-volume ratio.

Correct answer: A). The surface area volume ratio increases.

A cell is like a compartment where various types of chemical reaction occur, like any living thing it also grows and increases in size. The higher the volume of the cell the larger reactions can occur in the cell. It means that higher surface area will allow a large exchange of substances through the cell.

If the size of the cell is decreased, it means its surface area to volume ratio also decreases, but at unequal rates. The volume would decrease faster as compared to the surface area which will lead to an increase in the surface area to volume ratio.

Hence, as the cell size decrease, the surface area to volume ratio increases.

Mutilation is not part of protein synthesis, which includes transcription of DNA to mRNA, and translation of mRNA to a polypeptide chain.

The part of protein synthesis that is NOT included in the process is mutilation. Protein synthesis is a two-step process that includes transcription and translation. During transcription, the genetic code from DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then serves as a template for translation, where the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to synthesis a polypeptide chain with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.

Contrastingly, replication is the process of duplicating DNA prior to cell division, not involved in protein synthesis. Mutilation, not being a biological term typically associated with genetics or molecular biology, certainly does not pertain to this process.

B. Formal operational stage of cognitive development

Preconventional morality: It is the earliest stage of moral development around nine years, the rules are external imposed by authority figures and seek to avoid punishment or receive a reward.

Conventional morality: In this second phase most adolescents and adults, individuals learn about rules and authority, which govern how they should or should not behave, in addition to learning to obey them.

The answer is: c. Preconventional level of moral development.

Answer:

An area that was covered by a glacier

Explanation:

Primary succession is one of two types of biological and ecological succession of plant life, occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and other organisms usually lacking soil, such as a lava flow or area left from retreated glacier, is deposited.

Primary succession would most likely take place in an area that was covered by a glacier, as it leaves behind bare rock which is a blank slate for succession to begin, starting with the activity of pioneer species.

Primary succession would most likely occur in an area that was covered by a glacier. This is because primary succession is ecological succession that happens on lands where life has not previously existed, such as newly formed land from lava flows or land exposed after a glacier recedes. The melting and retreat of glaciers leave behind bare rock, as the glacial movement scours the landscape down to bedrock, removing any preexisting soil. Thus, this sets the stage for primary succession, where soil must first be produced before life can begin to establish itself.

Pioneer species, like lichens and some mosses, are crucial to the soil formation process during primary succession. These organisms can grow on bare rock and contribute to the gradual breakdown of these rocks and the accumulation of organic material, which over time leads to the formation of soil.

The sodium atom loses an electron and becomes positively charged. The chlorine atom gains an electron and becomes negatively charged. The two charged ions then form an ionic bond. Hope this helps

Even though sodium has a proclivity to lose an electron and chlorine has a proclivity to gain an electron, the components are well suited to bond with one another. This electron transfer results in the formation of the ionic bond that holds Na+ and Cl- together.

Ionic bond, also referred to as electrovalent bond, is a type of interconnection established in a chemical compound by the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions.

When the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are permanently transferred to another, a bond is formed.

An ionic bond is formed when a metal and a nonmetal interact, whereas a covalent bond is formed when two nonmetals interact.

Despite the fact that sodium has a tendency to lose an electron and chlorine has a tendency to gain an electron, the components are well suited to bond with one another.

The formation of the ionic bond that holds Na+ and Cl- together is the result of this electron transfer.

Thus, this way sodium atom forms a bond with a chlorine atom.

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True , headlands are not formed through wave deposition.

A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water.

A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast with alternating horizontal bands of hard and soft rock.

Since a sea arch is formed through wave erosion.

Therefore, Headlands are formed by through wave deposition.

We can say Headlands are formed to wave deposition.

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It would be choice A, Chloroplast. That's because the chloroplast is the organelle that carries out photosynthesis. The process requires energy from the sun in order to be carried out so without light the chloroplast would be affected.

Brainliest please????

Answer:

chloroplast

Explanation:

The correct answer is option D, that is, genetic diversity among the species.  

The sum of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species is known as genetic diversity. It is differentiated from genetic variability that illustrates the capability of genetic features to change.  

The genetic diversity functions as a medium for the populations to amend with the fluctuating environments. With more changes, there is more possibility that some individuals in a population will exhibit different forms of alleles, which are appropriate for the surrounding.  

These individuals hold high possibilities of survival in order to generate offspring exhibiting that allele. The population will continue for more generations due to the accomplishment of these individuals.  

Answer:

D)

Explanation:

                                         Protein Denaturation

NAME OF MAIN PROTEIN:     TEMPERATURE:      OBSERVATION:

EGGS: - 144°F - Then four eggs were cracked into a bowl and separate the yolk from the egg whites. Then was poured the raw egg whites into a saucepan and turn the stove on low heat, then placed the thermometer. The temperature of the egg whites began to increase 80°F. The texture began to become tough and rubber like. The temperature began to increase again to 160°F.

MILK: - 180°F - Two cups of milk was then poured the into a clean saucepan, then was turned it on low heat and inserted the thermometer into the saucepan. The temperature of the milk began to increase to 80°F. The color stayed the same and the texture began to thicken.

HAIR: - 225°F - The oven was then preheated to 200°F, then put aluminum foil over your baking sheet. Hair was revieved from a hair brush and placed was on the baking sheet, then put the baking sheet in the oven. The hair heated for 5 minutes then increased the oven to 225°F, then it heated for another 5 minutes. The texture of the the hair became stiffer and dry.  

Questions:

1. What is the most abundant type of protein in egg white? What do you think its purpose is?

2. What is the most abundant type of protein in milk? What do you think its purpose is?

3. What is the most abundant type of protein in human hair? What do you think its purpose is?

4. What happens when a protein denatures?

5. What conditions might cause a protein to denature (list at least two)?

Answers:

1.  The most abundant type of protein in egg white is ovalbumin is the most abundant protein in albumen.

2.  The most abundant type of protein in milk is caseins.

3.  The most abundant type of protein in human hair is  biomaterial primarily composed of protein, especially alpha-keratin.

4.  Denaturation of proteins involves the destruction of the tertiary and secondary structure.

5.  Conditions that might cause a protein to denature is the heat increases the knortic energy which causes the molecules to vibrate so rapidly and violently that the bonds are disrupted, and the heat can disrupt hydrogen bonds and non-polar hydrophobic interaction.

Question:

1. About at which temperature did the protein in eggs denature? How could you tell?

2. About at which temperature did the protein in milk denature? How could you tell?  

3. About at which temperature did the protein in hair denature? How could you tell?

4. Why do you think different proteins denature at different temperatures?

5. Why might it be useful to protein?

Answer:  

1. After a few minutes, the temperature of the eggs increased to 80°F, then five minutes later it increased agin to 160°F. The eggs then began to become tough and rubbery.

2. After a few minutes, the temperature of the boiling milk increased to 80°F. It then became a thick consitantsy.

3. After the hair was in the oven set at 200°F, the hair became stiff like, then was bumped up to 225°F. It then became stiffer and dry.

4. Yes, different proteins denature at different temperatures can melt above 106°F.

5. Denature a proteins change their structure in the presence of certain chemicals, acids or bases.

In this assignment, data was collected throughout the experiments. During the egg white experiment, the temperature rose of the egg whites began to increase 80°F, then increase again to 160°F, texture began to become tough and rubber like. During the milk experiment, temperature of the milk began to increase to 80°F, the color stayed the same and the texture began to thicken. During the hair experiment, the hair heated for 5 minutes in the 200, the oven was increased to 225°F. Then heated for another 5 minutes, then the texture of the the hair became stiffer and dry.  

Material:

⦁ 4 eggs

⦁ Two cups of milk  

⦁ Your own hair from a hairbrush

⦁ Small saucepan

⦁ Mixing bowl

⦁ Baking tray  

⦁ Aluminum foil

⦁ Candy Thermometer  

⦁ Stove and Oven

The protein in eggs denatures at 60-70 degrees Celsius, while the protein in milk denatures at 70-80 degrees Celsius. Hair protein typically denatures at temperatures above 150 degrees Celsius. Proteins denature at different temperatures due to their unique structures and compositions. Denaturing proteins can be useful in cooking and research applications.

The protein in eggs denatures at a temperature of around 60-70 degrees Celsius. You can tell that the protein has denatured because the appearance of the egg white changes from clear to opaque white as it cooks.

The protein in milk denatures at a temperature of around 70-80 degrees Celsius. You can observe the denaturation of milk protein by noting a change in the appearance, color, and texture of the milk as it heats up.

The temperature at which hair protein denatures can vary, but it typically occurs at temperatures above 150 degrees Celsius. You can tell that the protein in hair has denatured by observing changes in its appearance and texture, such as a change in color or a brittle texture.

Proteins denature at different temperatures because each protein has a unique structure and composition. The stability of a protein's structure depends on the specific interactions between its amino acids, which can be affected by factors like temperature and pH. Some proteins are more heat-tolerant and have adapted to function at higher temperatures, while others are more sensitive and denature at lower temperatures.

Denaturing a protein can be useful in a variety of contexts. For example, denaturing proteins in food during cooking helps to improve their digestibility and enhance their flavor. In research and biotechnology, denaturing proteins can help to study their structure and function, or to isolate specific protein components.

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I believe that the tectonic plates will continue to move unpredictably for the next 250 million years, which will cause the continents to spread more and to come together a little in a few moments. This movement will continue to cause changes in the relief of all regions of the earth, creating other valleys, volcanoes and mountains as a result.

In relation to life on earth, the movement of tectonic plates may end up creating geographic barriers and separating populations of species that will have to adapt to new regions, evolving and creating new species.

According to the theory of plate tectonics, Earth's crust is moving due to slow convection within the mantle. The movement of these plates contributes to the shifting of continents and the formation of various landforms like mountains, rift valleys, and volcanoes. Future tectonic activities, while hard to predict accurately, may lead to new geographical features and impact life on Earth.

The theory of plate tectonics is a fundamental concept in geology. It dictates that the Earth's crust and upper mantle, divided into numerous large plates, move due to slow convection within the mantle. The plates can interact in four basic ways at their boundaries: pulling apart (like at the Mid-Atlantic ridge), burrowing under one another, sliding alongside, or jamming together.

The repercussions of these movements include the gradual drifting of continents, and the shaping of landforms like mountains, rift valleys, and volcanoes. For instance, the formation of the Alps is a result of the African plate colliding with the Eurasian plate.

Predicting the future movements of these plates and their subsequent impacts on landforms and life on Earth is complex. However, if tectonic activity continues as currently understood, a combination of spreading and clustering of continents might happen. This movement might lead to the formation of new mountain ranges, valleys and possibly trigger more volcanic activity, which could affect the evolution and dispersal of life on Earth.

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Hai there :3 I'm planning to study chemical engineering.

Question related to Biochemistry (Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration)

1. Chemiosmosis.  In the process of chemiosmosis, specific enzymes (such as ATP synthase) create ATP. Hydrogen ions go from a higher proton concentration to a lower one, which is why it's called chemio"osmosis"

2. Electron Transport Chain (ETC). The name says it all. Simply explained, electrons are transported and transferred in the mitochondrial membrane.

3. Oxygen. O2, the diatomic molecule, is essential in respiration. In the final stage of respiration, at the near end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts protons to become water. Cells use O2 during oxidative phosphorylation.

4. NADPH. I remember learning what this acronym means by heart. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen. NADPH is essential in photosynthesis as a typical coenzyme in the reduction of chemical reactions.

Answer: b. Muscles

A metazoa is a division of animal kingdom that includes all animals expect protozoa and sponges. Metazoa division includes multicelluar animals, which exhibit highly differentiated cells. They have muscular and nerve system and well coordinated tissues and organs. Locomotion requires a coordination activity of muscular, skeletal and neural system. It is mainly achieved by contraction and relaxation of muscles that occurs due to specialized muscle proteins named as actin and myosin which receives signals from nerves.

Hence, locomotion in metazoa is due to contraction of muscles.

The levels of organization in the ecosystem are: population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.

When an acid is added to water, hydroxide ions increases.

it decreases. i know this for sure

The correct answer is B

Subduction of a ocean plate.

Aleutian islands extend westward from southern Alaska to form the northern boundary of the Pacific Ocean when the Pacific plate gets subducted under North American Plate at a dip of 45 degrees. The pacific  is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. And thus the correct answer is option B

Answer:

C- Cool water at the surface traps nutrients deep in the lake to provide food during the winter.

Explanation:

In autumn, cool temperatures cause fall turnover in lakes, where cold surface water sinks and mixes with bottom waters, redistributing oxygen and nutrients which are crucial for fish and other organisms to survive through the winter. Option D) which is The water in contact with the air sinks and mixes with the less oxygenated water in the deeper levels is correct answer.

During autumn, as air temperatures drop, the water in lakes cools down, reaching a temperature of about 4 °C, which causes fall turnover. This process involves the heavy, cold water sinking and displacing the water at the bottom, leading to a mixing of the lake's waters. As a result, the oxygen-rich water from the surface descends to the bottom, while nutrients from the lake's bottom are brought up to the top.

This vertical circulation is crucial because during winter, the oxygen at the bottom is necessary for the survival of organisms, particularly fish and decomposers. Additionally, the ice forming on the surface of the lake helps insulate the water beneath, ensuring the survival of aquatic life through the cold season. option D) is the correct answer.

I believe the answer is A

2 is the answer;

1 - alpha has 2 protons and two neutrons and no electrons, and they have a positive charge. Beta particles have high energy electrons and are negative charged.

3 - Gamma radiation is.

4 - Of course not. They don't have 2p and 2n in its nucleus as Helium does.

The answer is "The 160-pound person burns about twice as many calories jogging as she does walking"

Let's put a letter to each statement in order to make it easier to understand.

A - The 200-pound person burns more calories per hour doing aerobics than doing any other exercise shown: False, we can see that the 200-pound person burns more calories per hour doing basketball and jogging than doing aerobics.

B - The 160-pound person burns about 50 calories per mile while jogging: False, we can see that the 160-pound person burns much more than 50 calories per mile while jogging (more than 100 calories).

C - The 200-pound person would need to play volleyball for three hours to burn the same number of calories as he burns in one hour of basketball: False, if the 200-pound person plays volleyball for three hours it will be about 1000 calories burned (burns about 350 per hour playing volleyball).

D - The 160-pound person burns about twice as many calories jogging as she does walking: True, we can see that the 160-pound person burns about 600 calories jogging while she burns almost 300 calories walking.

Have a nice day!

The unemployment rate can be calculated by dividing the number of unemployed people (19) by the labor force (300) and multiplying by 100, resulting in a) 6.3%.

The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons divided by the total labor force, expressed as a percentage.

To determine the unemployment rate, follow these steps:

Hence, the correct answer is a) 6.3%.

Yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning as they are eukaryotic cells. So, the correct option is (D).

Yeast cells are defined as round to elongated cells that reproduce vegetatively by budding or sprouting to produce the mycelium found in some members of the Mucorales.

These are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungi kingdom. The first yeasts originated hundreds of millions of years ago having at least 1,500 species are currently recognized and are estimated to account for 1% of all described fungal species.

These cells are usually used for cloning as host as they are eukaryotic cells.

Thus, Yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning as they are eukaryotic cells. So, the correct option is (D).

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Yeast cells are frequently used in cloning because they are eukaryotic, a fundamental likeness to many other organisms, which aids in genetic engineering. Also, they form colonies easily, allowing researchers to identify successful cloning events and isolate each individual clonal population.

Yeast cells are commonly used as hosts for cloning for several reasons. Firstly, yeast cells are eukaryotic, making them similar to many other organisms in a fundamental way, which is advantageous for genetic engineering purposes. This likeness is key for post-transcriptional modifications, and yeast cells have the necessary machinery to carry out processes such as splicing and polyadenylation.

Secondly, yeast cells can easily form colonies, which makes the identification of successful cloning events easier. By formulating colonies, researchers can isolate and analyze each individual clonal population. This is ideal for experiments in which the effects of a single gene need to be studied in a controlled environment.

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