The term confederation or confederal refers to
a. a system in which most power is with the central government.
b. a system in which state and local governments have equal power with the central government.
c. a national legislature.
d. the southern states where slavery was legal.
e. a voluntary association in which states have most of the power.

Answer:

The expansion of the civil service exam system

Explanation:

The civil service examination system was known as the "Chinese Imperial Examinations". It was meant to point out the best candidates for the state bureaucracy. This were not necessarily new, since the Han dynasty also had similar exams, but it became much more utilized by the Tang Dynasty.

Florence is considered the cradle of the Italian Renaissance due to its wealth, artistic innovation, and intellectual climate.

Florence is considered the cradle of the Italian Renaissance for several reasons. Firstly, the city accumulated extraordinary wealth during the Renaissance period, which allowed for the patronage of artists and the development of artistic and intellectual movements. Additionally, Florence was a center of trade and commerce, attracting wealthy merchants and bankers who were interested in supporting the arts.

Moreover, Florence was a hub of artistic innovation. Filippo Brunelleschi, an architect from Florence, formalized the use of perspective in art, leading to a new realistic style in painting. The city also produced influential thinkers and artists like Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, and Giotto, whose works laid the foundation for the Renaissance.

Lastly, Florence was a city-state that valued individual freedom and citizen participation in government. This atmosphere of liberty and respect for individuals fostered an environment conducive to creativity and intellectual exploration.

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The answer is: 2003 <3 !!

Answer:

To protect the Earth and the living organism from ultraviolet radiation, heat, and to let the oxygen inside the atmosphere.

Explanation:

An atmosphere is a gas layer that surrounds a planet. Especially on Earth is the layer that allows life inside the planet. It maintains the heat of the Sun outside along with the ultraviolet radiation and the solar wind, all things that could harm all life inside the Earth.

I hope this answer helps you.

The main purpose of both documents is to assert the rights and freedoms of the people to form their own governments -- governments which will protect their rights as citizens.

Historical context:

The Declaration of Independence (1776) asserted the American colonies' decision to break away from British government.  It included the same Enlightenment ideals of natural rights and liberties that would characterize the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen produced later (1789) in France.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, which was written by Abbé Sieyès and the Marquis de Lafayette.  Abbé Sieyès was a prominent clergyman in France who supported the rights of the common people.  The Marquis de Lafayette was a member of the nobility who had fought in America's war for independence against Britain. Their document was written in consultation with Thomas Jefferson of the United States, who had drafted the Declaration of Independence.

The middle colonies were dubbed the 'bread basket' due to their extensive grain production, fertile soil, and leading role in the grain trade, which supported their rapid economic growth.

The middle colonies were known as the "bread basket" because of their significant production of grain products, including wheat and flaxseed. This nickname reflects the region's agricultural productivity, which was facilitated by its long growing season and fertile land. Farmers in these colonies were able to sell their grain to both local and international markets, largely contributing to their economic growth. Additionally, the middle colonies experienced rapid economic growth due to the expansion of industries, such as shipbuilding and livestock, which were complementary to the grain trade.

The middle colonies were known as the "bread basket" because they were major producers of grain, especially wheat and flaxseed. The region had a long growing season and fertile land, which allowed farmers to grow a variety of crops and raise livestock. The middle colonies also had a strong merchant class and introduced technological innovations to lower shipping times, stimulating shipbuilding and its associated industries.

Answer:

1492 — Christopher Columbus sails from Spain to the Americas.

Explanation:

Discovery of America is called the historic event of October 12, 1492, consisting of the arrival in America of an expedition led by Christopher Columbus by order of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon. Columbus had left the Port of Palos two months and nine days before and, after crossing the Atlantic Ocean, he arrived at an island in the American continent, Guanahani, believing that he had arrived in India. This fact is one of the fundamental moments of universal history and represents the meeting of two worlds that had evolved independently from the settlement of America.

The lessening of punishment for a wrongdoing is called a reduced sentence.  

The term ‘reduced sentence’ is used to refer to a criminal sentence that has been mitigated. Therefore, it is highly related to make a punishment less severe. Most times a reduction of the sentence involves a reduction of the criminal’s number of years in prison. A judge can give a reduced sentence when the criminal confesses to be guilty at an early stage or when he/she has not commited a crime before.  

The Declaration of Independence justifies the action of declaring independence and establishing a new government when the existing one fails to protect the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

The political philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence centers on the ideas of sovereignty, natural rights, and the social contract, heavily influenced by the Enlightenment thinker John Locke. It postulates that when a government fails to safeguard the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the people have the right to overthrow it. This concept was a pivotal justification for the American colonies' decision to declare independence from Britain.

The Declaration argues that all men are created equal and have certain inalienable rights. If a government should fail to protect these rights, its citizens are not just entitled but obligated to alter or abolish said government. This idea deeply influenced Thomas Jefferson as he drafted the Declaration, underscoring the legitimacy of American colonists in their revolt against British rule and the establishment of an independent government.

Thus, the action that can be justified by the political philosophy of the Declaration of Independence is the action of a people to declare their independence and to establish a new government when the existing one fails to protect their basic rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Answer:

The Automobile and its development  

The American Road became better as the cars that drove along it improved their engineering, roads had to be smooth and building took place throughout the 20th century.  

Explanation:

At first being able to drive a car was the novelty in the beginning of the 1900s but pretty soon the novelty wore off and people began to get angry at the bad bumpy roads. The government started to make the roads better in every state. All across the nation men and machines went to work the on the mud and this gave place to smooth pavement lanes, wide enough for two cars to pass each other in both directions. The roads eventually became longer and they pushed out in every direction.  

The American Road became better as the cars that drove along it improved their engineering. The highways had become an extension of the city. People began to demand comfort and luxury and their transportation now included tires and shock absorbers which took the roughness out of driving interiors, so roads had to be smooth.

According to Howard Johnson, the one effect of the world war 1 on the black community is that the war that has been held enables the black community to strengthen their hopes and connections to the Almighty in which led them to be more connected to the church that made them grow and to cope up with the things happening around them.

The one affect stated by Howard Johnson (may his soul rest in peace) of the war on black community, wasn't that of even more discriminatory abuse from the white population, or any negative affect for that matter. Rather, a spiritual hope was born in these communities and led more people going to church and praying as well as believing in the Almighty.

Answer:

interstate commerce.

Explanation:

The 1920s' prosperity in the U.S. mainly benefited the middle class who experienced rising earnings and consumed more goods due to technological advancements and credit accessibility. However, industrial workers, farmers, and the majority of American families who had limited savings and income lost ground, eventually compounding the economic crisis of the Great Depression.

The 1920s, often referred to as the Roaring Twenties, is seen as a period of prosperity and significant economic growth in the United States. Middle-class Americans, in particular, benefited the most from the prosperity of this era. Rising earnings generated greater disposable income, leading to increased consumption of leisure, entertainment, and consumer goods.

Technological advancements, such as Henry Ford's assembly-line efficiency, led to mass production, making car ownership possible for many Americans. Major retailers were ready to sell new consumer items like vacuum cleaners, refrigerators and electric ovens through credit lines, making domestic life significantly easier. On the other hand, those who did not share in this prosperity included the majority of American families who had virtually no savings.

About 80 percent of American families fell into this category, and only a fraction of the population controlled over a third of the wealth. Industrial workers and farmers also fell behind, with their wages stagnating or declining. This economic inequality deepened as the 1920s progressed. By the time the Great Depression hit in 1930, America's poor distribution of income compounded the economic crisis, causing banks to close and jobs to be lost.

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