Answer:
centimeters
Explanation:
The lithospheric plates move relative to the others at a very slow but continuous speed that is, on average, about five centimeters per year. This movement is ultimately driven by the unequal distribution of heat inside the Earth. The hot material found in the depths of the mantle moves slowly upwards and serves as a part of our planet's internal convection system. Simultaneously, colder and denser sheets of the oceanic lithosphere descend to the mantle, moving the rigid outer layer of the Earth into motion. Finally, the titanic friction between Earth's lithospheric plates generates earthquakes, creates volcanoes and deforms large masses of rock in the mountains. But it causes climate changes to be experienced every million years.
Convergence along the western margin of North America during the Cenozoic gave way to rifting forces that created the characteristic topography of the ________.
a. Coast Ranges
c. Colorado Plateau
b. Basin and Range Province
d. Columbia Plateau
Answer:
b. Basin and Range Province
Explanation:
Due to the force of the tectonic plates that occurred about the 4.5 billion years, the geology of the North American plate reveals the upwelling a the collision of the plants and thus the western U.S has a rough texture as compared to the smooth central and eastern regions. That has created the 12 main geologic provinces like the Columbia Plateau, the Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, the Rocky Mountains, and the Laurentian Upland, Interior Plains, and the Interior Highlands. The colorado plateau lies in the upper northern and the central side and the basin and the provinces cover much of the boundaries of the places along the pacific.Two examples of Earth system interactions are stated below.
Example 1: Erosion of soil by water. Example 2: Transpiration in plants. Which of these statements is correct about the role of the atmosphere in the two examples of Earth system interactions?
A) The atmosphere plays a role in both Example 1 and Example 2.
B) The atmosphere plays a role in Example 1 but not in Example 2.
C) The atmosphere plays a role in Example 2 but not in Example 1.
D)The atmosphere does not play any role in either Example 1 or Example 2.
Answer:D).The atmosphere does not play any role in either Example 1 or Example 2.
Explanation:Erosion of soil by water is the washing away of the top soil and other resident particles by a mass movement of water from one point to another erosion usually causes damage to the soil.
Transpiration in plants is the process through which plants loss water to the surrounding Air environment. The atmosphere is about 11kms from the earth surface s its play any direct role in both examples.
Assuming that the long term rate of displacement along the San Andreas Fault (about 3.5 cm/year) remains the same and that the location of the fault remains the same, how long would it take Los Angeles (on the west side of the fault) to move north 620 kilometers to the position of San Francisco (on the east side of the fault)?
Answer:
17.71 years
Explanation:
As the crust of the San Andrea is continuously moving due to the tectonic activity and is the main manifest of the tectonic boundary of the North America and the pacific plate. This fault along with the pacific plate will move towards the Los angles and eastern San Francisco as it moves about 3.5 cm per year. As 1 km equals to about 100 000 cm , then the distance of 620 km = 62, 000,000 cm and 62,000,000 will be divided by 3.5 equal to 17. 71 years to collide with the eastern side.It would take approximately 17.7 million years for Los Angeles to move to the position of San Francisco along the San Andreas Fault if the rate of displacement remains constant at 3.5 cm/year.
To calculate how long it would take for Los Angeles to move north 620 kilometers to the position of San Francisco at a rate of 3.5 cm/year along the San Andreas Fault, we need to convert the distance to the same units used for the rate of displacement and then divide the distance by the rate. The displacement in centimeters is 620 km × 100,000 cm/km = 62,000,000 cm. Then, divide the total displacement by the rate of movement:
62,000,000 cm ÷ 3.5 cm/year = 17,714,285.7 years
So, it would take approximately 17.7 million years for Los Angeles to move to the position of San Francisco, assuming the rate of movement stays constant along the San Andreas Fault.
The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement of the plates by convection cells in the earth's layers?
Answer: TRUE
Explanation:The Theory of PLATE TECTONIC explains the mass movement of Tectonic plates they move or glide over themselves by convection cell,this theory shows that the Earth's surface is divided into layers which are described as plates.
Three forces have been found to be the drivers of Tectonics plates they include
(1) Convection in the Mantle which
is a heat dependent.
(2) Ridge push which is gravitational force dependent,it leads to the spreading of the ridges.
(3) Slab pull which is gravitational force dependent in subduction zones.
Plate tectonics is the theory that explains the movement of Earth's tectonic plates through convection cells in the mantle, affecting geological features and the global climate.
Explanation:Understanding Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics is a geological theory that explains the movement of Earth's plates and their roles in continental drift, mountain formation, and other large-scale surface phenomena. The Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that glide over the molten mantle beneath. This movement is caused by the convection cells in the mantle, which act like a conveyor belt due to the intense heat from the Earth's core causing the molten rock to circulate. As warm material rises, it cools and sinks back down to be reheated, creating a continual process that drives these plates in different directions.
The movement of these tectonic plates is also crucial in the distribution of heat from the interior of the Earth to the surface, making plate tectonics a key component in the Earth's cooling system. These movements can lead to the formation of various geological features and impact the global climate by changing the patterns of ocean currents and the distribution of heat across the planet. Moreover, the shifting plates can result in natural events like earthquakes and volcanic activities.
Which of the following could threaten an area after the initial shocks from an earthquake subside? a. Fires b. Landslides c. Tsunamis d. Aftershocks e. All of the answer choices are correct
Answer:
e. All of the answer
Explanation:
The Effects of the earthquakes can create and make changes to the surface of the ground and thus they can also affect the surrounding landscapes and thus thy can be dnagerosund thus they threaten and are usually unpredictable and are of a larger magnitude hence they occur in quite seismo areas. And these after shows are believed to last up to 10 years. And thus these help in the prediction of the future shocks.When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source region, called the ________, the spot in Earth's crust where a fault slips.
Answer:
hey there!
Explanation:
called the hypocenter.
The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Also commonly termed the focus.
When a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate, the oceanic plate is forced down towards the asthenosphere in a process known as___________.
Answer:
Subduction
Explanation:
In a convergent plate boundary, two plates move towards each other. The convergence of a continental and an oceanic plate results in the formation of a subduction one, where the denser oceanic plate subducts below the lighter continental plate. The presence of this zone is usually identified by the presence of a narrow depression, commonly known as the oceanic trench. As the plate is forced into the asthenosphere layer, the rocks undergo partial melting, which mixes up with the magma. This magma again rises upward due to the force exerted by the convection current, giving rise to the formation of the volcanoes or volcanic arcs in the over-riding plate.
This process in which the denser plate goes below the less dense one is called the subduction.
Answer:
Subduction
Explanation:
When the two plates collides the thinner and more dense oceanic plate Is forced down in a process called subduction to a much higher temperature Environment.
Even before the proposal of continental drift, paleontologists recognized that some sort of land connection was needed to account for the identical fossil organisms found on multiple continents. Select the correct hypothesis or hypotheses these paleontologists developed.
A) Sea level falling
B) A chain of island stepping stones
C) Floating debris used as rafts and sea level rising
D) A transoceanic land bridge
E) Island stepping stones, transoceanic land bridge, and floating debris used for rafts
Answer:
E) Island stepping stones, transoceanic land bridge, and floating debris used for rafts
Explanation:
It has been found that before the theory of the continental drift the paleontologists recognized the land connect of the various continents of the world that was formed by the multiple fossil and the formed by the transoceanic bridges such as the Bering land bridge, found along the coasts of the Russia and the Alaska and may have been joined by the floating debris that may have been used as raft.After a cold front passes, the temperature ________ and the pressure ________ (relative to the conditions that existed prior to the passage of the front).
a. decreases; increases
b. decreases; decreases
c. increases; decreases
d. increases; increases
Answer:
a. decreases; increases
Explanation:
When a mass of cold air is moving in its advance to another mass of warmer air, it is said that we are in the presence of a COLD FRONT. Associated with the passage of the cold front, there is an increase in pressure (a decrease in pressure is previously recorded), wind rotation, decrease in temperature and humidity, improved visibility and elevation of cloud tops.
The passage of a cold front is not always associated with the occurrence of precipitation. Sometimes a mere increase in cloudiness can be evidenced, and in other cases heavy rains or storms.
After a cold front passes, the temperature typically decreases and the pressure increases. This is due to the cold, dense air of the front replacing the warmer, less dense air that was present beforehand, resulting in increased air pressure.
Explanation:After a cold front passes, the conditions typically change in predictable ways. The temperature normally decreases because the cold air from the front takes over, replacing the warmer air that was present before. At the same time, the pressure usually increases. This is because the dense, cold air associated with the front increases the air pressure relative to the conditions that existed prior to the passage of the front.
So, the correct answer is: After a cold front passes, the temperature decreases and the pressure increases (option a).
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Smaller cities located on the edges of a larger city which often include residential neighborhoods for those working in the area are called_________
Final answer:
The term for smaller cities located on the edges of a larger city, which are more economically complex and include both residential and commercial areas, is known as an 'edge city'.
Explanation:
Smaller cities located on the edges of a larger city that include residential neighborhoods for those working in the larger urban area are known as suburbs. However, the specific term for areas that are more economically complex, often including not only residential areas but also office buildings, shopping and entertainment districts, and even factories, is an edge city. Edge cities are typically found at the intersection of major highways and serve as high-density business districts, sometimes referred to as suburban downtowns. They emerged significantly as commercial hubs in the 1970s, powered by affordable land, efficient highways, and an ample workforce, marking a shift in urban development patterns with many businesses and fewer residents as compared to traditional suburbs.
Which of the following does not determine species' range limits? a) the substrate. b) latitude. c) altitude d) disturbances such as fire. e) all of the above play a role in determine a species' range.
Answer:
Option (E)
Explanation:
A species range is usually defined as the geographical area where any group of particular species dwells during its entire life span. This range of species includes those areas of species migration as well as hibernation.
The range of these species are controlled by different factors such as latitude (such as tropical and polar zones that are marked by vast difference in terms of temperature), heights (like high mountain ranges and plateaus), substrate (a place on which or from where an organism grow), climate ( as it differs from one place to another). In addition to this, forest fire also occurs in the forests that destroys the habitat of these species, and their range of existence is affected.
Thus, a species range is controlled by all the above-given factors.
Hence, the correct answer is option (E).
Final answer:
All the given factors, including substrate, latitude, altitude, and disturbances like fire, do play a role in determining a species' range limits. Changes in biomes on a mountain hike are caused by elevation, rainfall, and temperature, but not by changes in latitude as one ascends.
Explanation:
The substrate, latitude, altitude, and disturbances such as fire all play a role in determining a species' range. Therefore, the answer would be e) all of the above play a role in determine a species' range. It's important to recognize that an ecologist might observe changes in biomes due to various factors like elevation, rainfall, and temperature, but not latitude since this does not change as one hikes up a mountain.
Geographical constraints, physical barriers, climate, and even factors like soil composition and human-induced changes, such as dams, can influence where a species can live and thrive.
What is the significance of Greenwich, England, in the context of latitude and longitude? a. It is the historically agreed-upon starting point for latitude. b. It is the historically agreed-upon starting point for longitude. c. The North Pole is at this location. d. The South Pole is at this location. e. It is the location of the intersection of the 0 degree line of latitude and the 0 degree line of longitude.
Answer:
b. It is the historically agreed-upon starting point for longitude
Religions that tend to be expansionary, seeking to transmit their beliefs to new peoples and areas, are termed:____________
Answer: universalizing
Explanation:
Answer:
Proselytizing religions.
Explanation:
Proselytizing is the action of trying to convert a person to one´s religion, to induce another person to adopt my faith.
Your buddy is an adventurous type who insists you come with her to summit Mt. Everest. You, in turn, insist that, given the plate tectonic settings that generated the world's largest mountain, you both need to be prepared for what types of geologic hazards at base camp?A) strong earthquakes, possible tsunamis, explosive volcanic eruptions
B) mild earthquakes, explosive volcanism
C) mild earthquakes, mild volcanism
D) Strong earthquakes, landslides, minimal (or no) volcanism
Answer:
D) Strong earthquakes, landslides, minimal (or no) volcanism.
Explanation:
Mount Everest which is the earth's highest mountain above sea level, in 1865 got named after the British Sir George Everest. Mount Everest measures 29,035 ft high and it's summit is the border of Nepal to the South and China or Tibet to the north. It was formed by the movement of the Indian tectonic plate pushing up against the Asian plate.
The types of geologic hazards at base camp are:
strong earthquakes, landslides, minimal (or no) volcanism.
The geologic hazards to prepare for at the base camp of Mt. Everest include strong earthquakes and landslides, with minimal or no volcanism. This is due to the location being at the collision boundary of the Indian and Eurasian plates, not a volcanic region
If you were to prepare for a summit to Mt. Everest, understanding the geologic hazards associated with the region's plate tectonic settings is essential. Mt. Everest is located at the boundary between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This region is known for the Himalayan mountain range, which was formed by the collision of these two tectonic plates.
The correct answer to the hazards you would need to be prepared for at base camp is Strong earthquakes, landslides, and minimal (or no) volcanism (Option D). This is because the area is prone to seismic activity due to ongoing tectonic movements but is not associated with active volcanism like you might find at other plate boundary types such as at convergent boundaries with subduction zones.
Therefore, while preparing for the climb, it is important to consider the potential for strong earthquakes which can trigger landslides in this high and steep terrain. The lack of significant volcanic activity means that concerns such as tsunamis and explosive eruptions are not relevant in this context.
in pakistan rivers are used to irrigate farmland but not in Bangladesh
true or false
Answer:
False
Explanation:
In Pakistan, rivers are used to generate power, but not in Bangladesh.
Both Pakistan and Bangladesh use their river systems for irrigation. The statement that Bangladesh does not use rivers to irrigate its farmland is false.
Explanation:The statement given in the question is false. Both Pakistan and Bangladesh make extensive use of their river systems for the purpose of irrigation. In the case of Pakistan, the Indus River and its many tributaries provide vital irrigation for agricultural land. Similarly, in Bangladesh, the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers establish a fertile delta region that is also used intensively for irrigation and farming. Therefore, it's incorrect to say that Bangladesh does not use rivers to irrigate its farmland.
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What two pieces of information would researchers need to have in order to calculate the rate of plate motion for seafloor spreading?
-Distance from the rift and age of seafloor sample
-Type of rock and distance from the rift
-Age of the continent and depth of the water
-Age of the seafloor sample and age of the continent
Answer:
Distance from the rift and age of seafloor sample
Explanation:
The seafloor spreading occurs along the mid-oceanic ridges and here the new crust is formed and thus moves gradually away from the ridge. The spreading can be determined by the age of the rocks and the age of the seafloor and the type of the rock associated with the distance from the rift.The dissolved materials in seawater are thought to originate from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and also from ________.
a) benthonic.
b) plankton.
c) out-gassing of elements from Earth's interior.
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
The out-gassing is usually defined as the process by which gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen are released during the release of pressure from the earth's molten rocks. This process takes place due to the increase in temperature. These gases are responsible for the formation of the atmosphere over millions of years.
Thus, the dissolved materials that are found in the seawater are mainly originated from the out-gassing of elements from the interior of the earth and also from the chemical weathering of rocks on the continents.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
What is unique about China’s geography and population? Describe how sources of legitimacy have changed throughout China’s history according to the type of rule.
Answer:
China is the country with the biggest population all around the world.
Explanation:
Even is the third in size, it possess a great population. 20 % of it population live in the small towns, meanwhile the rest live in big cities. Since is an old country, its name "Zhongghuó" that is its original name in Chinese, means central because ancient cultures thought they were the center of the hole planet.
In the XIX century, China was a poor country, but in 1949, when socialism enter in it system, they were different political, economical and social changes than in 1970´s it started to be a very important country, nowadays it is powerful, rich and organized country.
At the west side is unique because it is localized the highest mountains. Actually, is a country in which the 43 % is made by mountains.
Hope this info is useful.
During the process of seafloor spreading Choose one:
A. seafloor is neither formed nor destroyed but spreads apart at ridges.
B. new seafloor is formed at ridges and destroyed at trenches.
C. seafloor is neither formed nor destroyed and total seafloor volume stays constant.
D. new seafloor is formed at trenches and destroyed at ridges.
During the process of seafloor spreading, new seafloor is formed at ridges and destroyed at trenches. Hence, option B is correct.
What is seafloor spreading?When the seafloor spreads, tectonic plates, which are huge portions of the Earth's lithosphere, split apart from one another. Seafloor spreading and other tectonic activity processes are caused by mantle convection.
Seafloor spreading is the method by which fresh seabed lithosphere is continuously created along mid-ocean ridges. The Harry Hess-proposed theory has been validated by both the patterns of magnetic field polarity retained in the basalt on the seafloor and the age dating of the rocks.
These days, it refers to the mechanisms by which plates separate and form new oceanic lithosphere. Seafloor spreading significantly affects the chemistry and biology of the planet by repairing the lithosphere that was destroyed by subduction.
Thus, option B is correct.
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Which statement best explains how the astrolabe made voyages of exploration possible?
a. It kept crews from getting sick.
b. It helped sailors steer around rocky coasts.
c. It allowed sailors to know their north-south location.
d. It aided navigators in predicting the weather.
Answer:
c. It allowed sailors to know their north-south location
Explanation:
The astrolabe is an instrument that is used for the calculation of the astronomical values and is thus used to show the direction and the navigation purposes and hence it determines the latitude and altitude on the land and the seas. And are useful for the time and the calendar conversion of the day and the night.Answer: I think the answer is C Hope this Helps!!
The XYZ Company is considering updating the equipment they use to build hot air balloons. What steps should they take to ensure that their investment in new equipment is the best choice? Your answer should be in complete sentences and at least one hundred words.
A project should be such that it should give the company a good return on investment.
Explanation:
First we need to asses the reality of the business
A company should under what it is looking for whether it wants to increase the productivity or change the equipment that are being used.
External consultant point of view
While investing in a large scale we should always consult an external who would help you to understand the needs as well as give you a proper path. Also help you to use your resources properly.
Investment in updated technologies
While investing in a new equipment the company should keep in mind whether it is updated one or not because the updated equipment will help in more production as well as help in earning profit.
Cost saving
While investing in new equipment we always need to keep in mind the cost benefit analysis . If we are getting more benefit than the cost then it is the good proposal but if the cost is more than the benefit then it would be advisable not to invest in that business.
Increase the productivity
Most important factor while investing in an equipment is that to see whether the equipment will help the company to produce in huge amount or not . Also we need to see whether it would be able to fulfill the demand of the consumers or not.
When a volcano erupts, particles of rock and ash are released into the atmosphere. After this, water droplets form around the rock and ash particles and fall to Earth as rain. The rainwater helps plants grow. True or false?
True, volcanic eruptions release rock and ash that can facilitate rain droplet formation; this rain can contribute to plant growth by adding minerals to the soil. Volcanic activities have both immediate and long-term effects on global climate and weather patterns.
Explanation:True, when a volcano erupts, particles of rock and ash are spewed into the atmosphere. These particles can serve as nuclei for water droplet formation, leading to precipitation. Once this volcanic ash-laden rain falls, it can indeed help plants grow, as the materials from the volcanic ash can contribute valuable minerals to the soil, enhancing its fertility.
Volcanic eruptions function as a natural driver of climate change, releasing gases and solids that influence climate over a period of years. Besides water vapor, these emissions include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, eruptions typically result in a short-term cooling followed by longer-term impacts on weather patterns and climate.
While the immediate aftermath of a volcanic eruption is hazardous, the release of volcanic ash and gases has shaped Earth's atmosphere and climate over geological time spans. The water cycle, consisting of evaporation driven by the Sun and precipitation influenced by gravity, plays a pivotal role in returning water from the atmosphere back to Earth's surface, replenishing ecosystems and aiding in plant growth.
Geography is divided into two broad categories - physical and supernatural. Geography is divided into two broad categories - physical and supernatural. True False
Answer:
False, human and physical
Explanation:
Active volcanoes are found on all continents except Australia. Volcanoes even erupt under the ice on Antarctica! Do you live near a volcano?
Answer:
no
Explanation:
On a cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is compressed into one year, when did the dinosaurs become extinct, given that they became extinct 64 million years ago?
Answer:
december 30 is when the dinosaurs became extinct
On a cosmic calendar, the extinction of dinosaurs around 65 to 66 million years ago corresponds to approximately December 26th or 27th, at the transition from the Cretaceous period to the Cenozoic Era, due to a massive asteroid impact.
The question concerns the representation of the history of the universe on a cosmic calendar, where the universe's 13.8 billion-year lifespan is condensed into a single year. The dinosaurs became extinct approximately 65 to 66 million years ago, which, on this cosmic calendar, is roughly equivalent to December 26th or 27th. This extinction marked the end of the Cretaceous period and resulted from a catastrophic event, widely believed to be the impact of a large asteroid near modern-day Mexico. This impact caused dramatic climate changes, culminating in the mass extinction event where many species, including dinosaurs, perished. The end of the Mesozoic Era, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs, gave way to the rise of mammals and the Cenozoic Era that followed.
Alternating parallel bands of normal and reversed magnetic polarity are found in the basaltic bedrock on either side of 1. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 2. Yellowstone Hot Spot 3. San Andreas Fault 4. Peru-Chile Trench
Answer:
1. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Explanation:
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge that extends into the South Atlantic Ocean between the South American and African Plates.
Alternating parallel bands of normal and reversed magnetic polarity is found here because basalt contains little magnetic particles that take on the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field at the time of eruption.
These bands are like stripes which shows up on the ocean floor when these variations are mapped.
Although these devices can be of great value to archaeologists, some users of this popular type of magnetism-based remote-sensing device illegally dig holes and destroy archaeological sites without reporting the finds that they make _______.
Answer: Metal Detectors
Explanation: Metal detectors are inexpensive and easy to use equipment used to discover relics of the past. While it is useful in archaeology as a tool that discovers objects from the past quite easily, it is also a threat to archaeology. Some hobbyists and looters who come across archaeological finds which may be important to understanding past civilizations or a different era do not report these finds. Even worse, some looters knowingly infringe on archaeological sites and are aided by the metal detectors.
Which energy source is the biggest polluter in London? a. coal b. natural gas c. nuclear solar d. hydroelectricity
Answer:
Natural gas
Explanation:
Since natural gas accounts for the largest source of energy used. It takes up to 45 percent of energy needs demanded by the London populace. Most energy needs are met by fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas. Natural gas aids air pollution and emission of greenhouse gases GHG over London in substantial amounts.
Coal is the biggest pollution-causing energy source in London. Therefore, the correct option is A.
Coal is a fossil fuel that releases a significant amount of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants when burned for energy generation. These emissions contribute to air pollution and have negative impacts on air quality and human health.
The use of coal as an energy source is associated with high levels of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Natural gas, nuclear, solar, and hydroelectricity are generally considered cleaner energy sources compared to coal, with lower emissions and environmental impacts.
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Identify the true statement. Choose one: A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill. B. Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake shaking. C. Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is called a turbidity current. D. The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump block.
Answer:
A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill
Explanation:
The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediment can be piled without sliding downward. The angle is also known as critical angle . At this angle the unconsolidated sediments are at the verge of slumping . The angle between the surface of the piled sediments and the horizontal surface is the angle of the repose. At this angle the unconsolidated sediments have reached it limit of accommodating more materials unless it will slump downward.
The make up of the unconsolidated sediments can affect the angle of repose as rounded and fined gained rocks cannot be piled as rough texture d rock materials. The angle of repose can also be affected by the amount of solvents in the sediment. Various rocks sediments possess different angle of repose. Same sediment material can possess different angle of repose if the water contents varies .Example, the angle of repose for sand varies depending on the water contents. The true statement is option A.
The picture above illustrate the angle of repose.
Geological evidence suggests that many millions of years ago, the Amazon basin drained toward the west rather than the east. What caused this drainage reversal?
a rise in the global sea level
a lowering in the global sea level
the rise of the Andes Mountains
global climate change
Answer:
the rise of the Andes Mountains
Explanation:
Geological studies in the area suggest that the Amazon River originated during the Miocene about 11.3-11.8 million years ago, first as a transcontinental river at a time when present-day South America and Africa were united in western Gondwana. It is believed that it flowed from east to west, and not the other way around.
The elevation of the land and the formation of the Andes towards the end of the Cretaceous, as a result of the clash between the Nazca plate and the South American plate, caused the body of water to become an inland sea that gradually acquired swampy characteristics . About 11 million years ago, water began to flow eastward to the lowlands due to the blockage of the flow caused by the Andes, and flowed into the ocean. Its current form dates back 2.4 million years ago.