Answer: 2CO2, 8CO2
Explanation:
During glycolysis one molecule of glucose is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid (3 carbon molecule). Pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl CoA(2 carbon molecule) by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
For each acetic acid that enters the citric acid cycle 2 molecules of CO2 is given off.
For one glucose molecule produces 2 acetyl CoA
2 acetyl groups + 6 NAD+ + 2 FAD + 2 ADP + 2 Pi yields 4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 6 H+ + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP.
Hence 4 molecules of acetic acid is completely oxidized to 8 molecules of CO2.
Final answer:
Each acetic acid molecule that enters the citric acid cycle results in the release of two CO2 molecules, reflecting the removal of both carbon atoms originally present in the acetic acid.
Explanation:
The student's question pertains to how many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced in the citric acid cycle for each acetic acid molecule that enters the cycle. Acetic acid, which becomes part of acetyl-CoA, has two carbon atoms.
During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group (from the acetyl CoA) will eventually release all of its carbon atoms as CO2. Since each acetic acid molecule contributes two carbon atoms to the cycle, and each turn of the cycle produces two CO2 molecules, it follows that for each acetic acid molecule that enters, two CO2 molecules are released.
These CO2 molecules may not be the same ones that entered most recently, but over successive turns of the cycle, all carbon atoms are accounted for and released as CO2.
why did mendeleev not order the periodic table by equal rows and columns
Mendeleev organized the periodic table based on atomic mass and chemical properties, deviating from mass order to group chemically similar elements, which allowed him to predict undiscovered elements.
Dmitri Mendeleev did not order the periodic table by equal rows and columns because, during his arrangement of the elements based on their atomic mass, he discovered that placing elements strictly by mass did not result in a table where elements with similar chemical properties were grouped together. Instead, he noticed a pattern of periodicity, where elements showed repeating properties at certain intervals. To maintain this periodicity and to properly organize elements into groups of similar chemical behaviors, he deviated from strict mass order.
For example, he placed iodine after tellurium despite it being lighter, to align it with chemically similar elements. This arrangement also allowed Mendeleev to predict the existence and properties of elements that were undiscovered at the time, based on the gaps and trends in his table. The columns of Mendeleev's periodic table represent groups and the rows represent periods, each row being more massive than the one above it.
Which of the following is not a correct chemical equation for a double displacement reaction?
A. 2RbNO3 + BeF2 yields Be(NO3)2 + 2RbF
B.CaCl + LiCO3 yields CaCO3 + LiCl
C. Na3PO4 + 3KOH yields 3NaOH + K3PO4
D. 2MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 yields 2MgSO3 + MnI4
Answer:
B. CaCl + LiCO3 yields CaCO3 + LiCl is not correct
It should be CaCl2 + Li2CO3 → 2LiCl + CaCO3
Explanation:
For a reaction to be double displacement reaction there are two things we need to look for
1) There must be an interchange of the group of ions
2) The reactants must dissolve in water to release ions
A. 2RbNO3 + BeF2 yields Be(NO3)2 + 2RbF
2Rb+ + NO3- + Be^2+ + 2F- → Be(NO₃)₂ + 2RbF
This is correct
B. CaCl + LiCO3 yields CaCO3 + LiCl
This is not correct
The correct equation is:
CaCl2 + Li2CO3 → Ca2+ + 2Cl- + 2Li+ + CO3^2- → 2LiCl + CaCO3
C. Na3PO4 + 3KOH yields 3NaOH + K3PO4
3Na+ + PO4^3- + 3K+ + 3OH- → 3NaOH + K3PO4
This is correct
D. 2MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 yields 2MgSO3 + MnI4
2Mg^2+ + 4I- + Mn^4+ + 2SO3^2- → 2 MgSO3 + MnI4
This is correct
Consider the reaction: 2 HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) BaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l); H = –118 kJ. Calculate the change in temperature when 50.0 mL of 0.20 M HCl(aq) and 50.0 mL of 0.10 M Ba(OH)2(aq) are mixed together. The density ofthe solution is 1.00 g/mL and Solution= 4.184 J/g-°C
Answer:
ΔT = 1,41°C
Explanation:
For the reaction:
2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(aq) → BaCl₂(aq) + 2 H₂O(l); ΔH = –118 kJ.
If moles of reaction are:
HCl:
0,0500L×0,20M = 0,01moles
Ba(OH)₂:
0,0500L×0,10M = 0,005moles
The heat produced is:
0,005mol×-118 kJ/mol = -0,59 kJ = -590 J
The temperature increasing is:
Q = -C×m×ΔT
Where Q is heat (-590 J), m is mass of solution (100mL = 100g -density of 1,00g/mL) and ΔT is change in temperature.
Replacing:
-590J = -4,184J/g°C×100g×ΔT
ΔT = 1,41°C
I hope it helps!
A chemical reaction was run in 210.0 mL of H2O. During the reaction, the temperature of the H2O changes from 27.2 oC to 57.6 oC. How much heat (in kJ) did the chemical reaction produce? For H2O, Cp= 4.184 J/(g · oC). Assume the mass of the solution is 210.0 g. Enter your answer as a positive decimal number.
Answer: The quantity of heat produced by the reaction is +26710.656J
Explanation:
Quantity of Heat, Q = mass * specific heat capacity *temperature change
Q = mCpTc, where m= mass, Cp= specific heat capacity, Tc is temperature change
m= 210.0g, Cp=4.184J/(g · oC), Tc= 57.6 - 27.2 = 30.4 oC
Q = 210.0g *4.184J/(g · oC) * 30.4 oC
Q = +26710.656J
Therefore, the quantity of heat produced by the reaction is +26710.656J.
Note: Even though heat is given out by the system and is normally written as a negative value to indicate that heat is lost, the answer is written as a positive decimal number according to instruction.
Which anticholinergic agent is sometimes used to manage motion sickness when delivered by transdermal patch?
Answer:
Scopolamine.
Explanation:
Scopolamine is also known as hyoscine. It is an anticholinergic, oral topical drug which is used to manage, and prevent motion sickness, and acute treatment. It is must be taken to be effective before the onset of motion sickness.
The scopolamine is helps to prevent communication between the vomiting center which is present in the brain, and the nerve of the vestibule by blocking the action of acetylcholine (it is a chemical which nervous used to transmit massage to each other).
What triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Answer: Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepineprine (noradrenaline) are hormones released during the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
The major physiologic triggers of epinephrine and norepinephrine release are stresses, such as physical threat, excitement, noise, bright lights, and high or low ambient temperature.
Explanation:
The nervous system can be divided into two functional parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system causes contraction of skeletal muscles (voluntary actions). The autonomic nervous system controls cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue (involuntary actions). The autonomic nervous system regulates many of the internal organs through a balance of two aspects, or divisions. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division.
Adrenaline/epinephrine is released in response to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It increases heart rate and heart contractility, constricts blood vessels, is a bronchodilator that dilates the bronchi of the lungs to increase air volume in the lungs, and stimulates gluconeogenesis.
The general function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger (fight-or-flight response).
When 12.0 grams of the element carbon react with 4.00 grams of element hydrogen, natural gas is produced. There is no leftover carbon or hydrogen when these quantities are used. How much carbon and hydrogen would you need to make 100.0 grams of natural gas.
Answer: 75g of Carbon and 25g of Hydrogen
Explanation: the ratio of carbon to hydrogen is 12:4
Total ratio = 16
Mass of carbon in the natural gas
= (12/16) x 100 = 75g
Mass of Hydrogen in the natural gas = (4/16) x 100 = 25g
When 200. mL of water are added to 100. mL of 12% KCl solution the final concentration of KCl is ______.(Assume the volumes add)
a) 4.0%. b) 36%. c) 12%. d) 8.0%. e) 6.0%.
Answer:
The final concentration of KCl is 4%
Explanation:
This is a solution with KCl and water.
12% it's a way of concentration that indicates, that in 100 mL of solution, we have 12 g of solute.
If we add 200 mL to this solution, we also have 12 g of solute but now, we have to calculate the new concentration.
New volume = 100 mL + 200 mL → 300 mL
Let's make a rule of three
In 300 mL we have 12 g of solute
In 100 mL we have (100 .12) / 300 = 4
The compounds in alcohol that contribute to hangover symptoms are called __________.
Answer: Ethanol
Explanation: When we consume alcohol (ethanol), the ethanol has a wide range of effects on the body and it also metabolize in the liver producing acetaldehyde which is believed to be a main cause of hangover
Congeners, which are toxic chemical by-products formed during the production of alcohol, contribute to hangover symptoms. High levels of congeners can exacerbate the depressant effects of alcohol and lead to severe hangover symptoms.
Explanation:The compounds in alcohol that contribute to hangover symptoms are called congeners. These are toxic chemical by-products that are formed in small amounts when alcohol, specifically ethanol, is produced. Drinks with high quantities of congeners, such as red wine, whiskey, and tequila, are associated with more severe hangover symptoms. Congeners are thought to exacerbate the effects of the more commonly known depressant effects of alcohol, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, headache, nausea, and dizziness.
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Which one of the following statements is true for an atom that has full s and p orbitals in its outermost energy level?
A. It's highly reactive only with halogens.
B. It has a stable octet and is unreactive.
C. It's highly reactive only with alkali metals.
D. It can be combined with most elements.
Answer:
B. It has a stable octet and is unreactive.
Explanation:
s orbital contains 2 electrons and p contains 6. When the outermost energy level of an element has a total of 8 electrons we call it stable octet and it is unreactive. Therefore the answer is B
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
For example the element with configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 which is Neon, an inert.
It has a stable 8 electrons in its outermost shell which makes it stable.
How many unpaired electrons are contained in each element: (a) chlorine, (b) selenium, (c) cesium, and (d) phosphorus?
Answer:Se-2, Cl-1, Cs-1, P-1
Explanation:
Let us consider the groups the elements belong to
Se- group 16, ns2np4- two unpaired valence electrons
Cl- group 17, ns2np5- 1 unpaired electron
Cs-group 1, ns1- one unpaired electron
P-group 15- ns2np3- three unpaired valence electrons
Chlorine has 1 unpaired electron, selenium has 2, cesium has 0, and phosphorus has 3.
In chlorine, there is 1 unpaired electron.
In selenium, there are 2 unpaired electrons.
In cesium, there are 0 unpaired electrons.
In phosphorus, there are 3 unpaired electrons.
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Assuming the metals lose all their valence electrons and the nonmetals gain electrons to complete the s-p subshells, which listing below shows the correct information for the element?Elements Electron Structure of Atom Electron Structure of Ion Net Ion Charge:1. sodium 1s22s22p63s1 1s22s22p6 -12. fluorine 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p6 -13. aluminum 1s22s22p63s23p1 1s22s22p6 +3a. The listing for sodium is correct.b. The listing for fluorine is correct.c. The listing for aluminum is correct.d. None of these
Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Atomic number of sodium is 11 and its electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}[/tex]. When sodium loses one electron then it will attain +1 charge and its electronic configuration will be as follows.
[tex]Na^{+}[/tex] : [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}[/tex]
Atomic number of fluorine is 9 and its electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}[/tex]. When fluorine gains an electron then it acquires -1 charge and its electronic configuration is as follows.
[tex]F^{-}[/tex] : [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}[/tex]
Atomic number of aluminium is 13 and its electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}[/tex]. When aluminium loses its valence electrons then it acquires +3 charge and its electronic configuration is as follows.
[tex]Al^{3+}[/tex] : [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that the listing for aluminum is correct.
Final answer:
The correct listing according to the electron structures of atoms and ions is for aluminum, which has an atomic structure of 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¹ and as an ion it has a structure of 1s²2s²2p¶ with a net charge of +3.
Explanation:
The student has asked to identify the correct listing of electron structure of an atom and the resulting ion, as well as the net ion charge for sodium, fluorine, and aluminum. In the case of sodium (Na), the atom has an electronic structure of 1s²2s²2p¶3s¹ and the sodium ion will have a structure of 1s²2s²2p¶ with a net charge of +1 after losing one valence electron. For fluorine, the atom has a structure of 1s²2s²2p¶4 and as a fluoride ion, it gains one electron to complete its valence shell, resulting in 1s²2s²2p¶ and a -1 charge. Lastly, aluminum (Al) has an electronic structure of 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¹. When it forms an ion, it loses three electrons becoming 1s²2s²2p¶ with a net charge of +3. Based on this information, choice c, the listing for aluminum is correct.
A chemist must prepare of sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of at . He will do this in three steps: Fill a volumetric flask about halfway with distilled water. Weigh out a small amount of solid sodium hydroxide and add it to the flask. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water. Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step.
Answer:
0.0400 g for the example given below.
Explanation:
pH value is not provided, so we'll solve this problem in a general case and then we will use an example to justify it.
By definition, [tex]pH = -log[H_3O^+][/tex].NaOH is a strong base, as it's a hydroxide formed with a group 1A metal, so it dissociates fully in water by the equation: [tex]NaOH (aq)\rightarrow Na^+ (aq) + OH^- (aq)[/tex].From the equation above, using stoichiometry we can tell that the molarity of hydroxide is equal to the molarity of NaOH: [tex][NaOH] = [OH^-][/tex].Concentration of hydroxide is then equal to the ratio of moles of NaOH and the volume of the given solution. Moles themselves are equal to mass over molar mass, so we obtain: [tex][OH^-] = [NaOH] = \frac{n_{NaOH}}{V} = \frac{m_{NaOH}}{M_{NaOH}V}[/tex].We also know that [tex]pOH = 14.00 - pH = -log[NaOH][/tex]. Take the antilog of both sides: [tex]10^{-pOH} = 10^{pH - 14.00} = [NaOH] = \frac{m_{NaOH}}{M_{NaOH}V}[/tex].Solve for the mass of NaOH: [tex]m_{NaOH} = 10^{pH - 14.00}\cdot M_{NaOH}\cdot V[/tex].Now, let's say that pH is given as 12.00 and we use a 100-ml volumetric flask. Then we would obtain:
[tex]m_{NaOH} = 10^{12.00 - 14.00}\cdot 39.997 g/mol\cdot 0.100 L = 0.0400 g[/tex]
The mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out depends on the volume of the solution.
Explanation:To calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step, we can use the equation:
Mass NaOH = Molarity x Volume x Molar mass
From the given information, the chemist wants to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 14, which corresponds to a concentration of 1.0 M. The volume of the solution is not provided, so we cannot calculate the exact mass of sodium hydroxide. We need this volume information to proceed with the calculation.
Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. under certain reaction conditions, 2,3−dibromobutane reacts with two equivalents of base to give three products, each of which contains two new π bonds. product a has two sp hybridized carbon atoms, product b has one sp hybridized carbon atom, and product c has none. what is the structure of b?
Answer:
Explanation:
According to this. Let's analize the possible products a, b and c.
First, the problem states that we have 2 eq. of base, For this case, let's assume it's KOH. Now, As we are doing a reaction with base, means that this reaction can only take places under conditions of SN2 and E2, a fast reaction that is taking place in only 1 step.
With this in mind, let's analyze product a. This states that it has two sp hybridized carbon, in other words, a triple bond between two carbons. So the product is with no doubt, an alkyne.
Product b has only one sp hybridized carbon, which means that this carbon should cannot be an alkyne because we need two carbon atoms. The only way to have one atom of C sp hybridized, is with two double bonds, so product b would have to a alkene with two double bonds.
Product c do not have sp hybridized carbon, therefore, it only has two double bonds in two different Carbon atoms, so it's another alkene with two double bonds, but in two different atoms of carbon.
Picture attached show the product a, b and c. Hope this can help
In a reaction involving 2,3-dibromobutane and a base, three products with distinct arrangements of π bonds and sp hybridized carbons are formed. Given that Product B has one sp hybridized carbon, it is likely to be 2-butyne.
Explanation:In the reaction of 2,3-dibromobutane with two equivalents of a base, the base will act as a nucleophile and attack the carbon atoms bound to the bromine atoms. This will then form three products, each with two new π bonds. Given that Product B has one sp hybridized carbon atom, it is likely that this product is 2-butyne. 2-butyne has one in which both are on the same side producing a cis- configuration, and one in which they are on opposite sides producing a trans- configuration.
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PLease help!!! Im in the process of taking my final!!!!! HELPPPPP
An unknown element has 3 rings in its Bohr model. It makes 3 bonds to become stable. It is conductive and shiny, but is not toxic. It is used to build many everyday items. What is the unknown element?
Answer:
The answer to your question is Aluminum
Explanation:
Number of clues
1.- If this element has 3 rings in its Bohr model, we are looking for and element located in the third period of the periodic table.
For example Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicate, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine and, Argon.
2.- It makes three bonds to become stable, then we are looking for and element located in the third group like
Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, etc
Conclusion
The element that has both characteristics is Aluminum
When FeC13 is ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen, this reaction takes place. 4FeCl3(sJ 30lgJ ~ 2F~0 (sJ 6Cl2(gJ If 3.00 mol of FeC13 are ignited in the presence of 2.00 mol of 0 2 gas, how much of which reagent is present in excess and therefore remains unreacted
Answer : The reagent present in excess and remains unreacted is, [tex]O_2[/tex]
Solution : Given,
Moles of [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] = 3.00 mole
Moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 2.00 mole
Excess reagent : It is defined as the reactants not completely used up in the reaction.
Limiting reagent : It is defined as the reactants completely used up in the reaction.
Now we have to calculate the limiting and excess reagent.
The balanced chemical reaction is,
[tex]2FeCl_3(s)+O_2(g)\rightarrow 2FeO(s)+3Cl_2(g)[/tex]
From the balanced reaction we conclude that
As, 2 moles of [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] react with 1 mole of [tex]O_2[/tex]
So, 3.00 moles of [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] react with [tex]\frac{3.00}{2}=1.5[/tex] moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]
From this we conclude that, [tex]O_2[/tex] is an excess reagent because the given moles are greater than the required moles and [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] is a limiting reagent and it limits the formation of product.
Hence, the reagent present in excess and remains unreacted is, [tex]O_2[/tex]
At 700C (1290F), what is the maximum solubility
(a) of Cu in Ag? (
b) Of Ag in Cu?
Answer:
(a) 4 %; (b) 5 %
Explanation:
We need a Cu-Ag phase diagram to answer these questions (see diagram). Yours may differ slightly from the one I used.
(a) Cu in Ag
The horizontal red line at 700 °C cuts the right-hand solvus at about 4 % Ag-96 % Cu.
At this point, copper is in equilibrium with the eutectic.
At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Cu is about 4 % by mass.
(b) Ag in Cu
The horizontal red line at 700 °C cuts the left-hand solvus at about 5 % Cu-95 % Ag.
At this point, silver is in equilibrium with the eutectic.
At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Ag is about 5 % by mass.
In this exercise we have to calculate the maximum of each component in the solution:
a) 4%
b) 5%
We need a Cu-Ag phase diagram to answer these questions (see diagram). Yours may differ slightly from the one I used.
(a) Cu in Ag
The horizontal red line at 700 °C cuts the right-hand solvus at about 4 % Ag-96 % Cu.
At this point, copper is in equilibrium with the eutectic.
At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Cu is about 4 % by mass.
(b) Ag in Cu
The horizontal red line at 700 °C cuts the left-hand solvus at about 5 % Cu-95 % Ag.
At this point, silver is in equilibrium with the eutectic.
At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Ag is about 5 % by mass.
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Fe + CuSO4 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 is a balanced equation for the redox reaction true false
Answer:
False. The balance equation for the redox reaction is:
2Fe + 3CuSO₄ → 3Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃
Explanation:
Let's think the half reactions:
Fe → Fe³⁺ + 3e⁻
The Fe increase the oxidation state. This is the oxidation, where Fe changes from 0 to +3
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
This is the reduction. Cu changes from 2+ to 0
We multiply the half reaction x2 and x3 to balance the electrons
2Fe → 2Fe³⁺ + 6e⁻
3Cu²⁺ + 3e⁻ → 3Cu
And we sum both
2Fe + 3Cu²⁺ + 6e⁻ → 3Cu + 2Fe³⁺ + 6e⁻
The electrons are cancelled, so the balance reaction is:
2Fe + 3CuSO₄ → 3Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃
The given equation is not balanced for a redox reaction. The statement is false.
Balanced the reaction:
Fe + CuSO₄ → Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃
A redox reaction, also known as an oxidation-reduction reaction, is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between species.
In a redox reaction, one species undergoes oxidation (loses electrons) while another species undergoes reduction (gains electrons).
The oxidation states of the elements involved are:
Fe: 0 → +3
Cu: +2 → 0
S: +6 → +6
O: -2 → -2
Balance the equation by assigning coefficients to the compounds:
Fe + 3CuSO₄ → 3Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃
The balanced equation shows the conservation of mass and charge on both sides of the reaction.
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Decreased gastric production of hydrochloric acid and the resulting shortage of the intrinsic factor cause:_______
a. rheumatoid arthritis.
b. systemic lupus erythematosus.
c. pernicious anemia.
d. autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Answer:C. Penicious anaemia
Explanation: Penicious anaemia is a disease caused by the bodies inability to make enough vitamin B-12 required to produce healthy red blood cells,it is a very rear disease with a 0.1% prevalence in the population,it has a higher of approximately 2% prevalence among the older members of the population especially those above 60years old according to a 2012 medicine study.
The symptoms of this disease include weight loss, memory loss,loss of appetite,heart burn etc
It can be treated with vitamin B-12 drugs or injections,it can be prevented by taking enough foods like Meats, shellfish,eggs, poultry products and vitamin B-12 supplements.
Phospholipids, molecules found within a cell membrane, have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. These regions act in the same manner that hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids act. When phospholipids are found as a sphere in a glass of water, which of the following would you expect:
Answer:
The correct answer is "The hydrophilic heads will point toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails will point away from the water".
Explanation:
The missing options of this question are:
a. The hydrophobic tails will point toward the water, and the hydrophilic heads will point away from the water.
b. The hydrophilic heads will point toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails will point away from the water.
c. Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails will both point toward the water.
d. The hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads will be arranged randomly.
The correct answer is option b. Phospholipids are amphiphilic molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. This characteristic makes them the main component of cell's membrane where the hydrophilic tails point outside and inside the cell, and the hydrophobic tails point within the membrane. If phospholipids are found as a sphere in a glass of water, the hydrophilic heads will point toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails will point away from the water. This is the most stable structure, therefore, this will be the arrangement of the phospholipids.
A reaction between methane and hydrogen sulfide to produce carbon disulfide and hydrogen gas was carried out.
[tex]CH_4(g) + 2H_2S(g) \rightarrow CS_2 (g) + 4H_2(g)[/tex]
A 32.0 g quantity of methane produced 70.0 g of carbon disulfide. What was the percent yield for this reaction?
Answer:
The percent yield for this reaction was 45.98 %
Explanation:
Let's take a look to the reaction:
CH₄(g) + 2H₂S (g) → CS₂ (g) + 4H₂ (g)
We can not apply the limiting reactant's concept, as we don't have any information of H₂S. So let's work only with methane.
To know the moles we must do mass / molar mass
32 g / 16 g/m = 2 moles
Ratio is 1:1, so 2 moles of methane produce 2 moles of disulfide.
Molar mass of CS₂ = 76.12 g/m
Moles . molar mass = 2 m . 76.12 g/m = 152.24 g
This are the moles of gas, with the 100 % yield reaction, we only made 70 g so let's find out the yield percent, by a rule of three.
152.24 g ____ 100 %
70 g _____ (70 . 100) / 45.98 %
The percent yield for the reaction was 46.07%.
The question involves a chemical reaction where methane reacts with hydrogen sulfide to produce carbon disulfide and hydrogen gas. To calculate the percent yield, we first need to determine the theoretical yield of carbon disulfide from the given mass of methane. Using molar mass and stoichiometry from the balanced chemical equation, we find the mass of carbon disulfide that should be produced theoretically. The percent yield is then calculated by dividing the actual yield (in this case, 70.0 g of carbon disulfide) by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100.
First, calculate moles of methane using its molar mass (16.04 g/mol), which equals 32.0 g / 16.04 g/mol = 1.995 moles. According to the chemical equation, one mole of methane produces one mole of carbon disulfide. Therefore, the theoretical yield of carbon disulfide would also be 1.995 moles. The molar mass of carbon disulfide (CS₂) is 76.14 g/mol. Thus, the theoretical yield in grams is 1.995 moles × 76.14 g/mol = 151.91 g.
To find the percent yield, divide the actual yield (70.0 g) by the theoretical yield (151.91 g) and multiply by 100. This gives a percent yield of (70.0 g / 151.91 g) × 100 = 46.07%.
Which of the following chemicals is implicated in both global warming and ozone depletion?a. chlorofluorocarbons b. sulfur dioxide c. nicotine d. radon
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons generally abbreviated as CFCs are a group of organic chemicals used in several household and industrial materials and are responsible for global warming and ozone depletion.
Global warming is the general increase in the atmospheric temperature of the earth continually over the years. It is a direct consequence of climate change which is caused by the continuous release of green house gases into the atmosphere which trap radiated heat from the sun.
Ozone depletion involves anthropogenic activities which lead to decreasing the natural spread of the ozone layer which prevents the direct contact between the sun UV radiation and the earth.
CFCs are implicated in both cases as they are responsible for the two I.e they cause global warming and also deplete the ozone layer. Years back they are basically used in most aerosol cans like perfumes spray, insecticide spray etc. However as a result of the increased knowledge of their dangers, there had been legislations which had cut down on their continuous usage with alternatives being used
The emission spectrum of an element:
A. may be identical to the emission spectrum of another element.
B. is identical to its absorption spectrum.
C. may be identical to the absorption spectrum of another element.
D. is different from any other element's absorption spectrum.
B
The emission spectrum of an element is identical to its absorption spectrum.
Explanation:
This is because a quantum leap of an electron of an atom from one lower energy level to a higher one results in the absorption of a specific wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. When the electron leaps back to the lower energy level, it releases the same wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. This is according to Bohr's theory. Every atom has a signature absorption and emission spectra that are used to identify it.
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PLEASE HELP!!! NEED TO PASS THIS TO THE FIRST SEMESTER!
Are Reaction 1 and 2 balanced? If the reaction is not balanced, then state how you would balance it. Then, provide the balanced equation.
What kind of reaction does each reaction represents?
Answer:
Reaction 1 is balanced but 2 is not balanced , the balance equation are :
1. [tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq) + NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CO_{2}(g) + H_{2}O(l) + CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]
2.[tex]CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_{3}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + 2NaCl(aq) + H_{2}O(aq)[/tex]
Explanation:
Balanced Equations : These are the equation which follows the law of conservation of mass .
The total number of atoms present in reactant is equal to total number of atoms present in product.
1. [tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq) + NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CO_{2}(g) + H_{2}O(l) + CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]
This is acid - base type reaction where
[tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex] act as Acid
[tex] NaHCO_{3}(aq)[/tex] act as weak base
Reactant :[tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex] ,[tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex]
Number of atoms of :
C = 2 ([tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex]) + 1 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])
= 2 + 1
= 3
H = 4([tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex]) + 1 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])
= 4 + 1
5
O = 2([tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex]) + 3 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])
= 5
Na = 1 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])
= 1
Product : [tex]CO_{2}(g)[/tex],[tex]H_{2}O(l)[/tex] , [tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]
Number of atoms :
C = 1([tex]CO_{2}(g)[/tex]) + 2([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex])
= 1 + 2
= 3
H = 2([tex]H_{2}O(l)[/tex]) + 3([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex])
= 2 + 3
= 5
O = 1([tex]H_{2}O(l)[/tex]) + 2([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex])
+2([tex]CO_{2}(g)[/tex]
= 1 + 2 + 2
= 5
Na = 1([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]
= 1
Number of Na =1 , C = 3 , H= 5 and O =5 in both reactant and product , so it is a balanced reaction
2.[tex]CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_{3}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + 2NaCl(aq) + CO_{2}(g)[/tex]
This is double displacement reaction .
Check the balancing in both reactant and products should be :
Na = 2
H = 2
Ca = 1
C = 2
O = 6
Cl = 2
Calcium carbide crystallizes as a cube with 1 calcium ion on each corner and one calcium ion in the center of the cell. There are 8 carbon atoms located along edges of the cell and there are two carbons internal to the cell. What is the formula of calcium carbide?
Answer:
[tex]CaC_2[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that:-
1 calcium ion is at each corner. Also, 1 corner of the unit cell is shared by 8 unit cubes. So, the share of a tom in one unit cell is:- [tex]\frac{1}{8}[/tex]
Also, there are 8 corners in one unit cell.
So, Total number of atoms at corners = [tex]\frac{1}{8}\times 8[/tex] = 1
Number of calcium atoms in the unit cell = 1
Also, given that there are two carbons which are present internally in the unit cell, So,
Number of carbon atoms in the unit cell = 2
Hence, the formula of the calcium carbide is:- [tex]CaC_2[/tex]
Final answer:
The formula for calcium carbide, given the described crystal structure with calcium ions at the corners and center and carbon atoms along edges and internal to the cell, is CaC2.
Explanation:
To determine the formula for calcium carbide given the crystal structure, we must analyze the arrangement of ions in a unit cell. Each corner atom in the cube is shared among eight unit cells, so only 1/8 of each corner atom actually belongs to one specific unit cell. Since there are eight corner atoms, we can calculate that there is effectively one calcium ion from the corners within one unit cell (8 corners × 1/8 each = 1 calcium ion). Additionally, there is one whole calcium ion at the center of the cell. This means there are two calcium ions per unit cell (1 from corners + 1 from center).
For carbon atoms located along the edges, each one is shared by four unit cells, so only 1/4 of each edge atom is within one unit cell. With 8 edge carbons, this amounts to 2 carbon atoms in total (8 edges × 1/4 each = 2 carbon atoms). Plus, the two entirely internal carbon atoms make for a total of four carbon atoms.
Summing up, there are two calcium ions and four carbon atoms in the unit cell, making the formula for calcium carbide CaC2, since the ratio of calcium to carbon in the unit cell is 2:4, which simplifies to 1:2.
A protein that binds to glutathione can be purified using an affinity column where the solid phase is a cellulose matrix covalently attached to the molecule glutathione. What should be included in the elution buffer for this experiment to remove the protein from the column?
Answer:
High concentration of glutathione should be included in the elution buffer for the given experiment to remove protein from the column.
Explanation:
Affinity chromatography is one of important biochemical technique of chromatography which depends on the affinity of ligand for the receptor.Here the ligand is a protein mixture which act as mobile phase and the receptor is present in the wall of chromatography column act as stationary phase.When the protein mixture is applied on the top of the column the substances present within the protein that have high affinity for the receptor present in the walls of chromatography column binds to the later but rest of the protein pass away through the column.High concentration of ligand is used within an buffer solution to remove the desired protein from the column.
From this point of view it can be stated that in the given question high concentration of glutathione should be used to remove the desired protein from the column.
The duration of a ten-year, 10 percent coupon bond when the interest rate is 10 percent is 6.76 years. What happens to the price of the bond if the interest rate falls to 8 percent?
The price of the bond if the interest rate falls to 8 percent is mathematically given as Dp=12.29%
What happens to the price of the bond if the interest rate falls to 8 percent?Question Parameter(s):
The duration of a ten-year, 10 percent coupon bond when the interest rate is 10 percent is 6.76 years.
Generally, the equation for the Price change is mathematically given as
Dp=Duration*change in interest/initial interest rate
Thereofore
Dp=-6.76*(-0.18)/1.1
Dp=12.29
In conclusion,the price of the bond
Dp=12.29%
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The price of a bond is inversely proportional to the interest rate. If the interest rate decreases, the price of the bond increases. In this case, a drop in interest rates from 10 percent to 8 percent will cause the price of the bond to rise above its face value.
Explanation:The price of a bond is inversely proportional to the interest rate. This means that if the interest rate falls, the price of the bond increases. The reason is that the fixed payments from the bond become more attractive compared to other investments with the now lower interest rate. Assuming that our bond does not have any features that would otherwise impact its valuation, and that it makes annual payments, a drop in interest rates from 10 percent to 8 percent would cause the price of the bond to rise above its face value. The exact amount would depend on the specific financial calculations involved in bond pricing.
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When reacting with an atom of fluorine, an atom of lithium will lose an electron and become a lithium
a. crystal
b. molecule
c. compound
d. ion
When reacting with an atom of fluorine, an atom of lithium will lose an electron and become a lithium ion.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Most of the chemical reactions or diffusion occurs by transfer of electrons among the elements combining to form a material. So depending on the type of bonding existed in any molecule, the strength of the bonding and its directionality can be measured.
Basically two or mole elements combine to form a compound and in this process, one of the element need to give some amount of electron to the other elements. And this transfer of electrons can be known from their oxidation state. As the element is giving or taking an electron from/to other element, that corresponding donating element and receiving element will be termed as ions from atoms.
So, the element which has the tendency to give electron easily will form positive ions and similarly, the element which is known for attracting electrons towards itself is termed as negative ions. So in this case, on reaction of fluorine with lithium, the lithium will lose an electron and become a lithium ion.
Latent heat is used to: 1. form chemical bonds. 2. change molecular structure. 3. change states of matter. 4. change the temperature of a substance. 5. break chemical bonds.
Answer : The correct option is, (3) change states of matter.
Explanation :
Latent heat : It is defined as the heat required to convert the solid into liquid or vapor and a liquid into a vapor without changing the temperature.
There are two types of latent heat.
(1) Latent heat of fusion
(2) Latent heat of vaporization
Latent heat of fusion : It is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the solid converted to liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point.
Latent heat of vaporization : It is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the liquid converted to vapor at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.
Hence, latent heat is used to change states of matter.
Latent heat refers to the energy absorbed or released during phase changes in substances without affecting temperature. It plays a crucial part in transforming the phase of the matter from solid, liquid to gas, and vice versa by breaking and forming bonds between particles.
Explanation:Understanding Latent Heat
Latent heat refers to the energy entered or left in a system during a phase change, without causing a change in the system's temperature. Different substances undergo phase changes at fixed temperatures, commonly known as boiling and freezing points. During these phase changes, heat is either absorbed or released without affecting the temperature of the substance itself.
Role of Latent Heat in Phase Changes
The three common phases of matter include solid, liquid, and gas. The process of transitioning from one phase to another is principally guided by the latent heat. For example, latent heat is absorbed during the processes of melting (solid to liquid) and vaporization (liquid to gas). On the contrary, it is released during freezing (liquid to solid) and condensation (gas to liquid). It's also noteworthy that the amount of latent heat involved during phase changes is primarily conditioned by the substance's molecular forces.
Latent Heat in Chemical Bonds
Correspondingly, latent heat is involved in breaking and forming the bonds between particles during phase changes. When a solid is melted, for example, energy is employed to break the bonds between the solid's particles, with no temperature change until the phase change is completed.
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1s22s22p63s23p6 How many unpaired electrons are in the atom represented by the electron configuration above?
Answer:
0
Explanation:
There are no unpaired electrons in the given element. It must be noted that for the atom above, we have even numbered electrons. The total electron we are having here is 18.
Now, we must also know that while the s orbital is not degenerate, the P orbital is degenerate. What this mean is that the p orbital is broken down into three different sub orbitals which is the Px , Py and Pz. Hence we can see that there are 6 electrons to enter into the P orbital too.
We can see that all the S orbitals have been completely filled with two electrons alike each. This is also the case for the P orbital as the 3 suborbitals take in 2 each to give a total of six
The number of unpaired electrons in the atom represented by the electron configuration - 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ is zero.
Electronic configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons within the atomic orbitals of an atom. It provides a description of how electrons are distributed among the various energy levels and sublevels within an atom.
The electronic configuration is typically represented using a notation that indicates the principal energy level (n) and the sublevel (s, p, d, f) in which the electrons are located. Each sublevel can hold a specific number of electrons: s sublevel holds 2 electrons, p sublevel holds 6 electrons, d sublevel holds 10 electrons, and f sublevel holds 14 electrons.
To determine the number of unpaired electrons, we need to examine the electron configuration in terms of its orbital filling. In this case, all the orbitals up to the 3p sublevel are completely filled with electrons. Neon is an example of a noble gas with a full valence shell, making it stable and unreactive.
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