Answer:
Th correct answer is A. Capsid
Explanation:
T-2 phage is a bacteriophage which is virulent to E.coli which means T2 phage infects E.coli. The genetic material of T2 phage is linear DNA which is double-stranded. The genetic material of T2 phage is enclosed in a protein coat which is called capsid.
This capsid protects the genetic material of bacteriophage by any enzymatic digestion, helps the virus to attach the host cell and helps the virion to penetrate the cell membrane of the host cell and inject its genetic material in the host cell. Therefore capsid is the correct answer.
A non-critical surface that does not penetrate tissue, but requires the use of barriers to prevent cross-contamination, includes the:
Answer:Film placement instruments.
Explanation:
Trypsinogen is split by the enzyme enterokinase to form an activated molecule of the protease trypsin. Which of the following would confirm that the activation of trypsin is an example of how a positive feedback mechanism can amplify a biological process?
Trypsinogen is split by the enzyme enterokinase to form an activated molecule of the protease trypsin. Which of the following would confirm that the activation of trypsin is an example of how a positive feedback mechanism can amplify a biological process?
A. The activated trypsin enzyme can use enterokinase as a substrate
B. The trypsin produced by the reaction is capable of splitting and activating additional trypsinogen molecules
C. If levels of trypsin were to get too high, the trypsin molecules would inhibit the enzyme enterokinase
D. Each mRNA molecule that codes for trypsinogen can be translated repeatedly to form many peptide molecules
Answer:Trypsinogen molecules are first split into the active enzyme Trypsin by enterokinase. Then the Trypsin being a protease itself, works on Trypsinogens and converts them to Trypsin. Thus this is a positive feedback.
Option B
Explanation:Trypsinogen is a proenzyme which is secreted by pancreas into the duodenum. Enterokinase is a intestinal enzyme that is secreted from the small intestinal glands. Enterokinase works on the Trypsinogens to convert them into trypsin by splitting a peptide chain from the proenzyme. This trypsin then digests a variety of proteins and peptides from diet.
Trypsin is a protease and the proenzyme Trypsinogen is a protein. So trypsin works on the secreted trypsinogens too and amplify the production of trypsin from the trypsinogens to enhance the digestion process. Thus, a positive feedback chain is seen here.
When I look at things underwater they often seem ______________ than when I look at them on the surface.
Answer: nearer
Explanation:
Underwater, objects appear NEARER than they really are on the surface DUE to Total Internal Reflection.
This phenomenon is best explained by the bending of light wave as it travels from one medium to another, making the APPARENT depth differ from the REAL depth.
Objects underwater appear closer and larger due to refraction of light, and everything looks blue due to the absorption of other wavelengths of light. Goggles improve underwater vision by reducing the effects of refraction.
When looking at things underwater, objects often seem closer and larger than when observed on the surface because of the phenomenon of refraction of light. Light bends towards the normal when it moves from water (denser medium) to air (rarer medium), causing the apparent position of the object to shift, which leads to an object appearing closer than it really is. This is similar to how clear mountain streams appear a little bit deeper than they actually are and is explained by the same principles that describe why objects in some mirrors are closer than they appear. The colors perceived under water also depend on the wavelengths of light that are received by our eyes which explains why everything appears blue underwater. Wearing goggles improves vision underwater because the flat pieces of glass create an air interface, reducing refraction.
Describe three ways that preserving biodiversity can come into conflict with human interests.
Answer:
1. Most of the endangered organisms may represent a source of income.
2. The conservation or preservation may conflict with morals.
3. The role of the species or organisms might not be understood.
Explanation:
Biodiversity simply means the amount or number of living organisms that exist in the world.
The practice of protecting these existing living organisms for specific known purposes is regarded as the preservation or conservation of biodiversity.
This process or practice of preserving biodiversity is important to meet most of the human needs, such as generating income, source of food and fuel among others.
Human interests have always come into conflict with preservation of biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the different species of plants and animals on earth. Human interests have always come into conflict with preservation of biodiversity in many ways such as;
Use of land for agriculture:The quest for more food production due to population explosion has warranted the conversion of many natural habitats into agricultural land thereby displacing the plants and animals that originally occupied the habitat ultimately leading to loss of biodiversity.
Use of land for infrastructural development:The need for building infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, housing units and road construction often involves the destruction of habitats of plants and animals and a consequent loss of biodiversity.
Continuous exploitation of resources:The continuous quest for more timber has led to the disappearance of many species owing to deforestation. Also, many rare species of animals are becoming extinct because they are required in large numbers for different purposes.
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Certain genes have apparently unusual inheritance patterns. For instance, in the mouse autosomal gene H19, only the copy inherited from the mouse's mother is expressed. Conversely, in the mouse autosomal gene Igf2, only the copy inherited from the mouse's father is expressed. The consequence of this is that imprinted genes are expressed as if they were present in only one copy, even though there are two copies of each of these genes in each cell. What process or processes are responsible for this phenomenon
Answer:
Epigenetic inheritance
Explanation:
Epigenetic inheritance are the processes by which heritable modifications in gene function occur but are not due to changes in the base sequence of the DNA of the organism. Examples are paramutation, X-chromosome inactivation, and parental imprinting.
This case is the example of parental imprinting which is an epigenetic phenomenon in which the activity of a gene is dependent on whether the gene was inherited from the father or the mother. Some genes are maternally imprinted, others paternally.
The location of the Krebs cycle enzymes in eukaryotes is in the mitochondria, while in bacteria the enzymes are found in the ______
Answer:
cytoplasm
Explanation:
Bacteria as a prokaryotic cell and prokaryotic cells do not have true nucleus or membrane bounded organelles. Therefore all biological activities takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell as well as the enzymes needed for the synthesis of fatty acid are found in the cytoplasm.
Hello !
The location of the Krebs cycle enzymes in eukaryotes is in the mitochondria, while in bacteria the enzymes are found in Cytoplasme
A small complex organic molecule, often derived from vitamins, that acts in conjunction with an enzyme with an enzyme is known as a(n):
Answer: Coenzymes
Explanation:
Coenzymes are the small organic molecules that are often derived from the vitamins. It can be tightly or loosely bond to the enzymes.
Tighly bond ones are the prothestic groups and loosely bond ones are coenzymes like the products and substrate which binds to the enzyme and get released from it.
This component is very important for any reaction to take place. It bonds to the enzymes and helps in product formation.
A coenzyme is a crucial small organic molecule, often derived from vitamins, that enhances enzyme activity by participating in catalytic reactions. Coenzymes bind to enzymes, assisting in metabolic pathways and are essential for the proper functioning and regulation of enzymes. They underscore the importance of vitamins in the body's metabolic processes.
A small complex organic molecule, often derived from vitamins, that acts in conjunction with an enzyme is known as a coenzyme. Coenzymes are essential for the proper functioning of enzymes, enhancing their activity and allowing them to carry out their roles in various metabolic processes effectively. These molecules, which can either be vitamins themselves or derivatives of vitamins, bind to the enzyme's active site and participate in the catalytic reactions. While some coenzymes may bind permanently to the enzyme, others bind temporarily, assisting in the transfer of atoms or groups of atoms between molecules, thus playing a crucial role in the body's metabolic pathways.
Many of the water-soluble vitamins are used for the synthesis of coenzymes, which underscores the importance of vitamins in nutrition and metabolism. It's interesting to note that while some enzymes require inorganic ions as cofactors, coenzymes represent the organic molecules necessary for the enzyme's activity. Examples of such coenzymes include NAD+/NADH and Coenzyme A, which are vital in redox reactions and metabolic pathways like glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, respectively.
Red-cheeked salamanders are partially protected from predators because of cardiac glycosides they produce from glands on their back. When ingested, cardiac glycosides disrupt normal heart rhythms. A different salamander species, the imitator salamander, also has red cheek patches, but does not produce cardiac glycosides. It does gain protection from predators that have learned to avoid red-cheeked salamanders. How does this relationship affect the population dynamics of both species?
A) The red cheeked salamander is positively affected, the imitator is negatively affected.
B) The red cheeked salamander is negatively affected, the imitator is positively affected.
C) Both species are negatively affected.
D) Both species are positively affected.
Answer:
B) The red cheeked salamander is negatively affected, the imitator is positively affected.
Why is it difficult for scientists to find fossils from the Precambrian period?
A)There are no rocks left on Earth that exist from this period.
B)Life did not exist during this period.
C)The life that existed had soft bodies, which rarely left behind fossils.
D)Scientists cannot date rocks before the Precambrian period.
Answer:
The life that existed had soft bodies, which rarely left behind fossils.
Explanation:
Fossils are formed when the organisms are pressed between layers of rocks. If the organisms are too soft, they will leave only a faint imprint in rocks. The organisms present in the Precambrian period were soft. So fossils of these organisms are difficult to find.
Answer: (C) The life that existed had soft bodies, which rarely left behind fossils.
Explanation: Fossils are formed when the organisms are pressed between layers of rocks. If the organisms are too soft, they will leave only a faint imprint on rocks. The organisms present in the Precambrian period were soft. So, fossils of these organisms are difficult to find.
True or False. Sulfur-reducing bacteria can cause corrosion in neutral anoxic enclosed waste water tanks. Bacteria used to help break down fiber and cellulose in anaerobic environments are found in anaerobic reactors of tertiary wastewater treatment. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are found on the outside of granules used in AST. Phosphorus-accumulating organisms are used in mines in enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Chemolithotrophs are used in leaching through oxidation of materials in aquatic environments.
Answer:
1. FALSE
Sulfur-reducing bacteria can cause corrosion in neutral anoxic enclosed waste water tanks.
2. FALSE
Bacteria used to help break down fiber and cellulose in anaerobic environments are found in anaerobic reactors of tertiary wastewater treatment
3. TRUE
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are found on the outside of granules used in AST.
4 FALSE
Phosphorus-accumulating organisms are used in mines in enhanced biological phosphorus removal
5. FALSE
Chemolithotrophs are used in leaching through oxidation of materials in aquatic environments.
Explanation:
1. Sulfur-reducing bacteria can cause corrosion in neutral anoxic aquatic envrionements
2. Bacteria used to help break down fiber and cellulose in anaerobic environments are found in enclosed waste water tanks.
4. Phosphorus-accumulating organisms are used in anaerobic reactors of tertiary wastewater treatment in enhanced biological phosphorus removal.
5. Chemolithotrophs are used in leaching through oxidation of materials in mines.
TRUE/FALSE
The antiparallel arrangement of double-stranded DNA is due to the phosphate group being bonded to the 3' carbon on one strand and the 5' carbon on the complementary strand.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
A double-helical DNA molecule consists of two DNA strands. A DNA strand has free 5' phosphate at one end and a free hydroxyl group (OH) at its 3' end. A DNA double helix is said to be antiparallel since each end of the double helix has an exposed 5' phosphate on one strand and a free 3' hydroxyl group (OH) on the other. This means that the two DNA strands run in opposite directions. A phosphate group is always esterified to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar; never at its 3' end.
Mucous secretions in the respiratory tract inhibit microbial infections. These secretions are produced by which of the following tissue types found in the lungs?
Answer:
The correct answer is - epithelial tissue.
Explanation:
Mucous secretions are are essential in the immune response as it inhibits the microbial infections such as the bacteria or trap the dust particles that are present in respiratory tract.
Respiratory tract have epithelial tissue that contains cilliated cells or occasionally goblet cells. These cells are secrete mucus that moistens the epithelial cell surface and traps or adhere to the particles or microbes.
Thus, the correct answer is - epithelial tissue.
A group of students are reviewing the various drugs that affect inflammation. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which agent as a mast cell stabilizer?
Answer:
The correct answer is Cromolyn sodium.
Explanation:
Allergy is the process which occurs when our immune cell misinterprets a harmless substance as a harmful agent. The symptoms occur when chemicals like histamine are released by mast cell in response to the allergen which causes inflammation, itchiness, redness, pain.
Cromolyn sodium is a drug which is also known as mast cell stabilizer which stops the allergic symptoms by inhibiting the mast cell to release histamine and other chemicals that cause information. Therefore the correct answer is cromolyn sodium.
Ethylene is an organic compound produced by ripening fruits. In a controlled experiment, researchers found that ethylene gas stimulated the ripening process in newly harvested fruits. Which of the following describes the most likely connection between natural ethylene production and fruit ripening?
(A) As a result of metabolic inactivity, newly harvested fruits are unable to absorb ethylene gas from the atmosphere.(B) Ethylene gas is a chemical signal through which ripening fruits trigger the ripening process in other fruits.(C) Because of normal phenotypic variation, only some of the fruits in a given generation are expected to produce ethylene gas.(D) The rate of ethylene gas production by ripening fruits is an indicator of the relative age of an ecosystem.
Answer:
Option (B) Ethylene gas is a chemical signal through which ripening fruits trigger the ripening process in other fruits.
Explanation:
The ethylene hormone triggers the ripening process of fruit. However, in order to slow down the ripening process the action of ethylene is to be blocked. All fruits are capable to produce ethylene up to a certain level after which they start ripening. There are some classes of fruits that respond to the external ethylene such as apple, mango, tomato etc.
Hence, option B is correct
The following describes the most likely connection between natural ethylene production and fruit ripening - (B) Ethylene gas is a chemical signal through which ripening fruits trigger the ripening process in other fruits.
EthyleneA plant hormone or regulatory hormone found in form of a gaseous compound
Ethylene is a chemical signal through which ripening fruits trigger the ripening process in fruitsethylene signaling have shown a linear transduction pathway leading to the activation of ethylene response factors. Most fruits produce ethylene that starts the ripening process.Its level in under-ripe fruit is very low, but as the fruit develops, the production of ethylene becomes larger that speeds up the ripening process of fruit.Thus, The following describes the most likely connection between natural ethylene production and fruit ripening - (B) Ethylene gas is a chemical signal through which ripening fruits trigger the ripening process in other fruits.
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Increased vasoconstriction has an important role in which of the following situations?A. Causing the decrease in blood pressure associated with faintingB. Increasing blood flow to muscle during exerciseC. Increasing blood flow to skin during blushingD. Maintaining blood pressure during a hemorrhage
Answer:
D. Maintaining blood pressure during a hemorrhage
Explanation:
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels that results in the reduction of blood flow, the resistance of blood increases and the blood pressure goes up. This process is helpful to stabilize blood pressure and to prevent the loss of blood (hemorrhage).
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What is the pattern of expression of β-galactosidase in laci— cells and why?
Answer:
I suggest the complete question is
What is the pattern of expression of β-galactosidase in lacI- cells and why?
A.constitutive expression, because there is norepressor
B. no expression, because the β-galactosidase gene is defective
C. constitutive expression, because the galactoside permease gene is defective
D. no expression, because lactose is absent
The CORRECT ANSWER for pattern of Expression is A
A.constitutive expression, because there is norepressor
Explanation:
LacI- cells have a defective repressor gene. This wil cause the lacZ gene to be expressed even in the absence of lactose.
(It's worthy to Note that when glucose is absent, lacZ is fully expressed)
Which of the following effects would you expect if red blood cells were shaped like neurons?
They would not be able to move as easily through capillaries.
They would more easily carry out gas exchange in the alveoli.
They would not need to be transported through the body.
They would become more effective at picking up urea discarded by body cells.
Answer:
They would not be able to move as easily through capillaries.
Explanation:
The red blood's shape allow them to deformate from a disk to a paraboloid when they travel across capillaries , a neuron's shape wouldn't allow this deformation and therefore blood cells with neuron shape wouldn't reach all places to exchange gases.
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Second-growth forests ________.a) are those forests in the National Parks that are protected from logging b) are forests that establish themselves after virgin timber has been removed from an area c) are less abundant on Earth today than they were 500 years ago d) in North America are mostly in British Columbia and Alaska e) are forests whose timber has second-rate value.
Answer:
Second-growth forests are forests that establish themselves after virgin timber has been removed from an area
Answer b) is the ANSWER
Explanation:
It's also known as secondary forest.
It occurs after a long time in a forest or woodland area where the disturbance factors have been removed over a long period of time. thereby, causing the regrowth of trees
You work hard to pedal your bicycle up a steep hill. You rest when you get to the top, then you let your bicycle roll quickly down the other side of the hill. You converted ________ energy into ________ energy, then you converted it back into ________ energy.
Answer:
Kinetic, potential and kinetic.
Explanation:
Energy helps to do any form of work. Energy can not be created and can not be destroyed. The energy are inter convertible with each other and no energy is lost during this process.
Two main types of energy are potential energy and kinetic energy. Potential energy is present in rest objects whereas kinetic energy is possessed in moving objects. On pedaling a bicycle kinetic energy is used. Dying rest this energy is converted into potential energy and further on rolling of the bicycle requires kinetic energy.
Thus, the answer is kinetic, potential and kinetic.
Develop Models Draw a model to show how the process of photosynthesis impacts both the flow of energy and the cycling of carbon through the atmosphere and biosphere.
Through the use of the atmosphere and the biosphere, photosynthesis is a crucial component of the carbon and energy cycles.
Why photosynthesis is called process?Phototrophs transform sunlight into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis, which is then utilized to power cellular processes. In the form of carbohydrates, which are made from water and carbon dioxide the chemical energy is kept in reserve.
What makes photosynthesis so important?The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform sunlight into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use. This process primarily produces power to the planet's life systems. By the norms of human technology, it is not particularly effective, but it gets the job done.
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Why don't cyanobacteria and bacteria reproduce by mitosis? Because:
a. they are not organisms
b. they are not cells
c. they do not contain chromosomes
d. all of the above
Answer:
They do not contain chromosomes. (Ans.C).
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria also known as blue-green algae, they are heterogeneous group of photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms. Like prokaryotes such as bacteria, cyanobacteria lack endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, membrane bound nucleus, and Golgi apparatus. Bacteria are simpler than other organisms, and single celled microbes.
Both bacteria and cyanobacteria reproduce through the asexual method either by binary fission in unicellular, multiple fission in colonial form or by spore formation, and fragmentation in filamentous species.
Two parallel electrodes that are typically separated by 3cm with a 5V potential difference across them.
What is the magnitude of the electric field between the two electrodes in ionization type detectors?
Answer:
166.7 V/m or 166.7 J/C
Explanation:
The formula for electric field is
volts/distance
Given
volts = 5V
Distance =0.03m
= 5V / 0.03m
= 166.7 V/m
Recall
1 V/m = 1 J/C
The magnitude of the electric field between the two electrodes in ionization type detectors = 166.7 V/m or 166.7 J/C
A similar protein is found in both a bacterial cell and a single-celled eukaryote. However, the prokaryote seems to produce a much higher amount of the protein. A detailed investigation of the control mechanisms of this protein in both organisms would include a comparison of what?
A detailed investigation of the control mechanisms of this protein in both organisms would include a comparison of mechanism of transcriptional control.
Explanation:
Transcription is the process of production of m-RNA's from the DNA. This is the process of initiation of protein production. This process is seen in both prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms, but prokaryotic organisms produce much more protein than the Eukaryotic organisms. This is because of the secretory processes involved in the bacteria.
But in Eukaryotic organisms, there are several regulatory mechanisms which control the transcription. So the protein production is also less. Thus, studying the transcription, we can control the protein production.
Which species of crocodile is the most aggressive and largest living reptile?
Answer:
Crocodylus porosus
Explanation:
Crocodylus porosus, colloquially known in Australia as the saltie, was much more aggressive than six other species of crocodiles selected from around the world.
Answer:
Crocodylus porosus
Explanation:
A study conducted by Charles Darwin University in the Northern Territory found that the Crocodylus porosus, colloquially known in Australia as the saltie, was much more aggressive than six other species of crocodiles selected from around the world.
A small, potentially living object was found. For this object to be considered alive, the object must________.
Answer:
For the object of to be considered alive , it must have DNA and all the characteristics of living things.
Explanation:
If one is to determine whether the object is alive or not the object should possess all the properties of living things. firstly, it should have the genetic material the DNA without which the cell can't be alive or the nucleus in case of PROKARYOTES. it should have the ability to reproduce, move , to grow and to excrete without which it would not be considered alive.
For an object to be considered alive, it must respond to its environment, grow, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, have complex chemistry, consist of cells, and need energy for life processes.
To be classified as a living thing, most scientists agree that an object must exhibit certain characteristics. Among these characteristics, a living organism must: respond to the environment, grow and develop, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, have complex chemistry, and be composed of one or more cells. Additionally, all living organisms require energy to carry out life processes.
For example, a car may move, but it does not grow, reproduce, or maintain homeostasis, making it clearly non-living. Similarly, while a crystal can grow in size, it does not meet the other criteria for life. It’s also important to consider the aspect of self-sustaining biological processes and intentional agency, which are also indicative of life. This helps in distinguishing between living organisms and non-living objects or even parts of organisms, which, though they may exhibit some characteristics of life, are not living entities by themselves.
"The use of weed killers has removed a limiting factor to the size of populations of crop plants."
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Question -
"The use of weed killers has removed a limiting factor to the size of populations of crop plants."
True
Solution -
Weeds are basically unwanted plant species that grow in between the main crop thereby hindering the potential growth of main crops. As the time required by the main crop plant to mature is larger than the time required by the weed plants. Hence, with in a short span of time weed plants multiply thereby consuming essential mineral and nutrients from soil and fertilizers. They also cover the physical area thereby restricting the expansion and development of main crops. Application of weed killer will kill the weeds and remove the limitation hindering the growth of main plant/crop
What is a group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group?
Answer:
Race
Explanation:
Gametes from two plant species combine and produce a haploid zygote. True or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
gametes from two plant species can combine and produce a haploid zygote
Salmonella bacteria can cause humans to have stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. The effect these bacteria have on humans indicates that Salmonella bacteria are:_________(1) predators(2) pathogenic organisms(3) parasitic fungi(4) decomposers
Answer:
2. Pathogenic organisms
Explanation:
Pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella bacteria are capable of causing sicknesses and diseases
Final answer:
Salmonella bacteria causing symptoms like stomach cramps and diarrhea are pathogenic organisms because they lead to illness in humans, known as salmonellosis.
Explanation:
The effect of Salmonella bacteria on humans includes symptoms like stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. These symptoms indicate that Salmonella are pathogenic organisms, which means they are capable of causing illness or disease. Specifically, these bacteria are known for causing salmonellosis, a type of food poisoning, when they are ingested through contaminated food. Salmonella are not predators since they do not hunt for prey, they are not parasitic fungi as they are bacteria and do not live as parasites on fungi, and they are not decomposers since they do not break down dead organic material to obtain nutrients.
using mendel's flower color purpple is dominant, white is recessive, if two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers____________.
The probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers is 3/4 or 75%.
Explanation:The probability of the first two offspring having purple flowers can be determined using Punnett squares, which are a tool used in genetics to predict the outcome of a cross between two organisms. In this case, both parents are heterozygous, meaning they have one dominant allele for purple flowers (P) and one recessive allele for white flowers (p).
When we cross two heterozygous plants, there are four possible combinations of alleles in the offspring: PP, Pp, Pp, and pp. Since purple (P) is dominant over white (p), the only way for an offspring to have purple flowers is if it has at least one dominant allele (P).
Out of the four possible combinations, three have at least one dominant allele (PP, Pp, and Pp). Therefore, the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers is 3/4 or 75%.
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