As India does not have any official language, the people of India did not see themselves as a cohesive whole the way china people did during the classical era.
Explanation:
The classical era or classical age was observed between the 8th century BC and the 6th century AD. The classical era is known for its period of cultural history. The classical era establishes the civilizations for many modern cultures.
There was no official language followed in India during the classical era, so the change that happens in the city was best explained using the musical scene. Only the music was written during the classical period. Chinese was almost used in all parts of China for formal writing during classical period.
What does commodus say to make Maximus truly angry
"They tell me your son squealed like a girl when they nailed him to the cross. And your wife... moaned like a w***e when they ravaged her again and again... and again.
Explanation:
Roman Empire, late 2nd century. Emperor Marcus Aurelius is trying to prevent the barbarian tribes on the northern borders, which is greatly aided by the general Maximus.After winning the battle, the elderly ruler sees his successor in him, although he is awaited in Rome by his birth son, Commodus. Upon learning that he will lose his imperial title his son decides to hasten his ascent to the throne.Unlike his family, general avoids death but does not go into slavery and trains to became a gladiator. General vows to avenge the death of his family in the middle of RomeLearn more on Commodus on
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how are the federalists and anti-federlist debates still relevant today? please use real life examples (court cases etc.)
The federalists wanted a constitution that would be able to defend citizens from abuses of power. But they saw no incompatibility between individual rights and the formation of a minimally structured central power to confront the complex problems. In opposition were the anti-federalists , they insisted that states should be free and independent and saw the creation of the United States as a new form of tyranny.
This is important to show how the US can be free and democratic about the opinions.
If an object has a lot of inertia, how does this affect how easy it is to move that object?
Motion of an object with lot of inertia:
All objects are immune to changes in orientation. This phenomenon is evident in all objects-inertia is present.
Inertia and mass are the major factors.
But are any objects more likely than others to avoid changes? Definitely yes!
There are various masses in the propensity of an object to avoid shifts in its movement. Weight is the quantity that depends only on an object's inertia. The more momentum an object possesses the more mass it has. A bigger body is more likely to stand up to changes in its movement.
Suppose on the physics demonstration bench, there seem to be two matching bricks. Nevertheless, one brick is made of concrete and the other brick is made of steel mould.
How can you say the brick had been the Styrofoam brick by raising the bricks? You should give the bricks the same push to change their movement. Brick with the least strength-and therefore brick with the least weight–is the brick that provides the easiest path.
True or false
Boston police and U.S Steel workers went on strike for higher wages and won
Boston police in US steel workers went on strike for higher wages and won
It is false
During the Industrial Revolution, how did most immigrants choose to live when they arrived in the United States?
Answer:
Most immigrants to the United States during the Industrial Revolution choose to live in urban regions, notably in cities and industrial hubs.
Explanation:
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Urbanization: As factories and industries grew throughout the Industrial Revolution, cities quickly urbanized. In the quest for jobs, immigrants were attracted to these cities and industrial hubs.
2. Job opportunities: Cities provided a variety of employment options in sectors like manufacturing, mining, and construction. Due to the opportunity for economic progress and a better life for themselves and their families, immigrants were drawn to these positions.
3. Ethnic enclaves: Immigrants frequently settled in communities or regions where citizens of the same nation or ethnic group are already called home. In a foreign and strange land, these ethnic enclaves offered a sense of belonging, support, and familiarity. For instance, Little Italy in New York City or Chinatown in San Francisco.
4. Affordable housing: Near factories or places of employment, immigrants frequently resided in tenement buildings or boarding houses. These housing options were more economical for immigrants who wanted to save money and send remittances home, but they were sometimes overcrowded and lacked decent living conditions.
5. Proximity to amenities: Immigrants were able to live in cities where they were accessible to social services, markets, churches, and other necessities like schools and markets. Due to their close proximity, it was simpler for them to get the help and resources they required to adjust to their new life in the United States. The majority of immigrants made the decision to live in urban regions during the Industrial Revolution, particularly in cities and industrial hubs. In search of employment, they established ethnic communities and resided in reasonably priced houses near necessary facilities. Urban centers in the United States at the time grew and developed as a result of this migration pattern.
Chinese migration in the 19th century was MOST likely stimulated by which of these historical developments?
Chinese migration in the 19th century was primarily stimulated by the Taiping Rebellion and industrial development.
Explanation:Chinese migration in the 19th century was primarily stimulated by two key historical developments:
Taiping Rebellion: Between 1850-1864, over 20 million Chinese people died in this civil war, leading to widespread destruction, famine, and hardship that prompted many to flee.Industrial development: The growth of industries in the US during this period attracted migrants from China and other regions, seeking work opportunities.Over the course of his presidency, Ronald Reagan's approach toward the Soviet Union became more
belligerent.
hesitant
dismissive
cooperative
Answer:
cooperative
Explanation:
the answer is actually cooperative on edge 2021
Ronald Reagan's approach toward the Soviet Union evolved from confrontational to cooperative during his presidency, culminating in significant arms control agreements with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
Explanation:Over the course of his presidency, Ronald Reagan's approach toward the Soviet Union became more cooperative. Despite initially adopting a hardline stance against the Soviet Union by branding it an "evil empire" and embarking on a significant military buildup, Reagan later engaged in major diplomatic efforts to reduce nuclear armaments and improve relations. After Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Reagan found in him a willing partner for dialog.
Reagan and Gorbachev met on several occasions, leading to significant arms reduction agreements, such as the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, which sought to eliminate an entire class of nuclear weapons. They also had meetings in Geneva and Reykjavík that laid the groundwork for future disarmament. These actions reflected a shift from Reagan's initial strategy to a focus on arms control and reducing tensions between the superpowers.
What example if judical review of state laws is breifly explain
In the field of constitutional law, judicial review gives the power to the courts to examine the actions of all three branches of power in parliamentary democracy - judicial, executive and legislative, and to see if those actions are in consistence with the constitution. In the United States of America, the Supreme Court is in charge of determing whether regulations or laws follow the word of Constitution.
If there are inconsistencies with the Constitution, actions are declared unconstitutional and are therefore, annulled.
What is a main characteristic of jazz music?
Jazz artists use improvisation in their performances.
Jazz music first started in Great Britain.
Jazz artists follow traditional rhythms and structures.
Jazz produced no famous or popular artists.
A main characterisic of jazz music is improvisation, allowing for spontaneous and unique performances that diverged from other musical forms of the time.
Explanation:A main characteristic of jazz music is the use of improvisation by jazz artists in their performances. Emerging from African American communities and musical traditions like blues and ragtime, jazz became especially popular during the 1920s. Key features include an up-tempo beat with improvised solos and a bolder rhythm and harmony than other contemporary forms of music.
Notable venues like the Cotton Club in Harlem witnessed performances from influential artists such as Duke Ellington and Cab Calloway. The improvisational nature of jazz allowed musicians to express individuality and respond in the moment, which became a defining characteristic of the genre.
Final answer:
A central feature of 'jazz music is improvisation', which enables artists to deliver unique and creative performances. It originated from African American musical traditions, and influential jazz artists have emerged from venues like Harlem's Cotton Club.
Explanation:
A main characteristic of jazz music is the use of improvisation by artists during their performances. Jazz emerged from African American communities in the United States, combining elements from musical traditions such as blues and ragtime. One hallmark of jazz is its dynamic and complex rhythms, with an emphasis on syncopation and swing, as well as its expressive harmonies. Musicians like Duke Ellington and Cab Calloway from the historic Cotton Club showcase the genre's significant cultural impact, including its international reach and representation of African American experiences during the Harlem Renaissance. Improvisation in jazz offers a spontaneous and creative aspect to performances, making each rendition of a piece unique. This form of music evolved to reflect the highs and lows of life in areas with rich African American culture, like New Orleans.
Which was a cause or result of England's conflict with Spain in the late 1500s?
Question 44 options:
Philip II and Elizabeth I agreed to end hostilities in order to join forces against the Dutch.
England refused to help Dutch Protestants in their fight for independence from Spain.
Spain sent a fleet of ships called the Spanish Armada to crush the English navy.
England gave up Protestantism and restored Catholicism as the official religion.
Answer:
The correct answer is: Spain sent a fleet of ships called the Spanish Armada to crush the English Navy.
Explanation:
In 1566, the Dutch had rebelled against the Spanish, as the Netherlands was one of many Spanish Colonies. The main reason for the rebellion was the fact that many of the Dutch citizens become Protestants and because of that, they were persecuted by Catholic Spain. Spaniards sent an army to the Netherlands to fight the rebellion.
Catholic Spain also was a threat to England (they also become Protestants), so queen Elizabeth decided to help the Dutch.
In 1584, Spain allied with the French Catholic League to fight against Protestants in the Netherlands. In response, Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585 where she promised to send an army to the Netherlands to fight against Spaniards.
This battle is considered a declaration of war against Spain. King Philip II began the preparations to send the Spanish Armada to invade England. This battle was one of the largest in the Anglo-Spanish War between 1585 and 1604. The defeat of the Spanish Armada brought Elizabeth great popularity and fame among England.
Answer:
D- Spain sent a fleet of ships called the Spanish Armada to crush the English Navy.
Explanation:
I TOOK THE TEST!!!!!
How did domestic opposition to the Vietnam War compare?
Answer:
The domestic opposition to the Vietnam war what is the greatest compared to any other anti-war movement ever run in the country.
Explanation:
The uncensored telecast of the Vietnam war done exclusively from the battlefields in Vietnam angered the common people of the United States, as the deeds of the US Army in the war were found to be inhuman in many ways.The violence that the US Army was committing against both the Vietnam army and the civilians of Vietnam attracted criticism from all over the United States and turned into an anti-war movement which gained tremendous popularity.What is the enlightenment period?
Answer:
The 18th century
Explanation:
got it right on edge
What was Jacqueline Cochran’s contribution to the war effort?
A: She was the nations first female pilot
B: she served as the chief of the Army Air Forces
C: She convinced the army to start a program for female pilots
D: She became the wars most decorated female combat pilot
Answer: Option (C): She convinced the army to start a program for female pilots is the correct option.
Explanation:
Jacqueline Cochran’s was an American pilot and served as director for women's flight training for the United States of America in 1942. She was the first woman to fly faster than sound on 18 May 1953. She was a pioneer in the field of women in aviation and one of the most prominent racing pilots of her generation.
Jacqueline Cochran's contribution to the war effort was convincing the army to start a program for female pilots, leading to the creation of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program. This initiative enabled women to fly cargo planes and support live antiaircraft drills during World War II. Correct option is c .
Jacqueline Cochran made a significant contribution to the war effort by convincing the army to start a program for female pilots, which led to the creation of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program during World War II. This program allowed nearly 1,000 women to fly cargo planes and support live antiaircraft drills, despite facing dangers and lack of military benefits. Jacqueline Cochran made significant contributions to the war effort during World War II by advocating for the inclusion of female pilots in military operations. She persuaded the Army Air Forces to establish the Women's Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program. This program allowed women to serve as civilian pilots, performing various essential aviation tasks such as ferrying aircraft, towing targets for live anti-aircraft gun practice, and transporting cargo.
Describe the morality of the Japanese people and government during the Tokugawa Period.
(Please help and make sure its correct!) :)
Answer:
Japanese morality during the Tokugawa Period can be described as conformist, collectivist, and harmonious. The period was characterized by almost total isolation fom the rest of the world, the strenghtening of the feudal system, and a relative peacefulness in the islands.
It can be argued that during this era, Japanese People adopted a big part of their character: comformity, a preoccupation with social harmony over individual expression, and a feudal character in which hierarchy and social status are very important. (hence the use of special words in Japanese to address people of high status).
What was the effect of the Watergate scandal on the 1972 election.
Answer: the effect of the watergate scandal led to the resignation of president Richard Nixon causing Gerald Ford to take his place in office. The Watergate Scandal occurred after Richard Nixon stole information from the Democratic National Committee through a break in, he then tried covering up the break in.
2 Points
A historian looks through hundreds of photographs from the terrorist attacks
on New York City's World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, to try to learn
more about the people it affected. Which of these skills is the historian using?
O
A. Examining historiography
O
B. Primary source analysis
O
C. Identifying causes and historical context
O
D. Chronological thinking
SUBMIT
The historian is using B. Primary Source Analysis.
Primary source analysis involves examining first-hand evidence from the past to gather information and make sense of historical events. In this case, the historian is looking at photographs from the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. These photographs are primary sources because they were created at the time of the event and provide direct evidence of what occurred and who was affected.
Observing: The historian examines the details in each photograph, noting the people, locations, and activities captured in the images.Reflecting: The historian considers the context of the photographs, thinking about what they reveal about the experiences and emotions of the people affected by the attacks.Questioning: The historian asks questions to gain a deeper understanding, such as who took the photographs, why they were taken, and how they contribute to the overall narrative of the event.how did conflict affect the political climate in nineteenth century Europe and the United states?
Which TWO sentences describe the demographic effects of the Agricultural Revolution?
The percentage of the total population living in urban areas increased.
The rural population increased steadily, while the urban population stabilized.
The urban population increased steadily, while the total population stabilized.
The percentage of the workforce employed in agriculture decreased.
The percentage of the workforce employed in agriculture increased.
Answer:
The urban population increased steadily, while the total population stabilized.
Explanation:
Answer:
Due to the Agricultural Revolution, the percentage of the total population living in urban areas increased, and the percentage of the workforce employed in agriculture increased.
Explanation:
The Agricultural Revolution was a process of refinement and development of agrarian techniques that led to an unprecedented increase in agricultural production in the English countryside. During the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries the increasing supply of food was a key factor in the British demographic increase and is associated with the increase in the population in English cities, which later became labor for the Industrial Revolution.
It is considered a revolution because the introduction of new techniques and policies in the field, such as fencing, crop rotation, among others, have been able to produce food on an unprecedented scale that can meet the needs of an exponentially growing population that little by little, there was a movement of rural exodus, participating in the changes of the work logic and social organization of the time.
How did Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy philosophy benefit the United States?
Answer:
Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy philosophy benefit the United States in many ways.
Explanation:
As President, Theodore Roosevelt always wanted to strengthen the influence and power of the United States in the world. He wanted to make U.S. a global power.
The most remarkable foreign policy introduced by Roosevelt was the establishment of the Panama Canal. For a lot time, U.S. navy wanted to build a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through Central America. Panama Canal shortened the distance between west coast and east coast. This allowed the transfer of cargo between these two coasts quicker and faster. America needed Panama Canal for a long time. The naval resources could flow freely with the help of this canal.
Final answer:
Theodore Roosevelt's 'big stick' foreign policy strategy enabled the United States to exercise influence without direct military involvement, expanded its global reach, and set a precedent for future American interventionism in international affairs, particularly in the Western Hemisphere.
Explanation:
How Theodore Roosevelt's Foreign Policy Benefited the United States
Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy, often summarized by the phrase “speak softly and carry a big stick,” led to significant benefits for the United States. Roosevelt’s policy focused on using the country's military might as a deterrent rather than engaging in outright conflict. This approach allowed the U.S. to avoid military skirmishes while still expanding its influence and maintaining its status as a rising world power. His implementation of the Monroe Doctrine prevented European intervention in Latin American affairs, which could have threatened the U.S.’s position in the western hemisphere.
In practice, Roosevelt extended this doctrine to act as an “international police power” in the hemisphere, justifying interventions to collect debts and prevent European meddling. This extension of the Monroe Doctrine not only solidified America’s dominance in its own hemisphere but also set a precedent for U.S. engagement in international affairs. The successful negotiation of the Panama Canal is another example of how Roosevelt used his foreign policy strategy to advance U.S. interests by establishing a critical trade route that benefited American commerce and military strategy.
Subsequent presidents like William Howard Taft continued to build on Roosevelt's policies, deploying “Dollar Diplomacy” as a method of economic coercion to secure markets and opportunities for American businesses. Taft’s approach underscored the nation's economic power and reflected Roosevelt's belief in the country's right to exercise significant influence over hemispheric affairs.
what happened to jobs for women after the end of ww1
Final answer:
After WWI, women's participation in the U.S. workforce increased as they filled roles typically reserved for men. Jobs in "Pink-Collar" professions became more common for women, marking the beginning of a broader shift in gender roles and economic opportunities despite the societal expectation to revert to traditional roles once the war ended.
Explanation:
Impact of WWI on Women's Employment
After WWI, the demobilization of soldiers and their return to the United States resulted in a significant increase in women's participation in the workforce. During the war, approximately 1 million American women entered professions that were generally reserved for men between 1917 and 1919, expanding their opportunities substantially. Women took on jobs as secretaries, nurses, and clerks and moved into better-paying jobs and industries where they had not been previously employed. In this time of change, the presence of women in the workforce became more common in "Pink-Collar" professions, and this trend continued into the 1920s, reshaping gender roles and the economic landscape.
Despite the progress, women often faced lower wages than men for the same work, and their employment was characterized by societal expectations to return to traditional roles post-war. However, this period planted the seeds for future shifts in women's employment, paving the way for even greater participation during WWII and beyond. The war marked a turning point for gender roles and women's rights, reflecting a complex but progressive journey towards gender equality in the workplace.
What modern day world power did the Roman government highly influence
Answer:
Rome became the most powerful state in the world by the first century BCE through a combination of military power, political flexibility, economic expansion, and more than a bit of good luck. This expansion changed the Mediterranean world and also changed Rome itself. New institutions, such as provincial government, were created to deal with the management of empire; culture was transformed as outside influences, especially from Greece, came into fashion in Rome; and the city itself was physically transformed by the influx of loot and people brought by successes abroad.
Explanation:
Why was the Oklahoma Constitution called the most progressive in the nation?
(adapted)
What was the primary result of road and turnpike development?
A) migration for east to west
B) souther states become more industrialized
C)state government control of transportation was increased
D)escape form slavery was made easier
The primary result of road and turnpike development was migration for east to west.
Option A
Explanation:
Throughout America's growth, migration was an influential factor. Although the English decided to settle on the banks of the James River in 1607, the following generations have glanced beyond their settlement limits to the unsettled western regions.
These people understood that their development depends on a continuing provision of migrant humans who are ready to pack their stuff and relatives, move to another part of the mainland, migrate their civilisation and re-enact their life in a new surroundings.
Final answer:
The primary result of road and turnpike development was improved transportation and economic growth. It facilitated faster travel, the movement of goods and people, and contributed to westward expansion.
Explanation:
Primary Result of Road and Turnpike Development
The primary result of road and turnpike development was improved transportation and economic growth. The construction of roads, canals, and railroads allowed for faster and easier travel, which facilitated the movement of goods and people across the country. This led to increased trade, market expansion, and the development of new industries.
Furthermore, the transportation revolution also contributed to the westward expansion of the United States. The improved transportation infrastructure made it easier for settlers and farmers to migrate from the eastern coastal states to the Western territories in search of opportunities.
Overall, road and turnpike development played a crucial role in shaping the economic and territorial growth of the United States during the 1800s.
how did egypts geogrraphy affect its farming mathods
Answer:
The geography of Egypt affected its method of farming by making the Egyptian farmers to depend on the yearly floods of Nile for water and fertile soil and makes the farmers to long for the water to go further before planting.
Explanation:
Nile river was a blessing to Egypt’s agriculture. Because of it, Egypt’s was prosperous in farming and agriculture. Egypt’s land is near Nile river. The land is fertile and people used irrigation method for farming. This fertile land is called as the "black land", where the 'Egyptians' grew their crops. Papyrus also grew along the river banks which Egyptians turned into paper to write and keep records on. Further, a desert named the "red land" was present away from the Nile where red land was a 'natural barrier' against enemy.When the Egyptians adapted to the advantages of the 'Nile's floods' and not worrying about 'foreign attacks', they concentrated on improvising farming techniques. The basics needed to create a civilization. Egyptians had used the land beside the river which was more fertile. They also used an irrigation method for gathering drinking water. In fact, the flood water also collected and used for gardening and other works. Most of the time used food crops like vegetables, grains and fruits.Match the following items.
1. settled Kentucky
olive branch
2. a mountain man who helped open wagon trails to the West
Jedediah Smith
pyramid
3. symbol of peace
4. symbol of stability
Daniel Boone
1. settled Kentucky - Daniel Boone
2. a mountain man who helped open wagon trails to the West - Jedediah Smith
3. symbol of peace - olive branch
4. symbol of stability - pyramid
Explanation:
Daniel Boone was an explorer, pioneer and national hero, who heads immigrants in Kentucky.Jedediah Smith was an explorer and frontiersman whose exploration helped a lot of people who came after.Olive branch is a symbol of peace even since the period of Ancient Greece, while pyramid represented a strong and stable rule of Egyptian pharaoh.Learn more on Pyramids on
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Answer:
1. settled Kentucky: Daniel Boone2. symbol of peace: olive branch3. a mountain man who helped open wagon trails to the West: Jedediah Smith4. symbol of stability: pyramidExplanation:
Which of these could not have occurred until the postclassical era?
A. A Byzantine merchant sells goods in India,
B. A Persian general decides to attack a Greek city-state.
C. A Chinese ruler sends an ambassador to Europe,
D. A West African ruler converts to Islam.
A West African ruler converts to Islam.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The post classical era marked expansion of civilizations and development of trade. International trade developed even beyond Silk Road expanding to Europe, Africa, Asia. Islam started spreading based on the revelation of prophet Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam had a reflection of Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians. Islam started spreading widely in Africa, Europe and Asia due to invasions, expansions, merchants and trade activities. Africa was the first continent to be converted to Islam. Almost one third of the Muslims are in this continent.Answer:
D. A west african ruler converts to islam
Explanation:
A P E X
Why did the military dictatorships crack down on workers, students, and native peoples?
They were organized by the coffee barons.
They were part of the United Provinces of Central America.
They were loyal to the Spanish government.
They were subversive against the government.
Answer:
They were subversive against the government.
Explanation:
Although the word subversive might be a bit strong. It's better to say that they were the opposition to the military dictatorship, because being subversive usually has the implication of arming oneself against the government, and neither the workers nor the students nor the native peoples were armed.
These are social groups that fought for democracy during the military dictatorship, and because of that, suffered from great oppression. Many leaders of student organizations, labor unions, and native communities were incarcerated, murdered, or disappeared.
what was the treament for ptsd in world war I
Answer:
they have the agreement in the two country and they gave in to the justice in authority and they are request they give the peace in the amer
During World War I, 'shell shock,' now known as PTSD, was treated with rudimentary psychological care and often carried a stigma. Veterans faced cultural dismissal of their trauma, and although some progress was made with early forms of therapy, effective treatment was generally lacking. The war's psychological toll was later reflected in literature, influencing the understanding of PTSD.
Explanation:The treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or 'shell shock' as it was known during World War I, was primitive compared to modern standards. Early on, doctors mistakenly believed that the intense shelling was the direct cause of shell shock, but it was later understood to be the result of severe psychological stress. At the time, symptoms ranging from trembling to flashbacks and an inability to speak were addressed with limited psychological intervention, often far from the front lines. Patients rarely received the understanding or care necessary for proper reintegration into society, as the issue was often viewed as a sign of personal weakness.
Many World War I veterans returning from service found little support or sympathy for psychological problems. Soldiers were stigmatized and could even lose eligibility for disability pensions if diagnosed with a psychological issues. The military during the Vietnam War claimed to have the situation under control, but many soldiers still suffered without adequate care. The 'talking cure,' an early form of therapy, made some progress, but generally, there was a lack of effective treatment, further impacted by the cultural perception that mental trauma indicated a lack of toughness.
The profound psychological impacts of the war led to a cultural and literary reflection on the absurdity and crisis of modernity. Works by novelists like Ernest Hemingway and Erich Maria Remarque depicted the grim reality of warfare and its devastating effects on the human psyche. The suffering experienced by soldiers and their subsequent shell shock eventually became part of the narrative of PTSD, which required, and continues to require, medical and therapeutic intervention, though this was scarcely available at the time.
__________ was the President of the United States during WWI. Question 11 options: Hoover T. Roosevelt Wilson Washington
Answer:
Woodrow Wilson
Explanation:
Answer:
Wilson
Explanation:
The Roaring Twenties were called that for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ONE.
Answer:
Read
Explanation:
The Roaring Twenties refers to the decade of the 1920s in Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the United States and Europe, particularly in major cities such as Berlin,[1] Chicago,[2] London,[3] Los Angeles,[4] New York City,[5] Paris,[6] and Sydney.[7] In France, the decade was known as the "années folles" ('crazy years'),[8] emphasizing the era's social, artistic and cultural dynamism. Jazz blossomed, the flapper redefined the modern look for British and American women,[9][10] and Art Deco peaked.[11] Not everything roared: in the wake of the hyper-emotional patriotism of World War I, President Warren G. Harding "brought back normalcy" to the politics of the United States. This period saw the large-scale development and use of automobiles, telephones, movies, radio, and electrical appliances being installed in the lives of thousands of Westerners. Aviation soon became a business. Nations saw rapid industrial and economic growth, accelerated consumer demand, and introduced significantly new changes in lifestyle and culture. The media focused on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars, as cities rooted for their home teams and filled the new palatial cinemas and gigantic sports stadiums. In most major democratic states, women won the right to vote. The right to vote had a huge impact on society.
The social and cultural features known as the Roaring Twenties began in leading metropolitan centers and spread widely in the aftermath of World War I. The United States gained dominance in world finance. Thus, when Germany could no longer afford to pay World War I reparations to the United Kingdom, France, and the other Allied powers, the United States came up with the Dawes Plan, named after banker and later 30th Vice President Charles G. Dawes. Wall Street invested heavily in Germany, which paid its reparations to countries that, in turn, used the dollars to pay off their war debts to Washington. By the middle of the decade, prosperity was widespread, with the second half of the decade known, especially in Germany, as the "Golden Twenties".[12]
The spirit of the Roaring Twenties was marked by a general feeling of novelty associated with modernity and a break with tradition. Everything seemed to be feasible through modern technology. New technologies, especially automobiles, moving pictures, and radio, brought "modernity" to a large part of the population. Formal decorative frills were shed in favor of practicality in both daily life and architecture. At the same time, jazz and dancing rose in popularity, in opposition to the mood of World War I. As such, the period often is referred to as the Jazz Age.
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 ended the era, as the Great Depression brought years of hardship worldwide.[13]