The molecular geometry of PF3 (Phosphorus trifluoride) is trigonal pyramidal and it is a polar molecule due to the electronegativity differences between phosphorus and fluorine atoms forming polar bonds.
Explanation:The molecular geometry of the PF3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal. The PF3 molecule contains one phosphorus atom and three fluorine atoms. Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons and fluorine has 7, so the PF3 molecule has 26 valence electrons in total. The phosphorus is at the center of the molecule, with the three fluorine atoms and one lone pair of electrons surrounding it. As a result, the molecule has a 'pyramid' shape with the phosphorus at the top.
In terms of its polarity, PF3 is a polar molecule. This is because the difference in electronegativity between the phosphorus and fluorine atoms creates a polar bond. The three polar bonds form a net dipole moment, making the entire molecule polar.
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The molecular geometry of the PF3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, and this molecule is polar.
The PF3 molecule, which is phosphorus trifluoride, has a central phosphorus atom surrounded by three fluorine atoms. According to the VSEPR model, we count the electron pairs around the central atom, recognizing that there are three bonding pairs and one lone pair. Considering this, PF3 does not have a trigonal planar structure like BF3, which has no lone pairs, but instead has a trigonal pyramidal geometry. The presence of the lone pair on the phosphorus atom pushes the fluorine atoms down, which creates a pyramid-like shape rather than a flat plane. In addition, due to the differences in electronegativity between the fluorine atoms and the phosphorus atom, and the asymmetric shape of the molecule, PF3 has a net dipole moment, meaning it is polar.
1. Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine atoms all seem pretty similar, at first. How many valence electrons does an atom of each have? (4 points)
Nitrogen ______ Oxygen ______ Fluorine ______
What is the percent yield of hbr if 85.00 g of hbr was formed from 30. g of h2?
Ok, lets see the definitions of percent yield, actual yield and theoretical yield.
Percent yield is the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield.
Actual yield- amount of product produced in the EXPERIMENT.
Theoretical yield- max amount of product produced through CALCULATIONS
% yield= actual yield (from experiment)/theoretical yield (from calculation) *100
1st Step: Write the reaction
H2 + Br2 --> 2 HBr
2nd Step: Get the mass ratio of H2 and HBr to find theoretical yield
1 mole H2 gives 2 moles HBr ( molar mass of H2= 2 g/mol, HBr= 81 g/mol)
2 g H2 gives 2*81= 162 g HBr
30 g H2 gives 162*30/2 = 2430 g HBr ( The equation is 2 g H2/ 30 gH2= 162 g HBr/ x g HBr)
So theoretically 2430 g HBr are produced by calculation ( THEORETICAL YIELD)
By experiment 85 g HBr are produced as it is given at the question ( ACTUAL YIELD)
% yield= actual yield / theoretical yield *100 = 85/2430 *100= 3.5 %
The percent yield is 3.5 %.
Pls Help with this Chemistry question
Which of the following energy level changes would give off the most light energy
A.n=5 to n=1
B.n=4 to n=5
C.n=2 to n=5
D.n=5 to n=4
"The correct option is A. [tex]\( n=5 \) to \( n=1 \).[/tex]
In atomic physics, the energy of the emitted photon when an electron transitions from one energy level to another is given by the Rydberg formula:
[tex]\[ E = h \cdot f = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{n_f^2} - \frac{1}{n_i^2} \right) \][/tex] where \( h \) is Planck's constant, \( f \) is the frequency of the emitted photon, \( R \) is the Rydberg constant for hydrogen, \( n_f \) is the final energy level, and \( n_i \) is the initial energy level.
The energy of the photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the light emitted, and the frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light. Therefore, the greater the energy difference between the two levels, the higher the frequency of the emitted light and the more energy the light carries.
Let's calculate the energy released for each transition:
[tex]A. \( n=5 \) to \( n=1 \):[/tex]
[tex]\[ E_{5 \to 1} = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{5^2} \right) = R \cdot \left( 1 - \frac{1}{25} \right) = R \cdot \frac{24}{25} \][/tex]
B. [tex]\( n=4 \) to \( n=5 \):[/tex]
[tex]\[ E_{4 \to 5} = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{5^2} - \frac{1}{4^2} \right) = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{25} - \frac{1}{16} \right) = R \cdot \left( -\frac{9}{400} \right) \][/tex]
(Note: This transition actually absorbs energy, as the electron moves to a higher energy level.)
C.[tex]\( n=2 \) to \( n=5 \):[/tex]
[tex]\[ E_{2 \to 5} = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{5^2} - \frac{1}{2^2} \right) = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{25} - \frac{1}{4} \right) = R \cdot \left( -\frac{21}{100} \right) \][/tex]
(Again, this transition absorbs energy.)
D. [tex]\( n=5 \) to \( n=4 \):[/tex]
[tex]\[ E_{5 \to 4} = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{4^2} - \frac{1}{5^2} \right) = R \cdot \left( \frac{1}{16} - \frac{1}{25} \right) = R \cdot \frac{9}{400} \][/tex]
Comparing the magnitudes of the energy changes, it is clear that the transition from \( n=5 \) to \( n=1 \) releases the most energy because it has the largest difference in energy levels. This corresponds to the largest absolute value of the energy change, which means it will give off the most light energy.
list 4 observations that suggest a chemical change is occurring
Covalent compounds occur __________. between a metal and a nonmetal that share electrons when nonmetals gain or lose electrons only between metals when nonmetals share electrons
When a mixture of ice and water originally at 0 is heated, the temperature remains constant until all of the ice melts?
When heat is applied during a phase change, there is zero change in temperature. This is because all the heat supplied is used to break the bonds of the solid molecules to form liquid molecules. So in essence, there the temperature remains constant until all solid molecules bond are broken down (until all ice melts into liquid).
So the answer is Yes or True.
What was the significance of the smog in Donora & London ?
a. People stopped burning coal to heat their homes
b. The public became aware of air pollution
c. Clean air acts were implemented.
d. Both B and C are correct
The temperature levels in a a nuclear reactor are maintained primarily by the use of
.The temperature levels in a nuclear reactor are maintained primarily by the use of
1. shielding
2. coolants
3. moderators
4. control rods
12 the products of the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide are
Hypnotized by the twirling necklace held in her mother's hand, Becks was transported to another era. She imagined that she could see herself in the 1920s, the period in which the necklace was made. As the necklace danced in front of her, Becks could see what that time would have been like. The women were dressed in fringed dresses and their hair was swept up on one side. The men were wearing pinstriped suits with their hair slicked back. They were all dancing and laughing in a cramped dance room. This is all Becks saw as she gazed intently at the spinning necklace. From which point of view is this passage written? A. first person B. The point of view shifts from third person to second person. C. third person D. second person
A neutral atom of neon has 10 electrons and an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6. How will it ionize to satisfy the octet rule?
A.It will lose 6 electrons from the 2nd energy level to have a valence configuration of 1s2 2s2.
B.It will lose 8 electrons from the 2nd energy level to have a valence configuration of 1s2.
C.It will gain 8 electrons in a 3rd energy level to have a valence configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6.
D.It will not ionize; it already has an octet of electrons in its valence shell.
What type of substance would result from the bonding of elements carbon and chlorine?
Select one:
a. None of the answer choices
b. Ionic
c. Metallic
d. Covalent
What is the name of the following formula: P4O10
a
tetraphosphorus decoxide
b
phosphorus (X) oxide
c
diphosphorus octoxide
d
phosphorus oxide
The name of the following chemical formula P₄O₁₀ is tetraphosphorus decoxide .
What is chemical formula?
Chemical formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.
Subscripts are used to denote number of atoms of each element and brackets indicate presence of group of atoms. Chemical formula does not contain words. Chemical formula in the simplest form is called empirical formula.
It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.
There are four types of chemical formula:
1)empirical formula
2) structural formula
3)condensed formula
4)molecular formula
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How is vapor pressure influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?
The energy released in the fission of a 235u nucleus is about 200 mev. how much rest mass (in kg) is converted to energy in this fission?
To convert 1.00 kg of 235U into energy, about 9.14 × 10^-4 kg of rest mass is converted.
Explanation:The energy released in the fission of a 235U nucleus is about 200 MeV. To find out how much rest mass is converted to energy, we need to calculate the number of 235U atoms in 1.00 kg. One mole of 235U has a mass of 235.04 grams, so there are 4.25 moles of 235U in 1.00 kg. Using Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10^23 U/mol), we can calculate that there are 2.56 × 10^24 atoms of 235U in 1.00 kg. The total energy released is the number of atoms times the given energy per U fission, which is:
(2.56 × 10^24 atoms)(200 MeV/atom) = 5.12 × 10^26 MeV
To convert this to kilograms, we can use the conversion factor 1 MeV = 1.783 × 10^-30 kg, so:
(5.12 × 10^26 MeV)(1.783 × 10^-30 kg/MeV) = 9.14 × 10^-4 kg
Therefore, about 9.14 × 10^-4 kg of rest mass is converted to energy in this fission.
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Which is the correct number of valence electrons in the element sulfur (s)?
Answer:The answer is 6
Explanation:
Why would you classify hydrogen as a nonmetal 2017?
What element has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1?
The aluminum element has the electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.
What is a neutral atom?A neutral atom can be defined as one in which the number of protons (positive charge) is equal to the number of electrons ( negative charge ). The overall electric charge of a neutral atom is zero. Therefore, this kind of atom is called a neutral atom.
For a neutral atom, we generally say that the number of electrons should be equal to the number of protons. All chemical elements placed in the periodic table are in a neutral state.
The given electronic configuration has 13 electrons. The number of electrons in the valence shell is three so the element belongs to group 13 and the valence electron is filled in their electron shell so it is the element of the third period.
We know that the aluminum element has an atomic number of 13. Therefore, the given electronic configuration belongs to a neutral atom of the aluminum element.
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Under what conditions will deviations from the "ideal" gas be expected? select all that apply. low temperatures high temperatures low pressure high pressure
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. At very low temperatures and very high pressures, real gases deviate from the behavior predicted by gas laws.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.
Mathematically the relation between pressure, temperature and volume is given as
PV=nRT
where,
P = pressure of ideal gas
V= volume of gas
n =number of moles of gas
T =temperature
R = Gas constant = 8.314J/K/mo
This law is not valid at very low temperatures and very high pressures because of the interaction between the particles increases and the factor of reduced volume come into picture.
Therefore, at very low temperatures and very high pressures, real gases deviate from the behavior predicted by gas laws.
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The volume of one mole of a substance is 22.4 L at STP for all ____.
A. Gases
B. Liquids
C. Solids
D. Compounds
Magda has the two magnets shown below what will happen if magda tries to push the north poles of the two magnets toward one another
If you wish to warm 52 kg of water by 22 ∘c for your bath, find what the quantity of heat is needed. express your answer in calories cal.
1144000 cal is the quantity of heat is needed to warm 52 kg of water by 22 [tex]\rm ^oC[/tex] for bath.
Heat is the energy that spontaneously transfers between systems or things as a result of temperature changes in chemistry. Conduction, convection, or radiation are all possible methods of transmission. Temperature changes result through heat exchange, which frequently occurs during chemical reactions. The rate of reactions, phase transitions, and general system behaviour are all strongly influenced by this thermal energy transfer. Understanding the dynamic behaviour of matter at the molecular level requires an understanding of heat, which can be measured in quantities like joules or calories.
Q= mc(T2-T1)
m= 52 kg,
T2-T1 = 22 [tex]\rm ^oC[/tex]
C= 1 cal/g[tex]\rm ^oC[/tex]
Q= 52000g x 1 cal/g[tex]\rm ^oC[/tex] x 22C
= 1144000 cal
C= 4.184 joules/kg[tex]\rm ^oC[/tex]
Q= 52 kg x 4.184 joules/kg[tex]\rm ^oC[/tex]x 22
= 4786.496Joules
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To warm 52 kg of water by 22°C, we must first convert the mass of water to grams and then apply the specific heat of water formula. Calculating through gives us 4,787,776 joules, but requested in calories, we convert the joules to give approximately 1,144,591.5 calories of heat energy.
Explanation:The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g °C. When we translate this into more understandable terms, it means that it takes 4.184 joules of energy to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Now, to find out how much heat is needed to warm your volume of water, we must use the specific heat equation: Q = mcΔT, where 'Q' is the heat energy, 'm' is the mass of the substance being heated (in this case, water), 'c' is the specific heat of the substance, and 'ΔT' is the change in temperature.
Now all we do is substitute the relevant values into the equation: Q = 52,000g * 4.184 J/g°C * 22°C. The g (grams) cancel out, as do the °C (degrees C), leaving us with Q = 4,787,776 joules. However, you wished to express the answer in calories. To convert from joules to calories, we must remember that 1 cal = 4.184 J. So, Q = 4,787,776 / 4.184 = 1,144,591.5 cal.
Thus, you would need approximately 1,144,591.5 calories of heat energy to warm 52 kg of water by 22°C for your bath.
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What conditions lead to the formation of large crystals in an igneous rock?
Appropriate units for the speed of a chemical reaction, the reaction rate, are _______.
Calcium must lose two electrons to get a full outer shell. what is the name of the group to which calcium belongs
Based on the information contained in the figure above, do you think that neon has any isotopes? Explain your answer.
Based on the figure, Neon has an atomic number of 10 and a Mass number of 20.18. We must take note that the atomic number is equal to the number of protons, while the Mass number is equal to the number of protons PLUS neutrons, so:
number of protons = 10
protons + neutrons = 20.18
hence,
10 + neutrons = 20.18
number of neutrons = 10.18
A neutron can be a considered as a whole single atom so it cannot have a decimal. The only way that the number of neutrons is fractions is only when it is a combination of isotopes. So the answer is:
Yes, Neon has isotopes
Why is glycolysis considered by evolutionary theory to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
Carbon monoxide (co ) is used as a purifying gas in mond's process to produce nickel from its ores. what type of bonding occurs between the atoms of a co molecule?
Answer is: covalent bond.
Covalent bond is bond between nonmetals. Carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are nonmetals.
Carbon atom and oxygen atom are connected by a triple bond (six shared electrons in three bonding molecular orbitals) that is formed of two covalent bonds and one dative covalent bond.
Dative covalent bond is formed by two electrons derive from the oxygen atom.
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, toxic and tasteless gas.
If a mineral has a daughter to parent ration of 3:1 (three daughter atoms for every one parent atom), how many half-lives have passed since the mineral formed?
What is a reduction potential chart show? What information does it have?
Answer:
It shows the reduction-oxidation tendency of chemical species present in the chart.
Explanation:
The reduction potential chart also known as activity series or electrochemical series is a reference series or chart constructed on the basis of reduction potential of standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). The standard reduction potential of SHE is considered to be zero.
Any species which can reduce SHE has negative reduction potential in the chart.
Any species which can oxidize SHE has positive reduction potential in the chart.
Higher the reduction potential more the tendency to undergo reduction and to oxidize others.
Lower the reduction potential more the tendency to undergo oxidation and to reduce others.