Answer:
This question in incomplete. Here are the missing options:
A) intelligent design B) prehistoric positional theory C) evolutionary theory D) genetic transformational theoryThe answer is C) evolutionary theory.
Explanation:
This theory, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, explains that organisms inherit different traits which may or may not help them to survive. Only the organisms which are better adapted to their environment can reproduce and pass the traits to their offspring. This is called natural selection.
The central claim that living species can change over time and share a common ancestry is a fundamental principle of the theory of evolution.
Explanation:The claim that "living species can change over time and give rise to new kinds of organisms, with the result that all organisms ultimately share a common ancestry" is central to the theory of evolution. This theory, proposed by Charles Darwin, explains how species adapt and change over time through the process of natural selection. Evolution is supported by many lines of evidence, including fossil records, comparative anatomy, and genetic studies.
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What are the four Stages of Visualization? 1. Developing your design solution 2. Formulating your brief 3. Working with data 4. Representing your data in a trustworthy manner 5. Establishing your editorial
Answer:
The four Stages of Visualization are as follows:
1. Formulating your brief
2. Working with data
3. Establishing your editorial
4. Developing your design solution
A major difference between sound recordings made by Emile Berliner and those made by Thomas Edison was that ______.
Full question:
A major difference between sound recordings made by Emile Berliner and those made by Thomas Edison was that ______.
A. Berliner's disks were flat
B. Edison's disks could be mass produced
C. Edison's disks were coated with lamp black
D. Berliner's disks were made of vinyl
E. None of the above.
Answer:
A major difference between sound recordings made by Emile Berliner and those made by Thomas Edison was that Berliner's disks were flat
Explanation:
Thomas Edison created recorded sound technology, but Emile Berliner's designs began to its mass spread. Berliner flat record disk ultimately supplanted the added flimsy and clumsy Edison cylinders as users' sound technology of preference.
The disk design made flat enhanced the pattern for extent manufactured business sound disks and was the forerunner of nowadays discs patterns. The designated sound-component of the Berliner Collection consists of various disc records generated by the Berliner Gramophone Company. Thomas Edison disk consisted of a thin coating of a phenolic resin
According to this ___________________ perspective, free trade is not always a good thing. Sometimes the state needs to protect domestic industries and promote exports through strategic policies.
According to Neo-mercantilist perspective, free trade is not always a good thing. Sometimes the state needs to protect domestic industries and promote exports through strategic policies.
Explanation:
Neo-mercantilism maximizes the benefits and power of a country by raising the prices for goods that are traded abroad, maintaining the price of goods and stability of supply within the country . Neo-mercantilism encourages exports, deters imports, and controls capital movement.
During 1500, the mercantilism practice was famous in Europe. The main idea of the mercantilism is to improve the nation’s wealth and power. This system greatly dominated Western European economic policies from 16th to late 18th centuries.
In your own words, explain why exposure to teratogens during the embryonic period carries the greatest risk for developmental abnormalities?
Reason as exposure to teratogens during the embryonic period carries the greatest risk for developmental abnormalities:
Teratogens are those substances that causes functional or physical abnormalities when the pregnant women are exposed to it. The are four types of teratogens namely,
metabolic conditionsphysical agentsdrugs or chemicalsinfectionsGenerally, the abnormalities occurs during the third to eighth week of pregnancy i.e the period when the major organs of the fetus develop. They can also lead to the complications like miscarriage, preterm labors or spontaneous abortions.
Some of the types of tranquilizers namely, lithium and phenothiazine are considered to be teratogens. Most of the congenital malformations are of unidentified origin, but the teratogens that are known and evaluated include maternal illnesses and infections, drugs, metal toxicity, or physical factors (for example radiation).
Exposure to teratogens during the embryonic period (weeks 3-8) is most risky because major organs and systems are forming, making the developing embryo highly sensitive to disruptions that can cause permanent defects.
Exposure to teratogens during the embryonic period carries the greatest risk for developmental abnormalities because this is a critical phase in the formation of the body's major structures and organs.
1. Critical Developmental Period: The embryonic period, which spans from the third to the eighth week of pregnancy, is when the foundations of all major organs and systems are established.
2. Rapid Cell Division and Differentiation: During the embryonic period, cells are rapidly dividing and differentiating to form various tissues and organs. This process is highly sensitive to external influences, making it more vulnerable to damage from harmful substances.
3. Formation of Organ Systems: The basic structures of critical organ systems, such as the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and skeletal system, are laid down during the embryonic period. Teratogens can interfere with the normal development and patterning of these structures, leading to congenital anomalies.
4. Developmental Windows of Susceptibility: Different organs and systems have specific windows of vulnerability during which they are particularly susceptible to teratogenic effects.
L.S. tells you that he loves to play basketball and football and asks you whether he can still do these activities. How will you respond?
Answer:
I would respond by saying that yes he can still play the games that he likes to play but he would have to learn to control his asthma through the use of different exercises breathing techniques to eliminate the risk of a severe asthma attack.
Explanation:
I would choose not to demotivate L.S. by telling him that he is no more capable of playing the games that he likes. I would rather suggest him to follow certain exercises and breathing exercises which would enable him to do what he wishes to do with a negligible risk of an asthma attack. I would make him understand the nuances of the care that should be taken while doing activities that are prone to asthma attacks and ask him to take care of those little things.Yes, L.S. can continue playing basketball and football, as these are beneficial physical activities. However, any health or safety concerns should be addressed, possibly with the help of a doctor or a physical trainer.
Explanation:Of course, L.S. can continue to play basketball and football, assuming there are no underlying health or physical conditions preventing engagement in these sports. Both are excellent forms of physical activity that benefit cardiovascular health, enhance coordination, and foster teamwork. However, it's important also to consider safety measures like using appropriate gear and following the rules of the game to prevent injuries. I recommend consulting a doctor or a physical trainer if L.S. has any specific health concerns regarding these sports.
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The _____ is the primary vehicle through which the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) exercises responsibility to provide for the preparation of joint operation plans. It provides guidance and direction from the CJCS to the combatant commanders and the Service chiefs for preparation of contingency plans.
Answer:
The answer is the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan.
Explanation:
Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan consists of a plan which gives management to the combatant commanders as well as to the Joint Chiefs of Staff to allow them to accomplish some tasks as well as some missions according to the current military capabilities.
It assigns some resources to combatant commanders according to the military capabilities that result because of a completed program and assessments in terms of intelligence.
Dr. Turner is studying shyness. He finds that Blake and Luke, identical twins, are more alike in terms of level of inhibition than are Sam and Carl, who are fraternal twins. His research indicates that ______ plays an important role in shyness.
Answer:
heredity
Explanation:
Answer:
Heredity
Explanation:
In fraternal twins, two eggs are fertilized at once rather than just one egg. This means that a woman releases two eggs and this is not caused by the father's genes because a man cannot make a woman produce and release two eggs. This implies that fraternal twins may be hereditary. Hence comparing the level of shyness in identical and nonidentical twin is more like comparing the impact of heredity on inhibition levels.
Dawson and Emily go to the same high school. Emily is very attractive and outgoing. On seeing her, Dawson assumes that she is also smart and popular. In this scenario, Dawson’s assumption is an example of _____.
Answer:
the implicit personality theory
Explanation:
The implicit personality theory refers to an individuals subjective notion about the personality characteristics that tends to occur in people. For example, Dawson implicitly asserts that since Emily is very attractive and outgoing, she must be smart and popular, another example, is that people tend to assert that old people are honest and will not be involved in crime. They error of this is that most of these conclusions are based on limited information about the person involved.
Answer:
implicit personality theory
Explanation:
A therapist is working with a child that dislikes the task she is working on. The child pinches the therapist. The therapist responds by telling the child to take a break from the work and think about what she did. In the future, the child pinches any time she doesn’t want to do her work. In this example, the consequence for pinching was ________.
Answer:
Receiving a break from work which functioned as a reinforce
Explanation:
Reinforce is something like to increase the likelihood of the behavior occurs. Reinforce play a vital role in increasing or decreasing a behavior. For example, here parents want to change the behavior or increase the likelihood of the behavior.
For that, they praise their child for keeping the room clean. Even we all use reinforcement in our everyday routine. The reinforcement can be positive or negative. Both reinforce increase the likelihood of the behavior that occurs. Thus here the result is that the consequences of the pinching were that a reinforce.
Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board. This ability is best explained in terms of:A)the spacing effect.B)chunking.C)the serial position effect.D)the method of loci.E)flashbulb memory.
Answer:
B)chunking.
Explanation:
Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board. This ability is best explained in terms of chunking.
Chunking is the process of organizing pieces of information into small number of meaningful units, this process helps frees up space in working memory.
The chess master is able to recall the exact position of most of the pieces due to chunking and is able to easily get back into the game.
Chess masters are likely to use 'chunking' to recall the exact positions of chess pieces after a brief glance. This process breaks down information into manageable chunks, helping to increase memory capacity. Other memory concepts are not directly applicable in this scenario.
Explanation:The ability of chess masters to recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board is best explained in terms of chunking. This is a cognitive process in which information is broken down into meaningful groups or 'chunks'. This strategy significantly increases our short-term and working memory capacity by reducing the number of items we have to remember and making the information more manageable.
For example, chunking is used when remembering phone numbers, where instead of trying to recall 5205550467, we remember it as 520-555-0467. In the context of chess, a player might 'chunk' the board into specific regions, and remember the state of these regions rather than the position of every single piece. It's similar to the way we remember the gist of a story instead of every single detail.
While other concepts like the spacing effect, the serial position effect, the method of loci, and flashbulb memory are also relevant to the study of memory, they are not directly applicable to the process of rapidly remembering and understanding the state of a chess board in the context of this question.
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A/An _____ is a type of variable that is not accounted for in a research experiment. independent variable dependent variable confounding variable.
Answer:
Confounding
Explanation:
In research, we usually have two different types of variables:
The independent variable is the one that the researchers can control and that will have an effect on another variable.The dependent variable is the one that cannot be control and that is affected by the independent variable. Researchers observe this variable to see how it changes. This is the variable that will be tested or measured.However, sometimes an unexpected type of variable appear: a confounding variable is an influence (from outside) that changes the relationship or the effects of the other two variables. It is usually a variable that the researcher couldn't control and they affect the validity of the experiments.
Therefore, a confounding is a type of variable that is not accounted for in a research experiment
Answer:
A confounding variable is not accounted for in research experiments.
Explanation: When a confounding variable is present, it has the potential to alter the relationship between the dependent and independent variable. In turn, this can lead to distorted or false experiment findings. For example, if an experiment is being conducted on a sample of students, regarding the relationship between caffeine consumption and its effect on academic performance, a potential confounding variable could be the varying amounts of sleep each participant got prior to the expirement. Adequate sleep could very well affect academic performance. However, this variable cannot be considered because it is not the main subject of the experiment.
Renee plans to open a gift shop in a tourist location. She will rely heavily on walk-in customers to support her business. Renee will need:
Answer:
A brick and mortar facility
Explanation:
Brick and Mortar is an e-commerce business jargon to signify that a company needs physical presence in terms of building or other form of physical presence. Such companies are known to offer customers with one-on-one experiences. An example of such business is a retail store located inside a building. Since Renee relies on walk-in customers, then she will need a Brick and Mortar.
Final answer:
Renee, as an entrepreneur, must select an appropriate business structure, research locations, and strategize her operation and promotion to ensure a flourishing gift shop with a steady stream of walk-in customers in a tourist area.
Explanation:
As an entrepreneur planning to open a gift shop in a tourist location, Renee must make strategic decisions regarding the business structure, location, operation, and ongoing promotion to ensure a continuous flow of walk-in customers. Various business structures are available, such as sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, and each has its own implications for liability, taxes, and control. The choice of structure should align with Renee's goals, risk tolerance, and the level of control she desires.
Identifying an ideal location requires research and possibly the assistance of a real estate broker. This task involves charting the most and least expensive retail spaces in the desired area, considering both location and square footage to determine affordability and suitability for the shop. Additionally, working with people who are knowledgeable in retail businesses, like marketing specialists or financial advisors, can provide valuable insights for Renee's plans.
Efficiently reaching customers depends on effective product distribution, whether it's in-person, through a supermarket rack, or via mail, which must be planned carefully. Moreover, Renee should consider the broader economic context of her business, including competition, consumer behavior, and accessibility to supply chains. Elements such as advertising, sales promotions, and customer loyalty initiatives will also play a crucial role in maintaining a thriving business with regular customers.
Because people often experience multiple layers of disadvantage as they experience race, ________ suggests that we must also understand that prejudice can be layered prejudice, often encompassing more than one prejudice or stereotype at a time.
Answer:
The Intersection Theory suggests that we must also understand that prejudice can be layered prejudice, often encompassing more than one prejudice or stereotype at a time.
Explanation:
There is no reason historically or sociologically that the prejudices that we bear today have come to us the way they were originated. There may be ample undiscovered evidence to prove that there have been eliminations and additions to the prejudices that we hold about ourselves and others.The Intersection Theory emphasizes the possibility of the addition and elimination of the layers of such prejudices.Which movement focused on individuals as part of their community and understanding and appreciating the strengths of cultural diversity?
Answer:
Settlement House Movement
Explanation:
Settlement house movement: The settlement house movement has begun during the 1880s and 1920s in the United States and England and is considered as a social movement. The main aim of this movement was to bring together the poor and the rich of a particular society in social interconnectedness as well as physical proximity. It provided several community services for the underprivileged and the poor people who lived in urban areas.
In the question above, the given statement signifies the settlement house movement.
Whereas ______ is typified by above typical levels of androgens in the prenatal period, _______ is typified by the XY body's inability to respond to androgens.
Answer:
congenital adrenal hyperplasia; androgen insensitivity syndrome
Explanation:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder which limits the production of hormone in the adrenal glands. It affects children's normal growth as well as development.
Androgen insensitivity syndrome is popularly known as AIS. In this condition a person who is a male having both X and Y chromosomes is resistant to the androgen hormones. Such a person may have some traits of a woman.
Ethical communication, which allows us to make good choices about how we communicate is based on trustworthiness, fairness, and concern for the community.
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Ethical communication is associated with the communication that is chiefly governed by the conduct of righteousness and wrongness. Such a communication promotes truthfulness, loyalty, logic, and goodness that are essential to keep the probity of the communication intact in order to comprehend responsible decisions with dignity and mutual understanding. Therefore, the given assertion would be categorized as true as such communication permits an individual to take good(moral) and responsible decisions and the manner of communication is highly dominated by impartiality, concern, and trustworthiness. Thus, the assertion is true.
According to the social learning theory, modeling paves the way for the development of more general rules and principles in a process called __________.
Answer:
Abstract modeling
Explanation:
According to the social learning theory, modeling paves the way for the development of more general rules and principles in a process called abstract modeling.
Abstract modeling is a way of learning new skills and behaviour by unconsciously observing others. It paves the way for the development of general principles. Example of abstract modeling is observing an athlete throw a discus and learning to throw it on your own without anyone intentionally teaching you how to.
Answer:
abstract modeling
Explanation:
Abstract modeling is a way of picking up skills and behaviors through learning by the indirect observation of others. Modeling occurs often unconsciously when a person observes and adopts another person's behaviors or actions and practices the skill or attitude. Most things are adopted by observational learning from our parents, peers, and teachers paving the way for the development of more general rules and principles in the life of the person.
You recently heard a friend say that the presidential candidate had received several speeding tickets when he was younger. You later recall this information as coming from a newspaper article. In this example, you are MOST likely experiencing
Answer:Source Misattribution
Explanation:
What is Source Misattribution? Source Misattribution which is also referred to as source confusion, is a memory error. It results to being unable to recall where a particular memory comes from.
You find it hard to verify the information in your memory because eventhough you have a picture in your mind but you seem to find it hard to locate the primary source of that memory and a secondary source and your may find swapping them around.
It mostly increases when we try to imagine that something happened even if it didn't happen.
According to Hofstede, tight social frameworks, emotional dependence on belonging to the organization, and a strong belief in group decisions are characteristics of _______.
Answer:
Collectivism.
Explanation:
Collectivism can be understood as a value described as the importance of the existence of cohesiveness between individuals.
An individual with a collectivistic world-view tends to gravitate towards groups, by intending to build meaningful relationships with family, work colleagues, and developing a sense of community with his/her neighborhood, town or city.
Research has shown that collectivistic societies tend to have lower rates of mental health issues such as lower rates of depression, and anxiety-related disorders.
According to Hofstede, tight social frameworks, emotional dependence on belonging to the organization, and a strong belief in group decisions are characteristics of collectivism.
The ability to cope with stress and adversity, to adapt to negative or unforeseen circumstances, and to rebound after negative experiences is called_________.
Answer:
Resilience
Explanation:
The ability to cope with stress and adversity, to adapt to negative or unforeseen circumstances, and to rebound after negative experiences is called resilience.
Gregory has just gained membership in the Association of Skilled Machinist Workers. As part of his membership packet, he receives a handbook that includes a code of _________ intended to help him make appropriate decisions.
Answer:
Gregory has just gained membership in the Association of Skilled Machinist Workers. As part of his membership packet, he receives a handbook that includes a code of __ethics______ intended to help him make appropriate decisions
Explanation: code of ethIcs can be defined as a guide of principles/laws which is designed purposely to aid professionals in all fields to conduct or establish their businesses in a sincere/honest manner and with utmost integrity. A code of ethics is also known as an "ethical code".
Reliability refers to a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced. True or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Reliability: In psychological research, the term reliability is defined as the consistency or stability of a particular measuring test or research study. The reliability of a test refers to the consistency of the result i.e, it should appear as same if conducted over different time, different items, and researchers.
Types of reliability:
1. Parallel forms reliability.
2. Test-retest reliability.
3. Internal consistency.
4. Interrater reliability.
Yes, reliability refers to the measure of a study's consistency, considering the likelihood of results being replicated if the study is reproduced. This consistency is crucial in demonstrating the veracity of any given study or research, and it is typically achieved through repeated measurements or testing.
Explanation:True, reliability does indeed refer to a measure of a study's consistency that ponders how likely results are to be replicated if the study is reproduced. This concept is paramount in scientific research. As part of the scientific method, reliability helps in validating the accuracy of any given research. This is mainly achieved through repeated testing under the same circumstances.
For instance, when collecting samples, a reliable approach will produce consistent outcomes, regardless of the number of iterations. If the samples produce widely varying results, the reliability is then in question. This would mean that either the sampling method is flawed or the measures used in the study are unreliable.
Moreover, in research, measurements are often replicated to ensure that the data is both precise and accurate. Precision corresponds to the consistency of the outcome (reliability), whereas accuracy refers to how closely results align with the true or accepted value.
So, the description given in the statement aligns with the principle of reliability within the context of scientific and statistical studies, cementing its correctness.
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Daft Corp. sells a range of products like Panther cellphones, Ober laptops, and Zappa music players. These products represent the _____ of Daft Corp.
Answer:
All of these products are Daft corp product line.
Explanation:
The product line is the concept to define a single company or brand range of products. In our case, we have only products not services. So we can identify quickly that they are the Product line. Also, they belong to the same industry and the same sector. Thus, we can also understand they belong to the same company. Because as you may know companies choose almost only one industry. When they pick more than one and diversify themselves and become conglomerates it is more difficult to identify them without the brand logo and characteristics.
Exchanged a land with an adjusted basis of 65,000 for 5,000 shares of corporation stock and 10,000 cash the corporation stock had a fmv of 80,000 on the date
Answer:
Sr. No Particulars Debit Credit
Land $ 65000
Profit & Loss Account $ 25,000
Corporation Stock $ 80,000
Cash $ 10,000
Explanation:
Recording of purchase of land for stock of $ 80,000 and cash $ 10,000 . As the value of land is $ 65,000 the loss is debited to the profit and loss account. the stock is recorded at the fair market value on the date.
Excavators at the Indus Valley site of Harappa in mirrors-an ability that is often considered a sign eastern Pakistan say the discovery of inscribed of self-awareness-and to grasp spontaneously shards dating to circa 2800-2600 B.C. indicate their dolphins' ability to recognize themselves in development of a Harappan writing system, the use mirrors-an ability that is often considered as a of inscribed seals impressed into clay for marking sign of self-awareness-and of spontaneously ownership, and the standardization of weights for trade grasping or taxation occurred many decades, if not centuries, dolphins to be capable of recognizing earlier than was previously believed.
A) indicate their development of a Harappan writing system, the use of
B) indicate that the development of a Harappan writing system, using
C) indicates that their development of a Harappan writing system, using
D) indicates the development of a Harappan writing system, their use of
E) indicates that the development of a Harappan writing system, the use of
When questioning whether something a person did is unethical it is best to be aware of any personal feelings you may have towards that personTrue/false
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
The given statement asserts a true claim as it proposes a reasonable claim that it is essential to question the person individually to know their intentions or person's feelings before alleging a question on their ethics or considering their actions to be unethical. Such an action might be the consequence of a situation or circumstantial reaction, etc. Therefore, knowing the intentions becomes a must prior to any allegation to one's ethics. Hence, the statement is true.
True, when assessing the ethics of a person's actions, personal feelings should be taken into account to maintain objectivity. Ethical decision-making often involves a sliding scale based on context, and a balance of intent, means, and ends is crucial for proper ethical deliberation.
When questioning whether something a person did is unethical, it is best to be aware of any personal feelings you may have towards that person. The statement is true. It's important to recognize our biases and emotions when evaluating someone's actions because they can cloud our judgment and influence our assessment of ethical behavior. In the ethical evaluation process, maintaining objectivity is key to ensuring fairness and accuracy.
In scenarios where our emotions may differ from our beliefs, such as telling a friend their haircut looks great despite our true thoughts, we navigate a sliding scale of ethical conduct. These day-to-day decisions are informed by context and potential outcomes, and while minor inaccuracies may be harmless, ethical deliberation becomes critical in more consequential matters.
Realism and anti-realism in ethics challenge the notion that moral claims are true or false in the same manner as facts. To avoid confusion between our ethical beliefs and our feelings, we must critically think about our values and principles, especially when confronted with ethical dilemmas. The ethical pyramid, which includes intent, means, and ends, provides a framework for ethical decision-making beyond personal inclinations or popular opinion.
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that comprise a happy sexual relationship, according to study conducted by the AARP (American Association of Retired People)?
Full question:
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that comprise a happy sexual relationship, according to study conducted by the AARP (American Association of Retired People)?
A. sexual intercourse more than one time per week
B. good health
C. a younger partner
D. absence of financial worries
Answer:
Option C
according to study conducted by the AARP a younger partner is NOT one of the factors that comprise a happy sexual relationship
Explanation:
The questionnaire intended to seek to learn the position that sexuality performs in the state of living of older adults, as well as how fresh advancements in medical care influence the comfort of older adults with their sex lives. The questionnaire specimen was meant to deliver illustrative samples of age gathering and for both males and females.
Sexual orientations and practices also differ by age. sexuality is more relevant to mid-life to more aged adults, and more regular sexual activity is informed by mid-life than by more aged adults. Still, the vast preponderance of all age groups examines sex to be pleasant and does not consider that is only for younger people.
Eva and her roommate haven't been getting along lately. Every time Eva enters the room, her roommate looks away and turns her body so that her back is to Eva. This example best illustrates the use of nonverbal behavior to:________________
Answer:
This example best illustrates the use of nonverbal behavior to convey attitudes.
Explanation:
Non verbal behavior can say more about an individual that actual verbal behavior. This is because it tends to be unconscious to the individual, meaning he/she doesn't tend to think much about his/her movements.
Conveying means to make an idea or concept known to others.
In this case, Eva's roommate is making use of non verbal behavior (turning away from Eva) in order for Eva to understand that she does not like her.
Roger believes that he has extrasensory perception. He predicts that he will be able to correctly guess heads or tails at least 85 times out of 100 coin flips. This prediction is a(n) ________.
Answer:
This prediction is a hypothesis.
Explanation:
A hypothesis is a supposition about something which needs to be tested in order to see if it is true or not. It is tested throughout an experiment or a study, for example.
In this case, Roger's prediction is a hypothesis because it can be tested in order to determine wether it is true or not.
A common source of knowledge is _____, a socially accepted source of information that includes "experts," parents, government officials, police, judges, and religious leaders.
Answer:
Authority
Explanation:
In this case, an authority is an official source of information which is recognized or confirmed by experts, government and the rest of the public(family,police etc). In other words these groups possess somewhat solid impact on information as they hold validation concerning information sources. Authority in this respect could also mean that one is recognized by important groups for a particular kind of information.